48th century BC Chr.

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The 48th century BC Chr. Began on January 1 v 4800th And ended on December 31, 4701 BC. Chr.

Time calculation

• January 1, 4713 BC Chr .: 12:00 p.m. world time (= JD 0)
  • Beginning of the time scale of the Julian date , which is mainly used for date calculations in astronomy and geodesy . Parts of a day (hours, minutes, etc.) are expressed in decimal places

Developments, inventions and discoveries

Schalkenburg district ditch near Quenstedt

Plan drawing of the Schalkenburg

• Middle Atlantic (AT2 - 5050 to 4550 BC).
• Middle Neolithic (5000 to 4500 BC) in Central Europe .
• The climax in the construction of the circular moat systems in Central Europe (around 100 systems in the period 4900 to 4700 BC).
• 4760 BC Chr .:
  • In the Pampa del Tamarugal in northern Chile, settlement began at the pre-ceramic site of Aragón-1 .

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Halaf culture (5500 to 5000 BC, also 5200 to 4500 BC) - late stage
• Obed period (5500 to 3500 BC) - Obed II.
• Tappe Sialk (6000 to 2500 BC) in Iran - Sialk III
• Amuq (6000 to 2900 BC) in Turkey - Amuq D
• Mersin (5400 to 2900 BC) in Anatolia - Mersin 19-17
• Eridu (from 5300 to approx. 1950 BC) in Mesopotamia - Eridu 19-15, temple construction phases XV-XII
• Byblos in Lebanon - late Neolithic (5300 to 4500 BC)
• Tappa Gaura (5000 to 1500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Tappa Gaura 19-18
• Nineveh (from 6500 BC) in northern Mesopotamia - Nineveh 3
• Susiana (5500 to 4400 BC) in Iran - Susiana B
• Haggi Mohammed (5000 to 4500 BC) in Turkey
• Can Hasan (4900 to 4500 BC) in Turkey
• Khazineh (around 4800 BC) in Iran

Cultures in East Asia

• China :
  • Laoguantai culture (6000 to 3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Chengbeixi culture (5800-4700 BC) in Hubei
  • Dadiwan culture (5800-3000 BC), upper Yellow River
  • Beixin Culture (5400-4400 BC)
  • Qingliangang culture (5400 to 4400 BC)
  • Hemudu culture (5200 to 4500 BC, later dating 5000 to 3300 BC), Zhejiang
  • Baiyangcun culture (5000 to 3700 BC, is also dated to more recent: 3000 to 1700 BC), Yunnan
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
  • Onset of the Caiyuan culture (4800 to 3900 BC) in northwest China ( Ningxia ) as well as the
  • Majiabang culture (4750 to 3700 BC) on the lower Yangtze River
  • Beginning of the Hongshan culture (4700 to 2900 BC) in northeast China at the end of the 48th century BC. Chr.
• Korea :
  • Early Jeulmun period (6000 to 3500 BC).
• Japan :
  • Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BC) - Earliest Jōmon period - Jōmon II (8,000 to 4,000 BC).

Cultures in Europe

• Northeast Europe :
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC) (however radiocarbon dating : 5600 to 2300 BC)
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC)
  • Neman culture (7000 to 3000 BC)
• Eastern Europe :
  • Chwalynsk culture (5200 to 4500 BC) in Russia
  • Dnepr-Don culture (5000 to 4000 BC)
  • Kurgan cultures (5000 to 3000 BC) in Kazakhstan and Eastern Europe
  • Lengyel culture (4900 to 3950 BC)

Female clay figure from Kato Chorio near Ierapetra ( Crete ), lower age limit 4800 BC Chr.

• Southeast Europe :
  • Sesklo culture (6850 to 4400 BC) in northern Greece
  • The Dimini culture (4800 to 4000 BC) in Thessaly begins
  • Beginning of the Cucuteni culture (4800 to 3200 BC) in Romania , Moldova and the Ukraine : Pre-Cucuteni I-III (4800 to 4500 BC) and Tripolje A.
  • The Gumelniţa culture (4700 to 3700 BC) established itself in Romania and Moldova: phase Gumelniţa A1 (4700 to 4350 BC) at the end of the century
  • Karanowo cultures in southern Bulgaria - Karanowo V, early Copper Age (4950 to 4500 BC)
  • Vinča culture (5400 to 4500 BC) (or Danube civilization) in Serbia , western Romania, southern Hungary and eastern Bosnia
• Central Europe :
  • Band ceramic culture (5600 to 4100 BC) in France , Belgium , Germany , Austria , Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia , Hungary , Romania and Ukraine
  • Tisza culture (5120 to 4490 BC) in Hungary
  • Ertebølle culture (5100 to 4100 BC) in Denmark and northern Germany
  • Swifterbant culture (5000 to 3400 BC) in the Netherlands , Belgium, and Lower Saxony (in the Netherlands it dates from 5700 to 4100 BC)
  • The menhir culture (5000 to 4800 BC) ends at the beginning of the century
  • Stitched ceramics (4900 to 4500 BC) in Germany , the Czech Republic and Austria
  • Southeast Bavarian Middle Neolithic (5000 to 4600 BC) in Bavaria - SOB II, Older Oberlauterbach (approx. 4800 to 4600 BC)
  • The Großgartacher culture (4900 to 4700 BC) in southwest Germany disappears towards the end of the century
• Southern Europe :
  • Malta - Għar Dalam phase (5000 to 4500 BC)

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period .
  • Coxcatlán phase (5000–3400 BC) in Tehuacán (Mexico)
• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Middle Pre-Ceramic (7000 to 4000 BC) in northern Chile. Lower Alto Barranco and Alto Aguada along the Pacific coast and Rinconada in the hinterland.
  • Las Vegas culture in Ecuador (8000 to 4600 BC).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Nuñez, P. and Zlatar, V .: Aragón-1, taller y basural precerámico (Informe preliminar) . In: Anales de la Universidad de Chile . Año N ° 1.Antofagasta 1975, p. 13-19 .
2. ↑ Nuñez, P. and Zlatar, V .: Radiometria di Aragón y su implicancia en el precerámico costero del Norte de Chile . In: Actas del IV Congreso Nacional de Arqueologia Argentina . San Rafael 1976.

Web links

Commons : 48th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files