Aralia racemosa
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Aralia racemosa , also called American spikenard , grape aralia or mostly American aralia , is a species of plant from the genus Aralia within the Araliaceae family. It iswidespreadin eastern North America . It is used as a medicinal plant.
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The American aralia grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 1 to 1.5, rarely up to 3 meters. Rhizomes with aromatic roots are formed as persistence organs . The independently upright, strong, bare, chestnut brown to almost black stems are branched and leafy.
The alternately arranged, relatively large leaves are composed, two to three pinnate and up to 0.75 meters long, with 9 to 21 pinnate leaves. The leaflets are ovate with a length of 5 to 15 centimeters with a heart-shaped base and a pointed upper end. The leaf margin is serrated.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from early to mid-summer from June to August. The mostly terminal, sometimes additionally lateral, with a length of 30 to 46 centimeters, relatively large, composite, paniculate total inflorescences consist of many small, doldy partial inflorescences and contain many flowers.
The relatively small, hermaphrodite flowers are up to 3 millimeters in diameter and have radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The white flowers each have a yellow or green tint. There is only one circle with five stamens .
The fruit clusters hang over. The dark purple berries, which are conspicuous when ripe in autumn, are more or less spherical with a diameter of about 6 millimeters.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
ecology
The berries attract birds.
Occurrence
Aralia racemosa is widespread in the eastern parts of North America from eastern Canada to the eastern and north-central United States . There are localities for the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island and Quebec and for the US states Illinois , Kansas , Minnesota , Missouri , Nebraska , South Dakota , Wisconsin , Connecticut , Indiana , Maine , Massachusetts , Michigan , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Vermont , West Virginia , Alabama , Arkansas , Delaware , Georgia , Kentucky , Maryland , Mississippi , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee and Virginia .
Aralia racemosa thrives in damp forests.
Systematics
The first publication of Aralia racemosa was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Aralia racemosa L. is a lectotype of the genus Aralia L. The specific epithet racemosa means grape .
Aralia racemosa belongs to the Aralia section in the Aralia genus .
use
Use as an ornamental plant
The American aralia is used as an ornamental plant. It thrives in sunny to partially shaded locations. The dark purple fruits are eaten by birds.
Use as a useful plant
Some authors believe that the fruit is inedible for humans. Other authors say that the fruits are eaten raw or cooked and should even taste good and be healthy. You can make a jelly from the fruits.
Young above-ground, vegetative plant parts are cooked and used as culinary herbs. The underground, large and spicy plant parts are cooked and used in soups. Due to the aromatic, liqueur-like taste, the subterranean parts of the plant are used as a substitute for stinging winds ( Smilax spec.) And " Root Beer " is also made from it.
Medical use
Aralia racemosa was used in allergy-related diseases of the respiratory organs such as asthma, convulsive and tickling cough , leucorrhea , less often in uterine prolapse , anemia , rheumatism and as a wound remedy. The average dose is 2 g of the root drug . It contains essential oils and aralia saponin . Aralia racemosa was used in folk medicine by the North American indigenous peoples.
The Homeopathy knows Aralia racemosa with spasmodic cough with tenacious, fadenziehendem phlegm and wheezing inhalation , which often begins after a short sleep and forced to touch down. According to Vithoulkas , it is typical that first a sharp, biting runny nose appeared, and over the years deeper and deeper bronchial complaints , but in the meantime complete recovery, leaving only a rough feeling in the chest.
Other language trivial names
English-language common names are American spikenard , small spikenard , Indian root , spice berry , spignet , life-of-man or petty morel .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Aralia racemosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d e data sheet with photos at Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Native Plant Information Network = NPIN.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Datasheet with photos at the Missouri Botanical Garden .
- ^ Aralia racemosa at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ USDA data sheet with distribution in North America.
- ^ Linnaeus scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1753 .
- ^ Aralia racemosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 29, 2015.
- ^ A b Aralia racemosa at Plants For A Future
- ^ Gerhard Madaus: Textbook of biological remedies. Volume I. Olms, Hildesheim / New York 1979, ISBN 3-487-05891-X , pp. 566-569 (reprint of the Leipzig 1938 edition) at data sheet at Henriettes Herbal .
- ↑ a b Georg Arends, Heinrich Zörnig, Hermann Hager, Georg Frerichs, Walther Kern: Hager's handbook of pharmaceutical practice: For pharmacists, drug manufacturers, druggists, doctors etc. Medical officer . Edition 2 edition. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-36329-4 , p. 750 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b Anna Fialkoff: data sheet with photos at the New England Wild .
- ↑ Georgos Vithoulkas: Homeopathic Medicines. Materia Medica Viva. Volume III. Elsevier, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-437-55061-4 , pp. 33-40.
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