Świecie
| Świecie | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Kuyavian Pomeranian | ||
| Powiat : | Świecie | ||
| Gmina : | Świecie | ||
| Area : | 11.89 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 25 ' N , 18 ° 26' E | ||
| Height : | 19 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 25,974 (Dec. 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 86-100 to 86-105 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 52 | ||
| License plate : | CSW | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | S 5 : Wroclaw - Bydgoszcz - Świecie | ||
| DK 1 : Danzig - Toruń - Cieszyn / Czech Republic | |||
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Ext. 239 : Świecie – Błądzim ext. 240 : Świecie– Tuchola - Chojnice |
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| Rail route : |
PKP - route 131: Bydgoszcz – Laskowice Pomorskie Terespol Pomorski station |
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| Next international airport : | Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport | ||
Świecie ([ ˈɕfʲɛtɕɛ ], , German Schwetz an der Weichsel ) is a town in the powiat Świecki of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland . The city with about 26,000 inhabitants is the seat of the Powiat and the city-and-country municipality of the same name with about 34,100 inhabitants.
location
The city is located at the confluence of the Wda (Schwarzwasser) in the Vistula , about 40 km north of Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) and 105 km south of Gdansk .
history
The place, which was called Swet in older times , is said to owe its foundation and its name to Swedish emigrants who probably fled to Prussia at the beginning of the 10th century and settled as colonists on both banks of the Vistula. The Marienkirche was consecrated here in 1198. In the 12./13. In the 19th century, Świecie was the center of a Pomeranian subducal Samborid principality . A castle existed here as early as the end of the 12th century as the seat of the Pomoran duke, Grimislaus, in a strategic location near the river Schwarzwasser shortly before its confluence with the Vistula .
In 1309 Schwetz came to the Teutonic Order together with Pommerellen . In 1338 Schwetz was raised to the status of a town under Kulmer law . In 1410 the Teutonic Order suffered a serious defeat against the united army of Poland and Lithuania in the battle of Tannenberg (Grunwald) . Since the order withstood the subsequent siege of Marienburg , the defeat had no territorial effects in Pomerania. The revolt of the Prussian estates against the order in 1440 led to the outbreak of the Thirteen Years War of Cities (1453–1466). After the Second Peace of Thorn , which was concluded on October 19, 1466 , Schwetz came together with the cities of the Prussian Confederation to the autonomous Prussian Royal Share , which had voluntarily submitted to the sovereignty of the Crown of Poland.
Since the first Polish partition in 1772 Schwetz belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia , where it remained until 1920.
After a severe flood in 1858, the city was moved to a slightly elevated position. The economic development was decisively improved by the connection to the railway network in 1888. At the beginning of the 20th century Schwetz had a Protestant church, two Catholic churches, a synagogue , a castle ruin, a former Bernardine monastery (later used as a provincial insane asylum), a grammar school, a preparatory institute , an agricultural winter school, an electricity company, a district court and a number of them commercial operations.
After the First World War , Schwetz had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor .
After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the district was annexed by the German Reich . It was assigned to the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia , to which it belonged until 1945.
In the fall of 1939, members of the SS and self-protection committed the murders of 1,350 mentally ill people.
Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 . After the end of the war, there was an internment camp in Schwetz for German prisoners of war and for refugees from the German eastern regions, which was closed in spring 1946.
Schwetz had remained a district town since 1818. In 1975 the Powiat Świecki was dissolved, but was re-established in 1999 by the administrative reform in Poland.
Demographics
Before 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1789 | 1,780 | about a third of them Protestant Germans and two thirds Catholic Poles |
| 1802 | 2,340 | |
| 1810 | 1,830 | |
| 1816 | 2,042 | including 856 Protestants, 1,076 Catholics and 110 Jews |
| 1821 | 2,077 | |
| 1831 | 2,660 | |
| 1837 | about 3,000 | |
| 1852 | 3,665 | |
| 1871 | 4,958 | thereof 1,900 Evangelicals and 2,600 Catholics (1,980 Poles ) |
| 1875 | 5,210 | |
| 1880 | 5,946 | |
| 1890 | 6,716 | including 2,734 Protestants, 3,459 Catholics and 505 Jews |
| 1905 | 7,747 | thereof 3,046 Protestants and 363 Jews |
| 1931 | 8,730 | including about 1,100 Germans |
| 1943 | 11,664 |
After 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 25,614 | |
| 2016 | 25,974 |
Attractions
- Teutonic Order Castle from the 14th century
- Parish church
- Fortifications
- Former St. Bernard monastery
- Neo-Gothic St. Andrzej Bobola Church
- Town hall from 1879
- Town houses
traffic
The Świecie nad Wisłą station is the beginning of the largely disused Świecie nad Wisłą – Złotów railway line . The closest passenger station is Terespol Pomorski station, which is located in the municipality. There the line to Złotów crosses the Chorzów – Tczew line .
local community
The urban-and-rural community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Świecie covers an area of 174.8 km² and is divided into the city, 13 villages with school boards and other small towns.
Sister cities and municipalities
Personalities
Sons of the city
- Gustav Adolf Ferdinand Heinrich Leo (1779–1840), Vice President of the royal government in Poznan and honorary citizen of Gdansk
- Leopold von Winter (1823–1893), administrative lawyer, longtime Lord Mayor of Danzig
- Eduard Rochlitz (1829–1904), engineer and university professor
- Oskar Cassel (1849–1923), Prussian politician and chairman of the Association of German Jews
- Bernhard Wuermeling (1854–1937), German politician
- Martin Jacobi (1865–1919), composer
- Bernhard Schnackenburg (1867–1924), Mayor of Altona
- Gottfried Frey (1871–1952), hygienist, ministerial official and writer (pseudonym Ernst Wolfhart )
- Oskar Loerke (1884–1941), writer, editor, reviewer
- Kurt Pentzlin (1903–1989), economist and politician
- Bruno Mondi (1903–1991), cameraman
- Nikolaus Christoph von Halem (1905–1944), lawyer, businessman, resistance fighter against National Socialism
- Heinz Pentzlin (1908–1986), journalist and author
- Rolf Alfred Stein (1911–1999), Tibetologist
- Hans Birnbaum (1912–1980), lawyer, ministerial official and manager
- Günther Radusch (1912–1988), officer
- Günther Neske (1913–1997), publisher
- Ehrenfried Weidemann (1914–1998), German politician
- Bernhard Gelderblom (* 1943), German historian
- Wiesław Śmigiel (* 1969), Polish clergyman, Bishop of Thorn
- Paweł Paczkowski (* 1993), handball player.
Personalities associated with the city
- Heinrich the Elder of Plauen (1370–1429), from 1407 to 1410 Commander of Schwetz
- Friedrich Hoffmann (1820–1863), psychiatrist, director of the sanatorium
- Alfred Beyer (1885–1961), from 1912 to 1919 prison doctor at the Provincial Sanatorium and Nursing Institution in Schwetz
- Franz Bulitta (1900–1974), pastor, clergyman and episcopal commissioner
- Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld (1902–1944), farmer, reserve officer and resistance fighter against National Socialism.
literature
- Ernst Bahr: Schwetz . In: Handbook of historical sites , East and West Prussia. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 208-209.
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia. Marienwerder 1789, p. 72, No. 3 ( online ).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 386, No. 18 ( online ).
- Richard Wagner: A Pomeranian Duchy and a Teutonic Order Komthurei. Cultural history of the Schwetzer Kreis edited from archival and other sources. A contribution to the documented history of Germanness in West Prussia, as well as to the knowledge of the antiquities of this part of the country, with numerous illustrations and as yet unprinted historical documents . Volume 1: Until 1466. Posen 1872 ( e-copy ).
Web links
- Homepage of the city of Świecie
- Current photos of the city of Świecie / Schwetz and the castle. Founded at the time of the Teutonic Order
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia. Marienwerder 1789, p. 72, No. 3.
- ↑ a b c Ernst Bahr: Schwetz . In: Handbook of historical places : East and West Prussia. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 208-209.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 18, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 210.
- ↑ Volker van der Locht: The beginning of "euthanasia" in the east. (pdf). Newsletter of the AG Bund der “Euthanasie” -vage and Forced Sterilization; accessed October 15, 2015.
- ^ Siegfried Lenz: Tears have no nationality. Germans in camps in western Poland 1945–1949 . Norderstedt 2007, ISBN 978-3-8334-8082-9 , pp. 55-57 (restricted preview).
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell, Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T-Z. Halle 1823, pp. 379–380, item 668.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss: Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 386, No. 18.
- ^ Friedrich Christoph Förster: Statistical-topographical-historical overview of the Prussian state. Berlin / Leipzig 1838, p. 96.
- ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 566.
- ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 54-55, item 9.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of West Prussia, district of Schwetz. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ The Big Brockhaus. 15th edition, Volume 17. Leipzig 1934, p. 174.