Pervomaiskoye (Kaliningrad, Gusew)

settlement Pervomaiskoye Sadweitschen (Altkrug) Первомайское Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Kaliningrad Rajon Gusew Founded 1539 Earlier names Sadewetschen, Schadewethen, Schadwitten, Schadewietis (after 1539), Sodewethen (after 1558), Sadawetschen (after 1885), Szadwetschen, Renkin (around 1740), Szadweitschen (after 1818), Sadweitschen (until 1938), Altkrug (1938–1946) population 475 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Time zone UTC + 2 Telephone code (+7) 40143 Post Code 238041 License Plate 39, 91 OKATO 27 212 802 001 Geographical location Coordinates 54 ° 35 '  N , 22 ° 16'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 35 '28 "  N , 22 ° 16' 21"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Kaliningrad Oblast

Perwomaiskoje ( Russian Первомайское , German  Sadweitschen , 1938 to 1945 Altkrug , Lithuanian Sodviečiai ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Gusev in Gusevsky District .

Geographical location

Perwomaiskoje is five kilometers east of the city of Gussew (Gumbinnen) on the north bank of the Pissa (briefly called Roßbach before 1945). The municipal road 27K-055, which connects Gussew with Podgorowka (Groß Baitschen) , runs through the village . Before 1945, Groß Baitschen was the next station on the Prussian Eastern Railway , whose current Kaliningrad – Chernyshevskoye line runs south of Pervomaiskoye.

history

The place once called Sadweitschen used to consist of the village and an estate. The latter was at the east end of the place. The founding of the village went back to Lithuanian settlers, whose first village mayor was called Szadweitis and the place name is said to have been derived from it. In 1686 there lived in Sadweitschen "26 landlords and 2 inst people, a total of 68 inhabitants". The Great Plague in Prussia (1709/10) also claimed many victims in Sadweitschen. In the years that followed, numerous Hessians, Swiss and Palatinate residents became new settlers, so that in 1731 there were again 209 inhabitants. In 1732 exiles from Salzburg also came here.

Originally the office Kattenau duly Sadweitschen was in the newly built 1,874 District Pruszischken integrated, the - 1939 renamed "District Prussia village" - to 1945 and for district Gumbinnen in Administrative district Gumbinnen the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged.

In 1910 there were 449 inhabitants registered in Sadweitschen, of which 394 lived in the village and 55 in the manor district . On September 30, 1928 the manor districts of Lasdinehlen (1910 = 21 inhabitants, renamed “Gut Altkrug” in 1938), Narpgallen - with the Pakullauken district - (1910 = 160 inhabitants, 1938 renamed “Riedhof”) and Sadweitschen (1910 = 55 inhabitants , all three places are no longer available today) incorporated into the rural community of Sadweitschen. The population of Sadweitschen was accordingly 741 in 1933 and already 753 in 1939.

On June 3, 1938, with official confirmation of July 16, 1938, Sadweitschen was renamed "Altkrug" for political and ideological reasons. After the Red Army invaded East Prussia , Sadweitschen was evacuated on October 20, 1944, and the residents moved into the area of the Osterode district in East Prussia . As a result of the war, the village came to the Soviet Union in 1945 .

In 1950 the village Altkrug (as Sadweitschen) was given the Russian name "Perwomaiskoje" and was assigned to the village soviet Brjanski selski Sowet in Gusew Rajon at the same time . Before 1988 Pervomaiskoye was the administrative seat of this village soviet itself. From 2008 to 2013 Pervomaiskoje belonged to the rural municipality of Kalininskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Gusew.

Historical jug

A historical jug , which was first mentioned in 1130 and which was granted a new license as a jug in 1235 , was known and significant beyond Sadweitschen . The jug was a transformer station for horses, but at times also a place of justice. The historical name "Bärenkrug" is known. Because of an overnight stay by Emperor Napoleon , it was later also called "Napoleonkrug".

church

In 1712, the new settlers were held in a provisional church in Sadweitschen at the request of the new settlers. In the year King Friedrich Wilhelm I confirmed the plan to build a church in Sadweitschen. In the same year the pastor Heinrich Wasmuth from Königsberg (Prussia) was sent to here. On March 18, 1714, he put on a special church book for the majority of the Reformed parishioners. This date is considered the foundation day of the Reformed church in Gumbinnen , after a baptism was also performed on this day. There was no church building in Sadweitschen, because between 1736 and 1739 the New Town Church was built in the neighboring town , which from then on became the central church of the Protestant Christians of the Reformed tradition. Pastor Wasmuth worked here as a clergyman until 1755. Until 1945, the congregation belonged to the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union , but not to the church district of Gumbinnen, which was formed by the numerically much stronger Lutheran congregations . In Königsberg there was a separate reformed inspection.

Flight and expulsion of the local population as well as the restrictive religious policy of the Soviet Union brought church life in Pervomaiskoje to a standstill. Since the 1990s there has been a new Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Gussew , whose worship center is the restored Salzburg Church . It belongs to the Kaliningrad (Königsberg) provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .

school

In Sadweitschen there was a two-class elementary school before 1945, the last schoolhouse of which had been built before 1914. The school was founded in 1714 and a church was founded in the village. At first it was only one class and provided with a teaching position. In 1875 the school was rebuilt and then run in two classes. In 1945 the schoolhouse served as accommodation for soldiers, in 1946 it went up in flames.

Web links

• Pervomaiskoye at bankgorodov.ru
• Pervomaiskoye at prussia39.ru
• Dr. Grenz, Altkrug (Sadweitschen)
• Pervomaiskoje - Sadweitschen / Altkrug (village)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ^ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Altkrug
3. ^ Rolf Jehke, Pruszischken / Preußendorf district
4. ↑ Uli Schubert, community directory, Gumbinnen district
5. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Gumbinnen district (Russian Gussew). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
6. ↑ The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 5 июля 1950 г., №745 / 3, "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Regulation 745/3 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "About renaming of places of Kaliningrad Oblast" from July 5, 1950)
7. ↑ Historical photo of the jug in Sadweitschen / Altkrug
8. ↑ Dr. Grenz, Altkrug (Sadweitschen)
9. ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.