William IV (Orange)
Wilhelm Carl Heinrich Friso (born September 1, 1711 in Leeuwarden ; † October 22, 1751 in Huis ten Bosch ) was Wilhelm IV. Prince of Orange and Nassau . From 1747 to 1751 he was inheritance holder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands .
Life
He was the son of Johann Wilhelm Friso , Prince of Nassau-Dietz and governor of Friesland , and his wife Marie Luise von Hessen-Kassel . His father drowned while crossing a boat seven weeks before his son was born. The newborn was therefore already his heir in Friesland and in the Principality of Nassau-Dietz.
Through his father he also had inheritance claims to the continental titles and lands of the English-Scottish king and Dutch governor Wilhelm III, who died in 1702 . of Orange , in particular the sovereign Principality of Orange and the extensive land holdings of the Orange in the Netherlands, since Wilhelm III. had appointed his father as the sole heir in his will. As early as 1702, however, the paternal inheritance claims were challenged by Friedrich I of Prussia and Prince Wilhelm Hyacinth of Nassau-Siegen , who themselves raised claims to the estate of the last Orange. It was not until the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 that a regulation was established: the lands of the Principality of Orange fell to France and Wilhelm was only given the formal title of Prince of Orange; henceforth he called himself Prince of Orange-Nassau and accordingly his principality Nassau around the seat of government Dietz "Principality of Orange-Nassau". Prussia received the upper quarters of the Duchy of Geldern (with the exception of Austrian Geldern ), and most of the private fortunes of the extinct Orange main line also fell to the Prussian king, as he was more closely related to the Orange than the princes of Nassau-Dietz. Friedrich Wilhelm I , the soldier king, ceded the castles Huis ten Bosch and Het Loo to Wilhelm IV in 1732 .
In 1711 he had inherited Nassau-Hadamar and in 1734, when the Nassau-Siegen line died out with Friedrich Wilhelm II , the Principality of Nassau-Siegen , which he united with his "Principality" (Orange) Nassau-Dietz. In 1739 he also inherited Nassau-Dillenburg . He thus reunited all imperial German and Dutch possessions of the house and was the first to bear the title of Prince of Orange and Nassau . He administered the home countries through a German cabinet. Since 1742 there was a central administration in Dillenburg .
From 1747 to 1751 he was elected governor of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, after the death of Wilhelm III. the office remained vacant.
According to him, Orange County named in Virginia.
progeny
In 1734 Wilhelm IV married Anna of England (1709–1759), daughter of George II , King of Great Britain.
- nameless (male) (December 1734 - December 1734), Prince of Orange-Nassau
- nameless (female) (* / † December 19, 1735 - stillborn)
- nameless (female) (* December 22, 1739; † December 26, 1739), she was buried in the crypt of the Jacobijnerkerk in Leeuwarden
- Karoline (* 1743, † 1787), Princess of Orange-Nassau and regent of the governor of Friesland from 1765 to 1766, ⚭ 1760 Karl Christian von Nassau-Weilburg (1735–1788),
- Anna Maria (November 15, 1746 - December 29, 1746), Princess of Orange-Nassau. She was baptized on November 27, 1746 in Leeuwarden.
- Wilhelm V (1748–1806)
literature
- Fred Jagtenberg: Willem IV. Stadhouder in roerige tijden, 1711–1751. Vantilt: Nijmegen, 2018, ISBN 978-94-6004-365-9
- Uwe Schögl (Red.): Orange. 500 years of portraits of a dynasty from the portrait collection of the Austrian National Library, Vienna and the Dutch Royal Collection The Hague. (Exhibition from February 1 to March 19, 2002, Camineum of the Austrian National Library, Vienna). Austrian National Library et al., Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-01-000028-6 , p. 96.
Web links
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Johann Wilhelm Friso |
Prince of Nassau-Dietz from 1713 "Prince of Oranien-Nassau" 1711–1751 |
Wilhelm V. |
Johann Wilhelm Friso |
Count of Vianden Lord of Breda 1711–1751 |
Wilhelm V. |
Friedrich Wilhelm II. |
Prince of Nassau-Siegen 1734–1751 |
Wilhelm V. |
William III. |
Governor of the Netherlands 1747–1751 |
Wilhelm V. |
personal data | |
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SURNAME | William IV |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | William IV Prince of Orange; Wilhelm Carl Heinrich Friso |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prince of Nassau |
DATE OF BIRTH | September 1, 1711 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Leeuwarden |
DATE OF DEATH | October 22, 1751 |
Place of death | Huis ten Bosch |