47th century BC Chr.

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The 47th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 4700th And ended on December 31, 4601 BC. This corresponds to the period from 6650 to 6551 before today .

Time calculation

According to Pearson et al. a. (1986) the dendrochronologically calibrated radiocarbon ages for the 47th century fluctuate between 5785 and 5749 radiocarbon years. Between 4680 and 4630 BC However, the curve makes a very strong negative excursion. This excursion is also shown to be weakened for INTCAL98 (Stuiver, M. et al. 1998), whose values ​​for the century range between 5815 and 5750 radiocarbon years.

Developments, inventions and discoveries

• Middle Atlantic (AT2 - 5050 to 4550 BC).
• Middle Neolithic (5000 to 4500 BC) in Central Europe .
• 4700 BC Chr .:
  • The climax in the construction of the circular moat systems in Central Europe (around 100 systems in the period 4900 to 4700 BC) is exceeded.
  • First megalithic systems in Europe.
  • Establishment of Solnizata in Bulgaria , the first fortified urban settlement in Europe. Breakdown of salt .

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Halaf culture (5500 to 5000 BC, also 5200 to 4500 BC) - late stage
• Obed period (5500 to 3500 BC) - Obed II.
• Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
• Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq D
• Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 19-17
• Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 19-15, temple construction phases XV-XII
• Byblos in Lebanon - late Neolithic (5300 to 4500 BC)
• Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Tappa Gaura 19-18
• Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3
• Susiana (5500 to 4400 BC) in Iran - Susiana B
• Haggi Mohammed (5000 to 4500 BC) in Turkey
• Can Hasan (4900 to 4500 BC) in Turkey

Cultures in East Asia

• China :
  • Laoguantai culture (6000 to 3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Beixin Culture (5400-4400 BC)
  • Qingliangang culture (5400 to 4400 BC)
  • Hemudu culture (5200 to 4500 BC, later dating 5000 to 3300 BC), Zhejiang
  • Baiyangcun culture (5000 to 3700 BC, is also dated to more recent: 3000 to 1700 BC), Yunnan
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
  • Caiyuan culture (4800 to 3900 BC), northwest China ( Ningxia )
  • Majiabang culture (4750 to 3700 BC), Lower Yangtze River
  • Hongshan Culture (4700 to 2900 BC) in Northeast China
• Korea :
  • Early Jeulmun period (6000 to 3500 BC).
• Japan :
  • Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BC) - earliest Jōmon period - Jōmon II (8,000 to 4,000 BC)

Cultures in Europe

• Northeast Europe :
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC) (however radiocarbon dating : 5600 to 2300 BC)
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC)
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC)
• Eastern Europe :
  • Chwalynsk culture (5200 to 4500 BC) in Russia
  • Dnepr-Don culture (5000 to 4000 BC)
  • Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) in Kazakhstan and Eastern Europe
  • Lengyel culture (4900 to 3950 BC)
• Southeast Europe :
  • Sesklo culture (6850 to 4400 BC) in northern Greece
  • Vinča culture (5400 to 4500 BC) (or Danube civilization) in Serbia , western Romania, southern Hungary and eastern Bosnia .
  • Karanowo cultures in southern Bulgaria - Karanowo V, early Copper Age (4950 to 4500 BC)
  • Dimini culture (4800 to 4000 BC) in Thessaly
  • Cucuteni culture (4800 to 3200 BC) in Romania , Moldova , Ukraine : Pre-Cucuteni I-III (4800 to 4500 BC) or Tripolje A.
  • The Gumelniţa culture (4700 to 3700 BC) establishes itself in Romania and Moldova: Phase Gumelniţa A1 (4700 to 4350 BC)
• Central Europe :
  • Band ceramic culture (5600 to 4100 BC) in France , Belgium , Germany , Austria , Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia , Hungary , Romania and Ukraine
  • Tisza culture (5120 to 4490 BC) in Hungary
  • Ertebølle culture (5100 to 4100 BC) in Denmark and northern Germany
  • Swifterbant culture (5000 to 3400 BC) in the Netherlands , Belgium, and Lower Saxony (in the Netherlands it dates from 5700 to 4100 BC)
  • Stitched ceramics (4900 to 4500 BC) in Germany , the Czech Republic and Austria
  • The Southeast Bavarian Middle Neolithic (5000 to 4600 BC) in Bavaria - SOB II, Older Oberlauterbach (approx. 4800 to 4600 BC) and SOB III, Younger Oberlauterbach (around 4600 BC) disappeared at the end of the century

Tumulus F of the Necropolis of Bougon , France, ca.4,700 BC. Chr.

• Western Europe :
  • Megalithic cultures :
    • The first megalithic structures began in France (4700 to 2000 BC). Bougon necropolis
• Southern Europe :
  • Malta - Għar Dalam phase (5000 to 4500 BC)
• North and Mesoamerica :
  • Archaic period
  • Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán (Mexico)
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Middle Pre-Ceramic (7000 to 4000 BC) in the north of Chile lower levels Alto Barranco and Alto Aguada along the Pacific coast and Rinconada in the hinterland
  • The Las Vegas culture in Ecuador (8000 to 4600 BC) disappears towards the end of the century

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Pearson, GW et al. a .: High-Precision 14C measurement of Irish oaks to show the natural 14C variations from AD 1840 to 5210 BC . In: Radiocarbon . 28 No. 2B, 1986, pp. 911-934 .
2. ↑ Stuiver, M. u. a .: INTCAL98 Radiocarbon age correlation, 24,000-0 cal BP . In: Radiocarbon . 40, No. 3, 1998, p. 1041-1083 .
3. ↑ Olmos, O. and Sanhueza, J .: El precerámico en la costa sur de Iquique . In: Revista Chungará . tape 13 . Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica - Chile 1984, p. 143-154 .