50th century BC Chr.

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The 50th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 5000th And ended on December 31, 4901 BC. This corresponds to the period 6950 to 6851 before today .

Age, epoch

• Middle Atlantic ( AT2 - 5050 to 4550 BC). Warm climate section.
• The Neolithic subpluvial (7500 to 3900 BC, weakened to 3500 BC) brings a humid climate to North Africa and makes the Sahara green.
• The Neolithic subpluvial finds its first accentuation in the Older Peron Transgression (beginning at 5000 to 4900 BC), which causes the sea ​​level to rise 2.5 to 4 meters above the average level of the 20th century .
• Transition from the Early Neolithic to the Middle Neolithic (5000 to 4500 BC) in Central Europe .

Developments, inventions and discoveries

Flower and fruit of the bottle gourd

• Around 5000 BC Chr .:
  • The continuing rise in sea levels leads to the final separation of Tasmania from the Australian continent.
  • First evidence of settlement history in Southeast Asia ( Thailand ).
  • In the Nile Valley to nomadic tribes let down.
  • Irrigated agriculture in Mesopotamia . Creation of an ideographic script .
  • Late Neolithic in Byblos . Evidenced by ceramics , stone vessels, granaries , burial chambers and seals .
  • In Mesopotamia, the wheel (wooden discs with an axle hole) appears under the Halaf culture .
  • Under the Hemudu culture , rice is cultivated on a larger scale in China for the first time (wet culture) - beginning of the Neolithic (5000 to 2000 BC) A little later, rice is also grown in the Gangestal valley in northern India and in the rest of Southeast Asia.
  • Beginning of agriculture in Japan . Cultivation of calabashes .
  • The cultivation of calabashes, which are mainly used as vessels, spreads from Mesoamerica along the east coast of North America .
  • Agriculture spreading from the Middle East reaches the Atlantic coast of Europe. Beginning of the Neolithic on the Iberian Peninsula .
  • In Tehuacántal in Mexico are corn and gourds ( Lagenaria siceraria ) grown.
  • Beginning of agricultural methods also in the Amazon basin , but only to a very limited extent.
  • Use of metallurgical processes during the Copper Age in Europe. Copper and gold artifacts .
  • The origins of Proto-Indo -European are possibly to be suspected in the Samara culture .

Cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site .

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Samarra culture (5500 to 4800 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - late phase (5000 to 4800 BC)
• End of the Halaf culture (5500 to 5000 BC, also 5200 to 4500 BC)
• Obed Period (5500 to 3500 BC) - Obed I.
• Hacılar Höyük in Turkey (7030 to 4800 BC) - Layer I.
• Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
• Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq C
• Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 22-20
• Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 19-15
• Byblos - Late Neolithic (5300 to 4500 BC)
• Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Tappa Gaura 20
• Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3
• Susiana (5500 to 4400 BC) in Iran - Susiana B and C
• Tepe Sabz (5200 to 4800 BC) in Iran
• Haggi Mohammed (5000 to 4500 BC) in Turkey

Terracotta vessel from Hacılar, around 5000 BC Chr.

Cultures in South Asia

• Mehrgarh (7000 to 2600/2000 BC) in Balochistan - Mehrgarh II (5500 to 4800 BC) and Mehrgarh III (4800 to 3500 BC)
• Namazgadepe (5300 to 1700 BC) in Turkmenistan - Namazgadepe II (until 4300 BC)

Cultures in East Asia

• China :
  • Laoguantai culture (6000 to 3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Chengbeixi culture (5800-4700 BC) in Hubei
  • Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • The Peiligang culture (5600 to 4900 BC) in Henan disappears towards the end of the century
  • Xinle culture (5500 to 4800 BC) in Liaoning
  • Beixin Culture (5400-4400 BC)
  • Qingliangang culture (5400 to 4400 BC)
  • Hemudu culture (5200 to 4500 BC, later dating 5000 to 3300 BC), Zhejiang
  • Tangjiagang culture (5050 to 4450 BC) on the middle Yangtze River
  • Onset of the Baiyangcun culture (5000 to 3700 BC, is also dated later: 3000 to 1700 BC), in Yunnan and the
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), in central and northern China.
• Korea :
  • Early Jeulmun period (6000 to 3500 BC).
• Japan :
  • Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BC) - Earliest Jōmon period - Jōmon II (8,000 to 4,000 BC)

Cultures in Europe

• Kazakhstan and Eastern Europe ( Russia , Ukraine ):
  • The Bug-Dniester culture (6500 to 5000 BC) comes to an end.
  • Beginning of the Chwalynsk culture (5000 to 4500 BC) and the
  • Samara culture (around 5000 BC)
  • The Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) appear for the first time.
• Northeast Europe :
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC) (however radiocarbon dating : 5600 to 2300 BC)
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC)
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC).
• Southeast Europe :
  • Sesklo culture (6850 to 4400 BC) in northern Greece
  • Vinča culture (5400 to 4500 BC) (or Danube civilization) in Serbia , western Romania, southern Hungary and eastern Bosnia .
  • Danilo Hvar culture (5500 to 4000 BC) in Croatia .
  • Beginning of the Karanowo cultures (6200 to 4000 BC) in southern Bulgaria - Karanowo IV and V, late Neolithic and early Copper Age.

Band ceramic harvest knife, 5000 BC Chr.

• Central Europe :
  • Band ceramic culture (5600 to 4100 BC) in France , Belgium , Germany , Austria , Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia , Hungary , Romania and Ukraine
  • Notehead ceramics (5200 to 4700 BC) in Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary
  • Ertebølle culture (5100 to 4100 BC) in Denmark and northern Germany
  • Swifterbant culture (5000 to 3400 BC) in the Netherlands , Belgium, and Lower Saxony (in the Netherlands it dates from 5700 to 4100 BC)
  • First appearance of the menhir culture (5000 to 4800 BC) in southwest Germany - HST I and HST II
  • In Bavaria, the beginning of the Southeast Bavarian Middle Neolithic with the Bavarian stitch band ceramics (approx. 5000 to 4615 BC) - KG 1 to KG 5a
• Southern Europe :
  • The Għar Dalam phase (5000 to 4500 BC) sets in in Malta .

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period .
  • Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán (Mexico)
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Middle Pre-Ceramic (7000 to 4000 BC) in northern Chile. Lower Alto Barranco and Alto Aguada along the Pacific coast and Rinconada in the hinterland.
  • Las Vegas Culture in Ecuador (8000 to 4600 BC)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Smith, BD: Reassessing Coxcatlan Cave and the early history of domesticated plants in Mesoamerica . In: PNAS . tape 102 , no. 27 , 2005, pp. 9438-9445 .
2. ↑ Eibl, F .: The Bavarian group of stitch band ceramics and the Oberlauterbach group - on the state of research . In: Fines Transire . tape 20 , 2011, p. 79-100 .