49th century BC Chr.

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The 49th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 4900th And ended on December 31, 4801 BC. This corresponds to the period from 6850 to 6751 before today .

Age, epoch

• Middle Atlantic (AT2 - 5050 to 4550 BC). Warm climatic area with elevated sea ​​level .
• The Neolithic subpluvial (7500 to 3500 BC) brings a humid climate to North Africa and makes the Sahara green.
• Middle Neolithic (5000 to 4500 BC) in Central Europe .

Events

Crater Lake with Wizard Island, remnants of the giant eruption of Mount Mazama

• 4900 BC Chr .:
  • The Goseck district moat , one of the oldest solar observatories in the world, is being built in Saxony-Anhalt . Its astronomical orientation was for the year 4800 BC. Designed.
• Around 4895 BC Chr .:
  • Eruption of Mount Mazama ( Oregon ) with a strength ( VEI ) of 7. The eruption is however in the GISP - ice core with 5677 (± 150) years BC. Dated as much older.
• 4850 BC Chr .:
  • Best year of growth of the long-lived jaw in the bristle jaw chronology at the beginning of the Elderly Peron-Transgression .

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Halaf culture (5500 to 5000 BC, also 5200 to 4500 BC) - late stage
• The Samarra culture (5500 to 4800 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - late phase (5000 to 4800 BC) - disappears at the end of the century
• Obed period (5500 to 3500 BC) - Obed II
• The settlement area of Hacılar Höyük in Turkey (7030 to 4800 BC) - layer I - is coming to an end
• Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III

The current remains of Eridu

• Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq C
• Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 22-20
• Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 19-15, temple construction phases XV-XII
• Byblos in Lebanon - late Neolithic (5300 to 4500 BC)
• Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Tappa Gaura 20
• Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3
• Susiana (5500 to 4400 BC) in Iran
• The settlement of Tepe Sabz (5200 to 4800 BC) in Iran is coming to an end
• Haggi Mohammed (5000 to 4500 BC) in Turkey
• Can Hasan (4900 to 4500 BC) in Turkey

Cultures in South Asia

• Mehrgarh (7000 to 2600/2000 BC) in Balochistan - Mehrgarh II (5500 to 4800 BC)
• Namazgadepe (5300 to 1700 BC) in Turkmenistan - Namazgadepe II (until 4300 BC)

Cultures in East Asia

• China :
  • Laoguantai culture (6000 to 3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Chengbeixi culture (5800-4700 BC) in Hubei
  • Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • The Xinle culture (5500-4800 BC) in Liaoning disappears at the end of the century
  • Beixin Culture (5400-4400 BC)
  • Qingliangang culture (5400 to 4400 BC)
  • Hemudu culture (5200 to 4500 BC, later dating 5000 to 3300 BC), Zhejiang
  • Tangjiagang culture (5050 to 4450 BC) on the middle Yangtze River
  • Baiyangcun culture (5000 to 3700 BC, is also dated to more recent: 3000 to 1700 BC), Yunnan
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
• Korea :
  • Early Jeulmun period (6000 to 3500 BC).
• Japan :
  • Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BC) - earliest Jōmon period - Jōmon II (8,000 to 4,000 BC)

Cultures in Europe

• Northeast Europe :
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC) (but radiocarbon dating : 5600 to 2300 BC).
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC).
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC).
• Eastern Europe :
  • Chwalynsk culture (5200 to 4500 BC) in Russia .
  • Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) in Kazakhstan , Russia and Ukraine.
  • Dnepr-Don culture (5000 to 4000 BC) in Ukraine and Russia.
• Southeast Europe :
  • Sesklo culture (6850 to 4400 BC) in northern Greece .
  • Karanovo cultures (6200 to 4000 BC) in southern Bulgaria - Karanowo V, early Copper Age (4950 to 4500 BC).
  • Danilo Hvar culture (5500 to 4000 BC) in Croatia .
  • Vinča culture (5400 to 4500 BC) (or Danube civilization) in Serbia , western Romania, southern Hungary and eastern Bosnia .

The Goseck district moat , built around 4900 BC. By band ceramists

• Central Europe :
  • Band ceramic culture (5600 to 4100 BC) in France , Belgium , Germany , Austria , Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia , Hungary , Romania and Ukraine .
  • Tisza culture (5120 to 4490 BC) in Hungary.
  • Ertebølle culture (5100 to 4100 BC) in Denmark and northern Germany .
  • Swifterbant culture (5000-3400 v. Chr.) In the Netherlands , Belgium and Lower Saxony (in the Netherlands, they dated from 5700 to 4100 v. Chr.).
  • The menhir culture (5000 to 4800 BC) in southwest Germany expires towards the end of the century.
  • Beginning of the Lengyel culture (4900 to 3950 BC) in Hungary, Austria and the Czech Republic.
  • The stitched ceramics (4900 to 4500 BC) appear in Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria.
  • Southeast Bavarian Middle Neolithic (5000 to 4600 BC) in Bavaria - SOB I (approx. 5000 to 4800 BC).
  • Beginning of the Großgartach culture (4900 to 4700 BC) in southwest Germany.
• Southern Europe :
  • Malta - Għar Dalam phase (5000 to 4500 BC).

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period .
  • Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán (Mexico)
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Middle Pre-Ceramic (7000 to 4000 BC) in northern Chile. Lower Alto Barranco and Alto Aguada along the Pacific coast and Rinconada in the hinterland.
  • Las Vegas Culture in Ecuador (8000 to 4600 BC)

Individual evidence

1. ^ François Bertemes , Peter F. Biehl, Andreas Northe, Olaf Schröder: The neolithic circular moat of Goseck, district of Weißenfels . In: Archeology in Saxony-Anhalt . NF Vol. 2, 2004, pp. 137-145 .
2. ↑ Zdanowicz, CM, Zielinski, GA and Germani, MS: Mount Mazama eruption; calendrical age verified and atmospheric impact assessed . In: Geology . tape 27 (7) , 1999, pp. 621-624 .