Pilgrimage Church Heiligenblut (Lower Austria)
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The pilgrimage church of Heiligenblut to the holy Andreas is a late Gothic hall church with a late baroque south tower. The north-east facing Roman Catholic parish church is located in the Heiligenblut district of Mannersdorf in the municipality of Raxendorf in the Melk district in Lower Austria .
The pilgrimage church is consecrated to the Apostle Andreas and belongs to the Deanery Spitz of the Diocese of Sankt Pölten and is under monument protection according to the ordinance of the Federal Monuments Office ( list entry ).
The church is located on the L81 after the junction of the L7217, which leads to the center of Mannersdorf. It is surrounded in the north by the L7217, in the south by the rectory and in the east by the original chapel.
history
Two settlement periods of the early Middle Ages left their mark on the southern Waldviertel : The Slavs penetrated from the Danube valley , which they had reached at the end of the 6th century / beginning of the 7th century, into the northern forest to settle there; settlers migrated in the Frankish times from Bavaria into the area belonging to the Duchy of Bavaria . and set up a mark with which Leopold I from Babenberg was enfeoffed in 976 .
The new Mark Ostarrichi belonged to the Diocese of Passau , which was the regional church (mother church) of the Austrian Danube region. From here missionaries spread the Christian faith in the southern Waldviertel. An important traffic route to the north led through the Weitental, where the Grafschaft Weitenegg (today the cadastral community of Leiben ) developed in the catchment area of the Weitenbach in the 11th century . Several larger and smaller castles were built and the county received its parish center in wide areas . This place and the church were founded in 1050. This year in Roman numerals is located above a niche next to the high altar of the church from Weiten, in which the chalice and monstrance were previously kept.
Parish history
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In 1411 a chapel was built on a path between Weiten and the Spitzer Graben outside of any local area. The reason for the unusual location at this time is shown in the founding deed, the work “Hippolytus II” in the diocesan archive in St. Pölten and the text “Das Donauländchen der kaiserl. royal Patrimonial rule in the Obermannhartsberg district in Lower Austria. Described geographically and historically ”, by Johann Anton Friedrich Reil , with a host miracle that is said to have occurred at this point. This "original chapel" quickly became a popular destination for pilgrims and the stream of pilgrims was so great that the construction of a church right next to the chapel began.
Up to the year 1891, the history of the parish in Heiligenblut is identical to that of the parish founded in 1050 as an independent parish of the Diocese of Passau. "Heiligplut" was first mentioned in 1428 as a church from wide. In 1432, Bishop Leonhard von Passau transferred the patronage rights to the Vilshofen monastery in order to provide it with additional income. Vogtherren of the parish of Weiten and its branches were the lords of the Mollenburg , whose owners were the lords of Ebersdorf (today the cadastral community of Leiben). In 1462 Albrecht von Ebersdorf asked Propst Athan of the Vilshofen monastery to have a chaplain for the parish branches . The regulation of a chaplain for Heiligenblut, who had his seat in Weiten, did not survive the beginnings of the Reformation .
Heiligenblut was not only under the influence of the lords of Mollenburg, but also that of the lords of Oberranna and Pöggstall , where the lords of Rogendorf had their seat.
At the turn of the year 1577/78, the Catholic reformer Melchior Khlesl was a guest at the Mollenburg to promote the Counter-Reformation together with Caspar von Lindegg, who remained Catholic . It was not until the 17th century that the sources report that Heiligenblut belonged to the Weitener Filialsprengel of Raxendorf, from which essential parish functions were performed.
Until the time of Joseph II, Heiligenblut was a branch church from Weiten. In 1784 Heiligenblut became its own locality and in 1891 received the parish title.
The pilgrimage church
Building history
Since a chaplain was requested for Heiligenblut in 1462, a part of the church building that was suitable for holding church services must have already existed at that time. It was the choir that was completed in the second quarter of the 15th century. Worship services were documented from this time. Between 1480 and 1494, the nave was built with the support of the Lords of Rogendorf . When the parish was founded, the south tower was added instead of a smaller tower on the north side in 1784. Around the same time, the baroque west gallery was built across the entire width of the nave, including the two western pillars.
In the years 1898 to 1900, the church was extensively restored.
The last major restoration followed in 2008 to 2011 in preparation for the 600th anniversary celebrations that took place in 2011.
In the first phase, part of the rectory garden was lowered and redesigned in 2008. This enabled the west portal to be exposed and a spacious church square with barrier-free access to the church created. Inside, the damaged slab floor was renewed and the still usable old slabs were laid in the choir. In the course of the renovation of the substructure, the electric heating received new lines. The portals were renovated and new gates were added.
In 2009 the sanctuary of the chancel took place in the second restoration phase. After the walls and ceilings had been cleaned and the cracks cemented, the pattern of the ashlar masonry on the walls was renewed and the stencil painting along the vault ribs was restored. The colorful stencil painting around the high altar, which can be up to two meters high, has been revitalized.
The third phase in 2010 was dedicated to the renovation of the nave. Here, too, the painting was renovated. The floor on the gallery including the substructure was removed and a new floor was laid. The woodworm infestation was fought by fumigation and then the restored and partly renewed stalls could be put up again and the cleaned and reworked side altars, statues of saints and pictures of the Stations of the Cross brought into place.
In the fourth and last phase, the cleaning and restoration of the high altar took place in 2011, as well as the purchase of a new popular altar with a matching ambo .
Building description
Outside
The nave with two-lane, pointed-arched tracery windows of different heights has a steep gable roof. There are buttresses with profiled water hammer on the facade . At the nave includes the northeast of the little stretch and lower choir with hipped gable roof on that of a Celtic cross is crowned. The roofs have small sheet metal dormers . The choir with a three-eighth end and three-lane pointed arched windows with rich tracery rises above a profiled circumferential plinth. A circumferential profiled and protruding sill cornice runs below the windows. The wall of the choir is reinforced by stepped buttresses, which have monopitch roofs in the lower part and are provided with curved triangular gables in the upper corner. In the north there is a buttress covered by a desk.
On the smooth west facade, a pointed arch niche with a ribbed, profiled wall conceals a rectangular portal, which was uncovered in 2008 and made barrier-free.
To the south of the nave stands the tower, which was added in 1784 and which partially covers one of the tracery windows and is accessed through a basket arch portal in the south. On the ground floor there is a barred rectangular window on the east side and another rectangular window on the upper floor above the portal. In the west and east, next to the arched sound windows, the clock faces of the tower clock are attached. The steep tent roof, which barely towers above the gable of the nave, rises above a protruding profiled eaves cornice and is crowned by a simple patriarchal cross, the upper beam of which is almost as long as the lower one.
To the north of the choir is a two-storey sacristy extension with rectangular windows and a pent roof, which was changed around 1900 .
Inside
The nave from the fourth quarter of the 15th century has three four-bay naves . It was originally planned and started as a two-aisled hall. The steep vaults of the same width, formerly designated “1494” , rest on slender six-sided pillars above plinths. The central nave has a two-line ribbed vault, in the side aisles there are cross-ribbed vaults, which start from high-seated polygonal consoles .
The transition from the nave to the choir is formed by a pointed, profiled triumphal arch . Above its apex, the east wall with profiled ribs, the continuation of which can be seen on the roof structure and which diverge at an acute angle, recedes slightly.
The two-bay choir with three-eighths closure from the second quarter of the 15th century is slightly lower and wider than the central nave. It is closed by a six-part star rib vault with two carved keystones showing the face of Christ and a rose. The vault rests on flat wall templates with supervisory round services . The two middle vault ribs end on overhanging wall projections with double bulge bases and grooved octagonal bases. The others end at the level of the sill cornice, which is stepped towards the west and which surrounds the end and a yoke.
A wide range of neo-Gothic stencil painting frames the star and mesh ribs of the vaults in the nave and choir.
A round arch portal with a fluted reveal forms the entrance to the sacristy. Above the portal is a wide oratorio window with a neo-Gothic frame in a large pointed arch over a strongly protruding sill. The sacristy has a flat ceiling from 1903, the ribs of the former vault have been preserved in the west and north-east.
The baroque western gallery from the second half of the 18th century is built over three round arches including the western pillars. It is arched under a square and has a parapet protruding semicircularly in the middle .
Furnishing
Altars
The high altar from around 1730 has a sculptural structure made of marbled wood with a round arched niche that is flanked by columns. The altar extension is supported by moving entablature . In the central niche flanked by Mary and John are shown Christ on the cross, the kneeling St. Mary Magdalene and two angels. The angel on the left collects the blood from the side wound in a goblet. On the side there are statues of Saints Peter and Paul on volute plinths and a statue of Saint Andrew in the extract .
Two similar side altars are located as flat wall structures from the end of the 17th century on the front sides of the side aisles. Each has an altar leaf flanked by columns in a round arch frame and an extension with a blown gable . In each of the gables there is a base with a host and an IHS attached above in the halo. The left altar shows St. Barbara in the altar sheet and St. Michael in the excerpt , the right one in the altar sheet the Mater Dolorosa and in the excerpt the coronation of Mary .
Another altar, the Rogendorfer Altar , was also part of the furnishings until 1874. Archduke Franz Karl sold it to Ambras Palace , from where it came to the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere in Vienna, where it is exhibited.
Sacrament House
Diagonally to the left in front of the high altar is an approximately eight-meter-high, slim sacrament house from the late 15th century made of filigree sandstone. The tabernacle emerges from the wall as a triangle above a profiled base with a shaft. The three rectangular openings of the tabernacle are provided with forged late Gothic iron bars, which are executed in openwork different ornamentation . Statuettes of Maria and Elisabeth are located under delicate canopies on the side of the central niche . The tabernacle has a high, three-sided structure made of slender, filigree half-columns with canopies and pointed turrets. At the top there is a statue of the Man of Sorrows , which is crowned by a slender final pyramid.
Stained glass
The glazed church windows of the choir have late Gothic stained glass that were restored in 1910 and 1961.
A large medallion of the Miracle of the Host from the second / third quarter of the 15th century in the southeast window shows the Man of Sorrows with a host in the upper half . He is flanked by Maria with the child and St. George killing the dragon. In the lower half, Saints Martin and Erasmus are flanked on the left by Saint Stephen and John the Baptist and on the right by Saints Peter and Paul. The round picture has a frame band on which angels are depicted with hosts.
The south-western choir window shows the following representations under an arched end with a finial crown in four superimposed groups with three rectangular picture elements each:
- First group of three: Christ on the cross flanked by Mary with the child and John.
- Second group of three: Saint Andrew between a fragment of a protective cloak from the beginning of the 16th century and two donors, labeled "1458" .
- Third group of three: Christ on the cross flanked by Mary and John from around 1475.
- Fourth group of three: Two small Renaissance coat of arms medallions, donated by Christoph von Lindegg, Mollenburg, keeper of Pöchlarn and his wife Maria Magdalena, inscribed with “1593” and “1584” . The medallions are flanked by Saints James the Elder and Thomas .
A glass painting from around 1910 shows King David and Moses at the end .
Georg Lieger donated Eduard Kratzmann's nave windows. The window in the left aisle from 1901 depicts Saints George and John the Baptist. In the right aisle is a figural stained glass window with representations of Saint Andrew and Maria Immaculate .
Other equipment
The chancel and the nave are decorated with ornamental wall and ceiling paintings as well as imitation brickwork, which is labeled "Herm (ann) Breiteneder 1899" and was restored at the beginning of the 21st century.
A votive picture with three saints on the south wall of the choir is reminiscent of a major fire in Pöggstall in 1687. It is labeled "1687" and was renovated in 1821. Two of the three saints are saints Florian and Leopold . On the sacristy door there is an iron door ring from the late 15th century in openwork with a rose window.
A picture of Archangel Michael from the beginning of the 18th century hangs in a round arch frame on the south wall of the nave . A 19th-century depiction of Christ on the Mount of Olives is on the north wall. The Stations of the Cross are from 1901.
The font was made in 1908. The former baroque font on an octagonal base with a fluted bowl serves as a holy water font . The chandeliers are from the 19th century, the pews were made around 1900, the dining rack probably dates from the end of the 18th century and some of the candlesticks from the 18th century.
Five sculptures complete the equipment. A Sacred Heart statue from around 1914, three baroque sculptures from the middle of the 18th century, namely a Saint Joseph with the child and two victims of the persecution of Christians under the Roman Emperor Diocletian , Saints Florian and Sebastian. The fifth statue was donated in 1901 and represents Saint Anthony of Padua.
organ
The organ was created by the organ builder Franz Horak from Zwettl in 1837. It has 10 registers , a manual , a brochure with four pipe fields and a simple housing.
The original chapel
The small, south-east oriented rectangular building with a semicircular apse was first mentioned in a document in 1411. It stands south of the pilgrimage church and was shortened by 1.60 meters on the north side in 1948 in order to increase the distance to the church and to make room for the road between the church and the chapel. In 1957 the road was relocated, which now runs south of the chapel.
The roof of the chapel is rounded to the south-east and carries a roof turret made of wood with a pyramid roof and a cross crown. The building has arched door and window openings. In the flat-roofed interior there is a small late Baroque glass shrine from the mid-18th century, framed by volute pilasters.
literature
- "Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria. Lower Austria north of the Danube. “Edited by Evelyn Benesch, Bernd Euler-Rolle u. a. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-7031-0652-2 , p. 702/703.
- Franz Eppel : The Waldviertel, its works of art, historical forms of life and settlement , Salzburg 1989, ISBN 3-900173-01-X
- Festschrift "600 years of the original chapel in Heiligenblut 1411–2011 / completion of the church restoration" ed. Association "Friends of the Pilgrimage Church Heiligenblut", without ISBN
- “The emperor's little Danube country. royal Patrimonial rule in the Obermannhartsberg district in Lower Austria. Described geographically and historically ", by Johann Anton Friedrich Reil , Vienna 1835 ( online in the Google book search)
See also
List of listed objects in Raxendorf
Web links
- Website of the Friends of the Heiligenblut Pilgrimage Church accessed on October 16, 2013
- Panorama of the interior of the church (also on screen size) from Niederoesterreicher-guide, accessed on October 16, 2013
- Pilgrimage Church of Heiligenblut from the website of the Raxendorf community, accessed on October 16, 2013
- Report about the pilgrimage church and the association "Friends of the pilgrimage church Heiligenblut" with photo album in the district sheets, accessed on October 16, 2013
Remarks
- ↑ Place and area names have a Slavic stem, such as "Feistritz (Wildbach)", "Robans", "Troibetsberg" or "Jauerling (javornik = Ahornberg)" .
- ↑ Place names with the ending “–ing” such as “Zeining” or “Klebing” have survived to this day.
- ↑ In 1096 as "witin" referred
- ↑ Before 1784 a small tower on the north side of the sacristy is assumed. (Festschrift p. 20)
- ↑ The inscription reads: "To his parents Andreas and Maria gew.vd honorary citizen Georg Lieger 1902" .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Festschrift p. 3
- ↑ "The Danube Country"
- ↑ Festschrift p. 4/5
- ↑ Festschrift p. 19
- ↑ Festschrift p. 9
- ↑ a b Dehio p. 702
- ↑ Dehio p. 703/704, Festschrift S 7
Coordinates: 48 ° 19 ′ 27.5 ″ N , 15 ° 16 ′ 31.2 ″ E