Archaeological Zone Cologne

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
October 2017: Concreting of foundation elements
July 2016: pile foundations for the new building
January 2015: The excavation zone
June 2014: excavation area
November 2011: excavation area
March 2013: Excavations north of the town hall arbor, in the background the Spanish building

The MiQua - LVR-Jewish Museum in the Archaeological Quarter Cologne (formerly Archaeological Zone Cologne ) is an archaeological excavation area of around 6,000 m² on and around Rathausplatz in the center of Cologne . The area is archaeologically relevant for Roman times , Jewish history and the Middle Ages in Cologne. On the town hall square, which was no longer built on after the destruction in World War II , a museum for the Jewish history of the city is to be built after the excavations have been completed.

Both the excavation project and the Jewish Museum planned here have been discussed controversially from various angles since 2008. Part of the discussion concerns the different views on the development of the square in general, part the costs and financing of the museum, and finally another part concerns scientific criticism of the project management.

History and background

prehistory

During the reconstruction work after the Second World War, the foundations of a Roman praetorium were discovered in Cologne city center in 1953 ; the results of the excavations under the direction of the archaeologist Otto Doppelfeld were preserved in the basement of the newly built Spanish building of the town hall as a museum. As a result, Doppelfeld campaigned for the preservation and protection of the discoveries.

When the historical town hall was rebuilt later, further archaeological finds were made. Even then, Doppelfeld had the idea of ​​making the underground finds accessible to the public.

In the 1980s, the City Council of Cologne declared the town hall forecourt for reasons of cultural history to be not suitable for building, in order to avoid building speculation on the site. In 1989 the entrance to the mikveh on the town hall square was opened up through a glass pyramid. In 2008 the glass pyramid had to be covered because sunlight and heat caused damage to the historic building.

Project progress

In 1998 a society for the promotion of a house and museum of Jewish culture was founded in order to finance a corresponding museum in Cologne. Chairman was Benedikt von und zu Hoensbroech , other actors were the Cologne notary Konrad Adenauer and the then director of the Cologne City Museum, Werner Schäfke . At that time, the chairman of the association favored building on Rathausplatz, the historic center of the Jewish community in Cologne. Lord Mayor Harry Blum, who died in 2000, was also considered an important sponsor of a “house and museum of Jewish culture” .

Ideas for an “archaeological zone”, which should make all the ground monuments of the city visible, were developed in 2001 as part of the (failed) cultural capital application of the city of Cologne.

In the spring of 2006, the private funding company had a draft by the architect Joachim Schürmann , which envisaged the use of the area of ​​the former Kutz department store adjoining Rathausplatz and parts of the square (including the mikveh ). At that time, an initiative by the parties FDP, SPD and the Greens favored Rathausplatz as the location for the museum; In addition, there should be an international tender for the museum building, in which Joachim Schürmann could also participate. In the council resolution of May 18, 2006, the town hall square was then designated as the “only possible location for a house and museum of Jewish culture in Cologne” “because of the authenticity of the location”.

In October 2006, the project management was withdrawn from the Roman-Germanic Museum , which had previously been responsible for the preservation of archaeological monuments, and handed over to the archaeologist Sven Schütte , which was criticized by members of the scientific advisory board. The advisory board then resigned, and Lord Mayor Fritz Schramma took the chair.

The symbolic act at the start of the excavation work on Rathausplatz took place in March 2007 in the presence of the Lord Mayor Fritz Schramma with the presentation of the project, whereby it was said that “the money for the implementation is ready”. The actual excavations began in August of the same year. Part of the financing of the archaeological zone should take place within the framework of Regionale 2010 ; The state of North Rhine-Westphalia has pledged 10 million euros.

In 2008, a total of 36 works by architects were submitted to a Europe-wide competition, of which in summer 2008 a jury with 22: 1 votes awarded the design by the architectural group Wandel, Hoefer, Lorch + Hirsch the first prize.

During the ongoing competition at the beginning of 2008, controversial discussions developed between members of the new scientific advisory board and project manager Schütte about conceptual questions and the dating and evaluation of finds, as a result of which Günther Binding resigned from his position on the advisory board. The project dossier, which is essential for the application as a Regional 2010 project, had not yet been completed at this point in time. In this context, the regional manager Reimar Molitor complained about one-sided media coverage of the conflict.

Before and during the presentation of the winning designs of the architectural competition in the summer of 2008, Mayor Schramma distanced himself from the jury's decision, which, against a council resolution, favored a design that inseparably linked the archaeological zone and the museum building. This meant that the tendering regulations, which called for the two projects to be decoupled, were not complied with, and he wanted to ask the Council to revise the decision on this draft. In addition, the financing is unclear. The designs could be viewed by the public in the Spanish building of Cologne's town hall until mid-August 2008. During and after the presentation of the winning designs in front of around 100 listeners, it became clear that many citizens were primarily concerned not to build on Rathausplatz at all. As a result, there were also numerous discussions and letters to the editor in the local press. As a result of a questionnaire during the exhibition, it was recorded that of almost 1000 citizens questioned, more than half were against a museum on this square. In October 2008, the project was finally given the financing-relevant “A stamp” for the Regionale 2010.

In July 2009, the Society for the Promotion of a House and Museum of Jewish Culture withdrew its funding commitment for the museum with reference to the general economic situation. In order not to jeopardize the regional grants from the Regionale 2010 for the Archaeological Zone and due to the coupling of protective structures in the Archaeological Zone with the Jewish Museum, the city now felt it was its duty to continue the overall project. However, a downsizing of the museum buildings was considered, which should lead to a cost reduction of approx. 20% (total: 34 million euros).

In the same month there were signals from the NRW building ministry that financial support for the museum could not be ruled out.

The local elections in North Rhine-Westphalia at the end of August 2009 led to a change at the top of the city: Lord Mayor Fritz Schramma (CDU) was replaced by Jürgen Roters (SPD).

In April 2010, the city council decided - albeit with reservation of funding - to continue building the archaeological zone with a Jewish museum. In the now projected total costs of 48 million euros, there was a financing gap of 20 million euros. The state of North Rhine-Westphalia had meanwhile promised a grant of 14.3 million euros.

In the further course of 2010 the project fell further behind its schedule; the repeatedly warned exhibition concept for the regional was missing, the reason given by the head of culture, Georg Quander , was that only half of the planned excavations had been carried out. The financing of 22 million euros for the project, which has now been estimated at 48 million euros, was still unclear.

In the summer of 2011, the Cologne city council decided to increase the own contribution to the project from 25 million to 37.5 million euros. At this point in time, the total costs were calculated at EUR 52 million. The rest should be financed from the urban development subsidy of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Because of the increased costs, a new decision was necessary. In the following autumn, the regional funding initiative accused the project manager Schütte and the city of neglect and project delays, and warned that the exhibition concept was still missing. The Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR) then decided to take a majority stake in the project in order to "maximize control" of the conception of content, financing and construction plans in the future (quote from Hans-Otto Runkler, LVR) At the end of 2011, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia approved Westphalia also received a sum of 12.6 million euros in addition to the 37.5 million euros borne by the city.

The scientific head of the advisory board, the building researcher Gundolf Precht , as well as the advisory board members Henner von Hesberg and Werner Eck accused the project management of falsifying findings at the end of 2011, which the city of Cologne "resolutely" rejected. As a result, on behalf of the Department of Art and Culture of the City of Cologne, two external reports were commissioned in April and July 2012 to assess the quality of the excavations. An expert opinion by the Swiss archaeologist Peter Eggenberger came to the conclusion that “the widely used and thus“ international ”standards are being met in all respects”, which, however, is to be expected given the ideal framework conditions. Another expert opinion by Harald Meller and Torsten Schunke came to the conclusion that the allegations of forgery were unfounded; the historic preservation of the historical substance is "exemplary".

Panel discussion on February 4, 2013 on the status of the debate on the Archaeological Zone / Jewish Museum in the Karl Rahner Academy . Panelists: Jürgen Wilhelm (chairman of the Cologne Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation ), Ulrich Krings (art historian, Cologne city curator a. D.), moderation: Christian Hümmeler (urban department head, Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger ), Werner Peters (co-initiator of the campaign » Courage to do without - For a moratorium on all major Cologne projects «), Ralph Elster (CDU, Deputy Chairman of the Art and Culture Committee in the Cologne City Council)

In connection with the LVR's entry into the project, negotiations between the city of Cologne and the regional association have been taking place since the end of 2011. There were delays in spring 2012 due to disagreement about a candidate from the LVR for the scientific advisory board. In August 2012, project manager Schütte announced that construction of the museum would begin in autumn 2012. In the same month, Mayor Roters made the realization of the museum dependent on the LVR's participation in a large part of the operating costs. At the same time, Sven Schütte and other cities with a rich Jewish culture participated in a group application for inclusion as UNESCO World Heritage .

At the turn of the year 2012/2013 , a campaign for a project moratorium was manifested around the initiative “ Ass huh, Zäng ussenander ”, which works for social justice . In times of urban financial hardship, which leads to cuts in the social and youth sector, major projects such as the planned museum building should be postponed and the large-scale development of the square should be avoided. In the course of the controversial discussion, the architect Peter Busmann presented an alternative design in February 2013, which only provides for the synagogue and selected excavation areas to be built over with a glass building and the establishment of a smaller museum in the former Ratskeller. Proponents of the original museum reacted to the plans by creating an initiative "Pro Museum Archaeological Zone". The former city curator Ulrich Krings spoke up in the course of the discussion with a letter to the editor in which he u. a. stated that "a cut in the 'Culture' area has never led to an increase in the 'Social' area."

In January 2013, representatives of the party Die Linke and the electoral association were accused that this Wikipedia article had been "embellished" in the project sense by an Austrian advertising agency on behalf of the city of Cologne.

On April 10, 2013, Sven Schütte was withdrawn from project management for the Archaeological Zone by Lord Mayor Jürgen Roters with immediate effect. One day later, the director of the Roman-Germanic Museum, Marcus Trier , was appointed provisional excavation manager. On December 6, 2013, Thomas Otten , the archaeologist and department head for soil conservation and conservation in the Ministry of Building and Transport, was appointed project management for the archaeological zone / Jewish museum by the landscape assembly of the Rhineland Regional Council (LVR). This makes Otten the designated founding director of the planned Jewish Museum. Due to a lawsuit by the former head of the Archaeological Zone, Sven Schütte, against the vacancy (among other things due to "formal deficiencies"), the procedure to fill the director's post was suspended in March 2014 and a new advertisement was published. In the late spring of 2016, Thomas Otten officially took up his position as the new director.

"Citizens' initiative Rathausplatz"

In September 2013 citizens 'initiative announced by the FDP Cologne and hotelier Werner Peters , a citizens' initiative on the construction of the Jewish Museum. The aim is the smaller construction solution by the architect Peter Busmann , which would only cost half and mean less interference with the cityscape on the town hall forecourt. In October the CDU declared its support for the “non-partisan campaign”. The “Citizens' Initiative Rathausplatz” started in October 2013 and requires around 24,000 valid signatures. In May 2014, the initiative handed City Director Guido Kahlen more than 31,000 collected signatures in order to bring about a referendum on the matter. The city administration announced a legal review of the request by July.

Location, size and demarcation

The construction site in April 2019, circled with a photo drone

The archaeological zone stretches from Kleine Budengasse in the north between Unter Goldschmied street in the west and the historic town hall / Alter Markt or Judengasse in the east to Obenmarspforten street in the south, adjacent to the Wallraf-Richartz Museum .

The already built-up area, below the Spanish building of the town hall , under which the remains of the Roman praetorium are located, the Roman city wall , which runs below the historic town hall, and objects below the town hall square, which has been undeveloped since the post-war period.

Initial situation and research history

post war period

Praetorium

Roman finds below the Spanish building had been known for a long time; they were systematically documented for the first time in the 19th century. The historian Leonard Ennen suspected a praetorium , the archaeologist Karl August von Cohausen a Roman governor's palace. During the great excavation of the town hall in 1953, Otto Doppelfeld was able to identify the praetorium and largely examine the area; the remains have been preserved and made available to the public below the building. An excavation in 1968 by Gundolf Precht expanded the findings; Thus Precht added Doppelfeld's findings to four main construction periods of the preterium to include further conversions and extensions.

Jewish quarter

The Jewish quarter of Cologne , which adjoined the Praetorium in the south of the Rathausplatz, is documented by a wide range of historical material - such as records and land register plans. The first documented excavation finds were made in 1875 when the sewer system was installed under the town hall square. A Romanesque cellar with a fountain under the town hall, the “ Plasmannsche Keller ”, was mistakenly identified as the “Judenbad” in the 19th century.

Otto Doppelfeld exposed the northern part of the district in 1953 when excavating the town hall; However, he described his findings as "disappointing", as many medieval cellars had been replaced by newer buildings. However, a find of around 290 coins from this excavation is considered significant, which was dated to the year of the plague pogrom of 1349. There were also a few tombstones and a few wells.

Since building was planned for the area south of the Spanish building and in order to avoid delays due to excavations, there was another excavation through double fields in 1956/1957. The foundations of the medieval synagogue were excavated, on which the council chapel of St. Mary in Jerusalem was built after the expulsion in 1424 . The preserved masonry of the synagogue was also damaged on the south side by a bomb hit, Doppelfeld described the condition as "deplorable". He describes four alternating construction periods of the synagogue before 1424, including the oldest based on Carolingian and Salic fragments around the year 1000, the most recent at the end of the 14th century. The remains of the synagogue were again covered with earth. Doppelfeld considered the idea to be “obvious and tempting” that a synagogue had already been located in the same place in Roman Cologne, but doubted this and suspected further Roman masonry below the synagogue.

A well-preserved mikveh was found next to the synagogue and was first mentioned in 1270. Doppelfeld dated the few datable parts as Romanesque, the small columns in comparison to the crypt in the Church of St. Apostles to around 1150. He dated a bima with a Genisa cellar underneath for storing cult objects that were no longer required because of the capitals and other small parts found , which were very similar to those of the Gothic cathedral, in the third construction period around 1280.

Doppelfeld thought an older predecessor building of the synagogue was possible, but could not prove it. The mikvah, which later served as a sewer, then as a cellar and also as a horse stable, was kept accessible after the excavations and covered with a glass pyramid.

Recent research

Extended excavation area

Sven Seiler was able to carry out excavations in 1991 to the south of the extent of today's excavation area, on the site of the former St. Alban's Church and the site of today's Wallraf-Richartz-Museum ("Albansviertel") . These brought to light the remains of a larger Roman structure, possibly the Martian temple of the CCAA . In addition, rich medieval masonry and remains of bones were found, which supported the knowledge about the affluent social structure of the quarter. The Office for Ground Monument Preservation, headed by Sven Schütte, has been pursuing the plan for an archaeological zone since 1992, which should also include the excavations of St. Alban. A model from 1993 shows a planned archaeological zone including the Albansviertel. In a description of the monuments in the Albansviertel from 1998, the authors Marianne Gechter and Sven Schütte regretted that only 20 percent of the monumental substance could be preserved and the original substance of the quarter was lost.

Investigations on the Jewish Bima

In 1998 Sven Schütte examined the approximately 160 fragments of the Gothic reading pulpit ( Bima ) of the synagogue that Otto Doppelfeld had excavated in 1956 , which had been stored in the depot of the Roman-Germanic Museum until then . He sketched an extensive reconstruction, which he described as having weak points and deficits due to the small database, and identified the Dombauhütte as the workshop that carried out the work , which at that time (1270/1280) was the only one in Cologne “artistically and technically capable to carry out such an order ”. In addition, he assumed a synagogue from late antiquity from the fourth century and suggested a presentation of the findings in a Jewish museum "in situ", ie on the town hall square.

Town hall and historical surroundings

A comprehensive work by Marianne Gechter and Sven Schütte from 1997 to 1999 presented the investigations of the entire area from the Albanviertel to Budengasse. The basis was the excavations of Doppelfeld and Precht. According to Doppelfeld, according to this article, only the professor of Jewish art Hannelore Künzl had dealt with the synagogue. The authors go u. a. very precisely on the ancient building phases in front of the synagogue and conclude on the basis of the available findings that the ancient building below the Carolingian synagogue from the year 800 should also be proposed as a synagogue "with all due caution". You can also expect a ritual bath (mikvah) during this construction phase.

In 2005, the historian Christoph Cluse pointed out some “difficulties” of these theses; u. a. He also contradicted the popular view that the two decrees of Emperor Constantine of 321 clearly prove the existence of an ancient Jewish community in Cologne.

Finds and Findings

Finds from the excavation included finds from the time of the Roman oppidum, the Roman provincial capital, the Franconian royal seat and the high and late medieval city. A special feature is the continuous settlement of Cologne since it was founded in antiquity and its importance as a power and administrative center that has survived through the ages. The continuous settlement has led to the overlapping of different building layers from different epochs.

Praetorium

Remains of the governor's palace

The Roman governor's palace, the praetorium , was the political and administrative center of the region in Roman times, from where the governor exercised the imperial power of Rome on the Rhine in the province of Lower Germany.

Since March 2012, the excavation team has been digging previously unknown layers on the northern town hall square. Here new knowledge was found about the construction phases of the Praetorium itself, about its destruction in the early Middle Ages and the subsequent repopulation of the area. On the first surface the preserved ground floor of the Praetorium and numerous fragments of a splendid marble floor and wall covering were found. The stratified excavation method allows for the first time an exact chronological classification of the construction phases and finds after the investigations of the 1950s.

  • Model of the Praetorium

  • Facade of the Praetorium

  • Bottom view

  • Bust of the Emperor Claudius

  • Consecration stone for the reconstruction of the praetorium around AD 184/185.

  • Epitaph for the Celtic soldier CATVNECTVS

  • Grave stele of Lucius Vicarinius

  • Altar for Isis

  • Building inscription for the armory of the governor of Emperor Trajan

Roman sewers

The Roman sewer
View of the sewer opening

One of the main Roman sewers, which led under the "Grosse Budengasse" through the city wall into the Rhine, has been preserved underground and is accessible over a length of 150 meters. The canal is about 8 meters underground and can be reached through the vestibule of the Praetorium via a newly constructed tunnel access. The extension of the canal could be examined as part of the project, whereby the task of the sewage system could be narrowed down to the 3rd quarter of the 4th century by AMS dating of intact layers of the filling. The finds from the sewer also include a token with the Latin word INVICTUS ('undefeated') carved into it. In the south of the excavation area, another parallel sewer was excavated, which partly runs under the cellars on the Obenmarspforten street and is not so well preserved; however, it contained rich finds.

Porticus

The porticus

An arched position, a porticus from the 1st century, was excavated directly at the historic town hall as early as 1969. In addition to the Roman portal, other remains of the Jewish quarter were found, including the relics of a hospital. This small area was not yet accessible when the excavation began. It was not until 2007 that the walled-up door to the town hall was broken open and the room was temporarily redesigned. Today access is through the basement of the town hall.

synagogue

The investigation of the Cologne synagogue began in 1956 with Otto Doppelfeld's excavations. The results were presented as early as 1959. The new investigations began in the summer of 2007 and brought to light an unexpectedly rich amount of finds and findings. Numerous phases over an ancient substrate prove that the building served as a synagogue at least since the Carolingian era . However, new finds suggest that the synagogue was used in ancient times. The continuity of the architectural renewal is one of many indications for a continuous Jewish community from the early 4th century to 1424 in Cologne. The finds from the time of the Second Pogrom in August 1349 are particularly rich. Almost the entire interior of the synagogue ( Torah shrine , bima , wall surfaces, windows, floor coverings, benches and furnishings) has been preserved in fragments. Monumental inscriptions from the 9th to the 13th centuries attest to the tradition of synagogue building.

Findings from the cesspool under the synagogue, which belonged to the apartment of the rabbi or community leader on the upper floor, provide information about the life of Jewish families in the Middle Ages . After the synagogue was looted in the course of the pogrom of 1349, furniture, book fittings, remains of burned parchment, children's toys, medicine bottles and many other household items were thrown into the sewage pit. These artifacts were preserved in the deep shafts . Animal bones and botanical remains were also found here , reflecting the strict Jewish dietary laws .

Written certificates

Limestone inscription fragment from inside the synagogue

Around 107,000 slate fragments were discovered in a pit below the women's synagogue from the time of the looting of August 1349. More than 220 of them have written and pictorial representations. The text fragments could be classified into categories: grammar exercises tell of everyday life in the Talmud school . Texts from the administrative area of ​​the Jewish community report on events in Cologne. One of the finds is a literary text from the context of the chivalric novels : one of the oldest texts in German from a Jewish context. It is one of the oldest literary evidence of the Yiddish language in the world. The text is written in Middle High German , but written in Hebrew script and already shows characteristics of Yiddish.

Bima

The Bima

The Gothic Bima, the reading pulpit of the synagogue, was virtually reconstructed from the knowledge gained from over 3500 fragments. Parts of artfully designed capitals are preserved , decorated with detailed foliage. Also noteworthy are numerous depictions of animals and Hebrew graffiti . It was created around 1280 by French craftsmen from the cathedral builder from English limestone and smashed during the pogrom in 1349.

Mikveh

Floor plan of the mikveh

Get a Dating back to the 8th century mikvah . The ritual Jewish bath is a 16 meter deep shaft. According to the ritual rules of Judaism, a mikveh should contain “living” water, that is, flowing groundwater. The changing level of the Rhine can still be read today in the lower area of ​​the mikveh through different water levels. At the end of 2009 the mikveh had completely dried out due to the low water level. This enabled the excavation and the taking of samples for scientific investigations and a detailed construction survey that explains the individual construction phases of the mikveh in more detail. In 2012, another rainwater mike was discovered in the area of ​​the ancient predecessor building. Their exploration and processing is still ongoing.

  • Entrance area

  • The mikvah

  • View from above

  • Stairs exit

  • Basin of the mikveh

Cologne earring

Cologne earring

An earring with a clear relationship to goldsmith's work from imperial circles was brought to light in a sewer on Judengasse . The scientists responsible for the excavation suspect that it is the remains of a treasure find that was hidden by a Jewish family during the pogrom in 1096. The earring is made of gold and richly set with precious stones, pearls and an antique gem . It has the shape of a lunula .

Infrastructure of the Jewish Quarter

A Jewish house was discovered on the west side of the synagogue, which was first mentioned in a document in 1135. The other outstanding buildings in the Jewish quarter include the hospital , built around 1100 , a communal charitable welfare facility for the sick, the elderly and travelers, the remains of which can still be seen in the porticus. Parts of the Lyvermann house , the bakery from the 13th century and a hot bath over Roman substrate of a thermal bath , which presumably belonged to the governor's palace , have also been preserved. The private buildings along Judengasse were almost completely excavated on the west side of the alley and yielded rich finds.

Goldsmiths Quarter

Goldsmith tools

Since the end of the 12th century, the center of the Cologne goldsmith's trade was on the streets Unter Goldschmied and Obenmarspforten. In the Middle Ages, the entire area was called “Unter Goldschmieden” (Inter aurifices) . The guild members also included women. In the Haus zum Golde, for example, a gold leaf workshop is occupied around 1300 , which was run by Maria Gultslegerssa ('gold beater'). There were numerous Trachyt -Schmelzöfchen, mold residues, small fireclay crucibles , gold touchstones and metal and slag residues. Casting molds from squid schoolp , rare evidence of the Ossa-sepia casting technique known from medieval written sources were also found.

museum

MiQua. LVR-Jewish Museum in Cologne's Archaeological Quarter
place Cologne , Germany
management Thomas Otten , (Founding Director)
Samuel Olbermann , (Head of Administration)
Christiane Twiehaus, (Head of Science)
Website http://miqua.blog
Planning stage (as of 2011)
Planning of the Archaeological Zone / Jewish Museum Cologne

Parallel to the excavations, a museum landscape is being built in Cologne, on and below Rathausplatz, which comprises an area of ​​around 6000 m² with a total of 2400 m² of exhibition space. A concept was developed for this museum landscape and published in 2012 by Marianne Gechter and Sven Schütte. On 2400 m², visitors to the area can experience history above and below ground and visualize fractures. The Jewish history is presented as an integral part of the city's history from antiquity to the destruction of the Second World War. Large parts of the new museum will extend underground under the Spanish building and the town hall square. The Jewish Museum will set a distinctive architectural and urban development accent on the Rathausplatz. Numerous examples of Jewish culture are presented here. A special exhibition area and an event hall are also planned.

The museum will be based on the following four main themes and their spatial and temporal interrelationship:

  • Roman governor's palace and Franconian royal seat
  • medieval town hall
  • Jewish quarter and later Jewish history
  • medieval and modern city quarter and goldsmiths' quarter up to the Second World War.

The award-winning design for the museum building on Cologne's Rathausplatz was made by the Saarbrücken architecture firm Wandel Hoefer Lorch + Hirsch and will combine the archaeological zone and the Jewish Museum into one unit. The building of the museum was controversial from the start, as was the project as such. Initially, a low expectation of the find was forecast, the project was critically reported in the press and finally the Cologne City Council decided in a total of six decisions that the location could only be at this point. The building decision was made by the council in July 2011, the grant notification from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia was issued on December 7, 2011. The city council also decided on the financing and operation of the facility in 2011 despite the tight budget.

After a lengthy naming phase, including public participation, the Rhineland Regional Council, as the future sponsor, has given the museum the name “MiQua. LVR-Jewish Museum in the Archaeological Quarter of Cologne ”.

literature

  • Otto Doppelfeld: The excavations in Cologne's Jewish quarter, in: Zvi Asaria (Hrsg.): The Jews in Cologne from the oldest times to the present. Cologne 1959, pp. 35-145.
  • Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (Hrsg.): Cologne: Archaeological Zone / Jewish Museum. From excavation to museum - Cologne archeology between town hall and praetorium. Results and materials 2006–2012. City of Cologne, Archaeological Zone, Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-9812541-1-2 .
  • Monika Grübel, Peter Honnen (Ed.): Yiddish in the Rhineland. In the footsteps of the languages ​​of the Jews , publication of the Rhineland Regional Association (LVR) in Klartextverlag, Essen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8375-0886-4 .
  • Thomas Otten , Christiane Twiehaus: An encounter with two millennia. The updated concept for MiQua LVR-Jewish Museum in the Archäologische Quartier Köln , ed. from MiQua friends. Fördergesellschaft LVR-Jüdisches Museum im Archäologische Quartier Köln eV (= Contributions to Rhenish-Jewish History Volume 8, 2018, Issue 8), ISBN 978-3-926397-32-4 .
  • Ed. LVR-Jewish Museum in the Archaeological Quarter of Cologne: The decree of 321: Cologne, the emperor and the Jewish history. undated, ISBN 978-3-96719-002-1 .

Web links

Commons : Archaeological Zone Cologne  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Otten , Christiane Twiehaus: An encounter with two millennia. The concept for MiQua LVR-Jewish Museum in the Archaeological Quarter . In: Contributions to Rhenish Jewish history . tape 6 . Verlag der Buchhandlung Klaus Bittner, Cologne 2016, p. 11 ( digitized at juedischesmuseum-koeln.de [PDF]).
  2. ^ Peter Fuchs: The town hall of Cologne. History, buildings, shapes. Greven Verlag, Cologne 1994, ISBN 3-7743-0283-9 , p. 10.
  3. ^ Ingeborg Prior: A Jewish Center in Cologne. In: Welt am Sonntag . March 8, 1998.
  4. ↑ A dignified place  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 2, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.koelnarchitektur.de  
  5. ^ The mikveh , accessed on February 2, 2013.
  6. ^ Ingeborg Prior: A Jewish Center in Cologne. In: Welt am Sonntag. March 8, 1998.
  7. ^ Museum of Jewish Culture. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . January 23, 1998.
  8. ^ Günther B. Ginzel: Cologne needs the museum. In: Jüdische Allgemeine . July 21, 2011, p. 2.
  9. ↑ Together. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . August 27, 2001, p. 13.
  10. ↑ Hildegard Stausberg: Stolperstein on Rathausplatz; For years there has been a dispute in Cologne about a Jewish museum. Now three council parties want to determine the location - against the development association. In: The world. April 5, 2006, p. 28.
  11. ^ Roland Schüler: Rathausplatzplan - typical for Cologne's cultural and urban development policy. Archaeological Zone and Jewish Museum , NRhZ-Online, August 6, 2008
  12. ↑ (cd): The chronicle of a problematic project; At the center of the criticism is the project manager Sven Schütte. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger. July 5, 2011, p. 24.
  13. ↑ a b Marion Leske: Above ground, underground; Major construction site on the Rhine: Cologne is experiencing a cultural and political obstacle race for old finds and new museum plans. In: The world . December 7, 2007, p. 32.
  14. ^ Helga Würfel-Ellmann: Premium project before the start. In: Rheinische Post Düsseldorf. March 2, 2007.
  15. ^ A b Fabian Wahl: Over 250,000 objects discovered during excavations in Cologne ; dapd news agency, dapd basic service (formerly ddp), August 1, 2012.
  16. ↑ Monika Salchert: Archaeological Zone on Cologne City Hall Square. In: Rheinische Post . Düsseldorf, December 7, 2007.
  17. ↑ a b c Andreas Rossmann : With the exhibition of the competition results, the debate about the Cologne Town Hall Square gains a new quality. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. July 17, 2008.
  18. ↑ a b Dieter Bartetzko: When, if not now, who, if not you? In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 20, 2012, p. 23.
  19. ↑ M. Tomas: A house in a house; The construction of a Jewish museum on Cologne's Rathausplatz is the subject of controversy. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. July 16, 2008, p. 32.
  20. ↑ An exit with a bang , accessed on February 3, 2013.
  21. ^ Stefanie Stadel: The dispute over the emperor's bath; Cologne gets an archaeological zone in which excavations from antiquity are made publicly accessible. But now scientists and politicians are bogged down in a detailed argument. In: Welt am Sonntag. March 30, 2008.
  22. ↑ Everything is open: Cologne is discussing Rathausplatz. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. August 2, 2008, p. 14.
  23. ^ Andreas Rossmann: The Cologne node; At a loss on Rathausplatz: does the city better set up stalls or suitcases ?. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. July 12, 2008, p. 35.
  24. ^ Gerd Korinthenberg: Cologne argues about the Jewish Museum. In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . July 1, 2008, p. 15.
  25. ↑ Christoph Driessen: Cologne residents protest against the Jewish Museum. In: Spiegel Online . August 8, 2008.
  26. ↑ Andreas Rossmann: Come to the dead-bombed place and build. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. August 7, 2008, p. 42.
  27. ↑ Jens Grisar, Christoph Hölzer, Thomas Kemme, Reimar Molitor: Documentation of the Regionale 2010 in the Cologne / Bonn region. ISBN 978-3-940263-09-4 , p. 194 (PDF file p. 100; 19.1 MB)
  28. ↑ (aro): Cologne caper. (Glossary Feuilleton), In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. July 4, 2009, p. 33.
  29. ↑ (epd): Jewish Museum in Cologne failed; Sponsoring association withdraws acceptance. In: Berliner Morgenpost . July 4, 2009, p. 18.
  30. ↑ No money for a Jewish museum. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. July 4, 2009, p. 34.
  31. ↑ (aro): Unbuttoned: State funds for the Cologne Museum ?. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. July 8, 2009.
  32. ^ Dapd news agency , ddp basic service: Cologne receives archaeological zone and Jewish museum
  33. ↑ Monika Salchert: A lot of dirt churned up. In: Rheinische Post Düsseldorf. October 20, 2010.
  34. ^ Cologne: Construction of the Jewish Museum is secured. In: Rheinische Post. (via dapd), July 16, 2011.
  35. Jump up ↑ Cologne's archeology zone. In: Rheinische Post Düsseldorf. October 6, 2011.
  36. ↑ Land subsidizes the Archaeological Zone with 12.7 million euros. In: Rheinische Post Düsseldorf. December 10, 2011.
  37. ↑ Press release of the City of Cologne: Archaeological Zone: On the "open letter" of the three advisory board members Dr. Gundolf Precht, Professor Werner Eck and Professor Henner von Hesberg , November 3, 2012.
  38. ^ Peter Eggenberger: Expert opinion on the excavations at Rathaus-Platz in the Archaeological Zone Cologne. Conclusion p. 7. (PDF; 348 kB)
  39. ↑ Harald Meller, Torsten Schunke: Expert opinion on the excavations at Rathausplatz in the Archaeological Zone Cologne (PDF; 346 kB)
  40. ↑ Conversations about the Archaeological Zone stalled. In: Rheinische Post Düsseldorf. March 14, 2012.
  41. ↑ Alexander Stein: "It would be a catastrophe for the city"; COLOGNE The financing of the new Jewish Museum is at stake. In: Jüdische Allgemeine. August 30, 2012, p. 10.
  42. ^ Stefan Laurin: Populist Protest; Initiatives mobilize against the construction of the Jewish Museum on the Internet . In: Jüdische Allgemeine. January 31, 2013, p. 10.
  43. ↑ New Plans for the Archaeological Zone , accessed February 7, 2013.
  44. ^ Open letter "Pro Museum Archäologische Zone" , accessed on February 7, 2013.
  45. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, January 16, 2013, letters to the editor p. 30. Also published online at gruenekoeln.de .
  46. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger : About Archaeological Zone. City let Wikipedia text beautiful , January 25, 2013, accessed October 18, 2013
  47. ↑ Press release from the City of Cologne on the initiation of disciplinary proceedings and dismissal of Dr. Sven Schüttes as project manager of the Archaeological Zone , accessed on April 10, 2013
  48. ^ WDR 3 (Westdeutscher Rundfunk) Kulturnachrichten from April 11, 2013 ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 11, 2013  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wdr3.de
  49. ↑ Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR) press release dated December 6, 2013 ( Memento of the original dated December 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 6, 2013  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lvr.de
  50. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger (KStA) Cologne, March 7, 2014: Archaeological Zone: Schütte can apply again (ksta) , accessed on March 8, 2014
  51. ↑ Kölnische Rundschau from January 18, 2016: THOMAS OTTEN FOLLOWS SVEN SCHÜTTE. The new director of the Archaeological Zone can start , by Ronald Larmann , accessed on January 25, 2016
  52. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger : Archaeological Zone. Citizens' petition against museum building , September 6, 2013, accessed on October 18, 2013
  53. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger : Archaeological Zone. CDU supports citizens' initiative , October 18, 2013, p. 24
  54. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger : Archaeological Zone. Citizens' initiative started on October 23, 2013, accessed on January 13, 2014
  55. ^ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger : Citizens' petitions against the Jewish Museum. Three hand trucks with signatures , May 8, 2014, accessed on May 22, 2014
  56. ↑ Gundolf Precht : Building history study of the Roman praetorium in Cologne. Rheinland Verlag, Cologne 1973, (Rheinische Ausgrabungen, 14), ISBN 3-7927-0181-2 . Pp. 8-15
  57. ↑ Otto Doppelfeld: The excavations in Cologne's Jewish quarter, p. 88
  58. ↑ Otto Doppelfeld: The excavations in Cologne's Jewish quarter, p. 89
  59. ↑ Otto Doppelfeld: The excavations in Cologne's Jewish quarter, p. 106
  60. ↑ Otto Doppelfeld: The excavations in Cologne's Jewish quarter, pp. 106–129
  61. ↑ Otto Doppelfeld: The excavations in Cologne's Jewish quarter, pp. 71–72
  62. ↑ Otto Doppelfeld: The excavations in Cologne's Jewish quarter, p. 127
  63. ↑ Otto Doppelfeld: The excavations in Cologne's Jewish quarter, pp. 92-106
  64. ^ Sven Seiler: The excavation in the Cologne district of St. Alban. in: Hiltrud Kier, Sven Schütte (Hrsg.): Archeology in Cologne. Volume 1, Greven Verlag, Cologne 1992. ISSN  0943-3635 pp. 46-55
  65. ↑ Cologne archaeological zone. a project as part of the Regionale 2010 - project dossier July 2008, p. 57 ( Memento of the original from May 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 3.7 MB)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / offeneskoeln.de
  66. ^ Sven Schütte: Organizational structures of the Cologne ground monument preservation ; in: Ground monument preservation in North Rhine-Westphalia and Brandenburg. Joint workshop on current issues in Byhleguhre, district of Lübben, from April 21st to 24th, 1993. p. 50, Fig. Extension of the "planned archaeological zone between Praetorium and St. Alban"
  67. ^ Marianne Gechter, Sven Schütte: Between St. Alban and the Jewish quarter in Cologne. The construction site of the new Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in History and Archeology in: Rheinische Heimatpflege Mitteilungen des Rheinisches Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz eV, 35th year, issue 1/98. ISSN  0342-1805 pp. 27-56
  68. ↑ Sven Schütte: The Alemor the Cologne Synagogue to 1270/80 - Gothic Architecture of small from the Cologne Cathedral workshop. Finding, reconstruction and environment; in: Colonia Romanica yearbook of the Förderverein Romanische Kirchen in Köln eV Volume 13, Cologne 1998, ISSN  0930-8555 , pp. 188–215
  69. ^ Jewish art in medieval Cologne. Synagogue art and illumination , in: Jutta Bohnke-Kollwitz (ed.): Cologne and the Rhenish Judaism Festschrift Germanica Judaica 1959–1984, ISBN 3-7616-0719-9 , pp. 52–62
  70. ↑ Marianne Gechter and Schütte: Origin and requirements of the medieval town hall and its surroundings , in: Ulrich Krings (ed.): The Gothic town hall and its historical surroundings ; Row of city ​​tracks. Monuments in Cologne, Vol. 26, JP Bachem Verlag, ISBN 3-7616-1391-1 . Cologne 2000, pp. 69-195.
  71. ↑ Christoph Cluse: Jews on the Lower Rhine during the Middle Ages. A balance sheet ; in: Monika Grübel, Georg Mölich (Hrsg.): Jewish life in the Rhineland. From the Middle Ages to the Present Böhlau Verlag Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2005. ISBN 3-412-11205-4 , pp. 1–27.
  72. ↑ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 59ff.
  73. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (Ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , pp. 85ff.
  74. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 69ff.
  75. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 93ff.
  76. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (Ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 152ff.
  77. ↑ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 39.
  78. ↑ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 137.
  79. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (Ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 163ff .; Urs Willmann: Cologne's Jewish roots. In: The time. No. 47, November 15, 2012, p. 39.
  80. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , pp. 191–194.
  81. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (Ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 163.
  82. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (Ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , p. 172.
  83. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (Ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , pp. 172f.
  84. ^ Sven Schütte, Marianne Gechter (Ed.): Cologne: Archäologische Zone / Jüdisches Museum , pp. 191ff.
  85. ^ Jewish Museum proposal approved - the new museum is called "MiQua". Kölnische Rundschau, December 16, 2016, accessed on December 16, 2016 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 16.5 ″  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 30.6 ″  E