Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz

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Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer, 1891
Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer is named on the roll of honor for former students of the Theodorianum high school in Paderborn. (Left side, 3rd name from the top)

Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried Waldeyer , from 1917 by Waldeyer-Hartz , (born October 6, 1836 in Hehlen / Weser, † January 23, 1921 in Berlin ) was a German anatomist .

academic career

Wilhelm Waldeyer put his Abitur at the Gymnasium Theodorianum in Paderborn and then studied at the University of Goettingen , first mathematics and natural sciences . Encouraged by the lecture and presentation by Jakob Henles , whose lectures he attended on the side, he switched to medicine . In 1858/59 he went to Greifswald as an assistant to Julius Budges. His studies he completed at the University of Berlin , where he at the anatomist Karl Reichert Bogislaus 1861 with a thesis on the clavicle doctorate was and then passed her state exam.

Edwin Klebs got him an assistant position at the Physiological Institute of the University of Königsberg . Here Waldeyer, who had already acquired extensive knowledge of pathological anatomy in Greifswald, was entrusted with the examination of pathological objects and soon also carried out the clinical autopsies at the Königsberg hospitals. He also taught general practitioners in pathological anatomy.

At the strictly Protestant faculty, however, the Catholic Waldeyer was not allowed to do his habilitation. So in 1862 he moved to the University of Breslau in the Physiological Institute of Rudolf Heidenhains , where he was immediately left to look after the pathological field of work. As in Königsberg, he carried out clinical autopsies and was active in teaching. In 1864 Waldeyer qualified as a professor for anatomy and physiology in Breslau. There he also devoted himself to diagnosing tumors . His most famous patient was Emperor Friedrich III. , diagnosed with cancer of the throat .

Due to Rudolf Virchow's influence on German teaching administration, the first separate chairs for pathological anatomy were created in those years. In 1865, Waldeyer was appointed associate professor for pathological anatomy in Breslau. As an associate professor , he had neither a chair nor his own institute, but had to be content with five rooms in a private house for his demonstrations. He held lectures in the zoologists' lecture hall and did his research in the Physiological Institute. After initial difficulties, Waldeyer finally supervised all autopsies in the four large hospitals in Wroclaw. In 1867 the extraordinary office was converted into a full office, and in 1871 more suitable rooms were found.

In 1872 Waldeyer accepted a position at the newly founded University of Strasbourg and was given a chair in anatomy. Eleven years later, Waldeyer left Strasbourg to take over the Berlin Anatomical Institute. There he devoted himself mainly to anatomical training, for 33 years as head of the department for systematic and topographical anatomy. In 1917, already 80 years old, he resigned from this office, was promoted to hereditary nobility and took the name of his maternal Hartz family. In 1879 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

From 1898 to 1899 he was rector of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin . In the years 1893 to 1894, 1897 to 1899, 1901 to 1902 and 1905 to 1910 he was deputy chairman of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory , in the years 1892, 1896, 1900 and 1903 to 1904 he was and was chairman 1909 its honorary member. In 1884 he was elected a full member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . Since 1896 he was a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1900 he was chairman of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors . In 1904 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences ; its membership was canceled by the academy in 1915. In 1905 he was accepted as an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , and in 1909 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences . In 1916 he received the Cothenius Medal of the Leopoldina.

Scientific achievements

The list of his works is long and very varied. Among other things, the name neuron for a nerve cell goes back to him; as early as 1881 he suspected the nerve cell to be the basic functional unit of the nervous system . In 1888 he coined the term chromosome to describe the structures in the cell nucleus . The functional interpretation and elucidation of the embryonic origin of the lymphatic pharyngeal ring is also thanks to Waldeyer, after whom this structure was named.

As a pathologist, he classified cancer cells and suggested the development of cancer in a cell and its spread via the blood and lymphatic systems.

Fonts

  • Auditory nerve and snail . 1872.
  • The pelvis: topographical-anatomical with special consideration of surgery and gynecology . Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1899. Digitized
  • with Johann Georg Joessel : textbook on topographical-surgical anatomy including surgical exercises on the corpse for students and doctors. Second part. The chest - the stomach - the pelvis. Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1899. Digitized
  • On the history of anatomical teaching in Berlin. Speaking at the commemoration of the founder of the Berlin University of King Friedrich Wilhelm III in the auditorium of the same held on 3 August 1899 by Wilhelm Waldeyer . August Hirschwald, Berlin 1899 Archives
  • The sex cells . In: Oscar Hertwig : Handbook of the comparative and experimental evolutionary history of vertebrates. First volume, first part, first half, pp. 86–476, published 1901–1903, Gustav Fischer, Jena 1906 digitized
  • Darwin's teaching, its current status and its scientific and cultural significance . Berlin [u. a.] 1909 (from: Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 1909, No. 8. 15 p.) in: Anthology Wa 40 635. Darwin's teaching . 1909.
  • Life memories. Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1920.
  • Life memories . 2nd edition, Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1921. Digitized
  • Selected bibliographical references from the holdings of the academy library

Trivia

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Raised to the hereditary nobility, with part of the name after the family of his mother Wilhelmine Waldeyer, b. von Hartz , see Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz: Lebenserinnerungen. Verlag Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1921, ISBN 3-846-09889-2 , p. 1; see also the Peine family association .
  2. ^ List of former members since 1666: Letter W. Académie des sciences, accessed on March 13, 2020 (French).
  3. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed April 19, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Waldeyer-Hartz, Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Waldeyer, Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried (maiden name); Waldeyer-Hartz, Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German anatomist
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1836
PLACE OF BIRTH Caves
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 1921
Place of death Berlin