50th century BC Chr.
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The 50th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 5000th And ended on December 31, 4901 BC. This corresponds to the period 6950 to 6851 before today .
Age, epoch
- Middle Atlantic ( AT2 - 5050 to 4550 BC). Warm climate section.
- The Neolithic subpluvial (7500 to 3900 BC, weakened to 3500 BC) brings a humid climate to North Africa and makes the Sahara green.
- The Neolithic subpluvial finds its first accentuation in the Older Peron Transgression (beginning at 5000 to 4900 BC), which causes the sea level to rise 2.5 to 4 meters above the average level of the 20th century .
- Transition from the Early Neolithic to the Middle Neolithic (5000 to 4500 BC) in Central Europe .
Developments, inventions and discoveries
- Around 5000 BC Chr .:
- The continuing rise in sea levels leads to the final separation of Tasmania from the Australian continent.
- First evidence of settlement history in Southeast Asia ( Thailand ).
- In the Nile Valley to nomadic tribes let down.
- Irrigated agriculture in Mesopotamia . Creation of an ideographic script .
- Late Neolithic in Byblos . Evidenced by ceramics , stone vessels, granaries , burial chambers and seals .
- In Mesopotamia, the wheel (wooden discs with an axle hole) appears under the Halaf culture .
- Under the Hemudu culture , rice is cultivated on a larger scale in China for the first time (wet culture) - beginning of the Neolithic (5000 to 2000 BC) A little later, rice is also grown in the Gangestal valley in northern India and in the rest of Southeast Asia.
- Beginning of agriculture in Japan . Cultivation of calabashes .
- The cultivation of calabashes, which are mainly used as vessels, spreads from Mesoamerica along the east coast of North America .
- Agriculture spreading from the Middle East reaches the Atlantic coast of Europe. Beginning of the Neolithic on the Iberian Peninsula .
- In Tehuacántal in Mexico are corn and gourds ( Lagenaria siceraria ) grown.
- Beginning of agricultural methods also in the Amazon basin , but only to a very limited extent.
- Use of metallurgical processes during the Copper Age in Europe. Copper and gold artifacts .
- The origins of Proto-Indo -European are possibly to be suspected in the Samara culture .
Cultures
Cultures in North Africa
- Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site .
Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East
- Samarra culture (5500 to 4800 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - late phase (5000 to 4800 BC)
- End of the Halaf culture (5500 to 5000 BC, also 5200 to 4500 BC)
- Obed Period (5500 to 3500 BC) - Obed I.
- Hacılar Höyük in Turkey (7030 to 4800 BC) - Layer I.
- Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
- Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq C
- Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 22-20
- Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 19-15
- Byblos - Late Neolithic (5300 to 4500 BC)
- Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Tappa Gaura 20
- Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3
- Susiana (5500 to 4400 BC) in Iran - Susiana B and C
- Tepe Sabz (5200 to 4800 BC) in Iran
- Haggi Mohammed (5000 to 4500 BC) in Turkey
Cultures in South Asia
- Mehrgarh (7000 to 2600/2000 BC) in Balochistan - Mehrgarh II (5500 to 4800 BC) and Mehrgarh III (4800 to 3500 BC)
- Namazgadepe (5300 to 1700 BC) in Turkmenistan - Namazgadepe II (until 4300 BC)
Cultures in East Asia
-
China :
- Laoguantai culture (6000 to 3000 BC), upper Yellow River
- Chengbeixi culture (5800-4700 BC) in Hubei
- Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
- The Peiligang culture (5600 to 4900 BC) in Henan disappears towards the end of the century
- Xinle culture (5500 to 4800 BC) in Liaoning
- Beixin Culture (5400-4400 BC)
- Qingliangang culture (5400 to 4400 BC)
- Hemudu culture (5200 to 4500 BC, later dating 5000 to 3300 BC), Zhejiang
- Tangjiagang culture (5050 to 4450 BC) on the middle Yangtze River
- Onset of the Baiyangcun culture (5000 to 3700 BC, is also dated later: 3000 to 1700 BC), in Yunnan and the
- Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), in central and northern China.
-
Korea :
- Early Jeulmun period (6000 to 3500 BC).
-
Japan :
- Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BC) - Earliest Jōmon period - Jōmon II (8,000 to 4,000 BC)
Cultures in Europe
-
Kazakhstan and Eastern Europe ( Russia , Ukraine ):
- The Bug-Dniester culture (6500 to 5000 BC) comes to an end.
- Beginning of the Chwalynsk culture (5000 to 4500 BC) and the
- Samara culture (around 5000 BC)
- The Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) appear for the first time.
-
Northeast Europe :
- Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC) (however radiocarbon dating : 5600 to 2300 BC)
- Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC)
- Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC).
-
Southeast Europe :
- Sesklo culture (6850 to 4400 BC) in northern Greece
- Vinča culture (5400 to 4500 BC) (or Danube civilization) in Serbia , western Romania, southern Hungary and eastern Bosnia .
- Danilo Hvar culture (5500 to 4000 BC) in Croatia .
- Beginning of the Karanowo cultures (6200 to 4000 BC) in southern Bulgaria - Karanowo IV and V, late Neolithic and early Copper Age.
-
Central Europe :
- Band ceramic culture (5600 to 4100 BC) in France , Belgium , Germany , Austria , Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia , Hungary , Romania and Ukraine
- Notehead ceramics (5200 to 4700 BC) in Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary
- Ertebølle culture (5100 to 4100 BC) in Denmark and northern Germany
- Swifterbant culture (5000 to 3400 BC) in the Netherlands , Belgium, and Lower Saxony (in the Netherlands it dates from 5700 to 4100 BC)
- First appearance of the menhir culture (5000 to 4800 BC) in southwest Germany - HST I and HST II
- In Bavaria, the beginning of the Southeast Bavarian Middle Neolithic with the Bavarian stitch band ceramics (approx. 5000 to 4615 BC) - KG 1 to KG 5a
-
Southern Europe :
- The Għar Dalam phase (5000 to 4500 BC) sets in in Malta .
Cultures in america
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North and Central America :
- Archaic period .
- Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán (Mexico)
-
South America :
- Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
- Middle Pre-Ceramic (7000 to 4000 BC) in northern Chile. Lower Alto Barranco and Alto Aguada along the Pacific coast and Rinconada in the hinterland.
- Las Vegas Culture in Ecuador (8000 to 4600 BC)
Individual evidence
- ^ Smith, BD: Reassessing Coxcatlan Cave and the early history of domesticated plants in Mesoamerica . In: PNAS . tape 102 , no. 27 , 2005, pp. 9438-9445 .
- ↑ Eibl, F .: The Bavarian group of stitch band ceramics and the Oberlauterbach group - on the state of research . In: Fines Transire . tape 20 , 2011, p. 79-100 .