Baden-Württemberg class

Baden-Württemberg class

Frigate F222 Baden-Württemberg in Wilhelmshaven

Ship data country  Germany Ship type frigate Shipyard ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems , Lürssen Construction period Since 2011 Launch of the type ship March 31, 2014 Units built 2, 2 coming period of service Since 2019

Ship dimensions and crew length 149.5 m ( Lüa ) width 18.8 m Draft Max. 5.0 m displacement 7200  t   crew 120 permanent staff and 70 embarked staff

Machine system machine CODLAG drive 1 LM2500 gas turbine from General Electric (20 MW) 4 diesel motors (gensets) 20V 4000 M53B from MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH (12,060 kW) 2 electric motors Renk gearboxes Machine performance 31,600 kW (42,964 hp) Top speed 28 kn (52 km / h) propeller 2

Armament 1 × 127/64 lightweight 8 × RGM-84 Harpoon 2 × 21 RIM-116 RAM 2 × MLG 27 revolver cannon 5 × machine gun "HITROLE NT" 12.7 mm

The Baden-Württemberg class , also known internally as frigate 125 or F125 for short, is a newly introduced frigate class of the German Navy . The four surface combat ships are to replace the former eight ships of the Bremen class (F122). In addition, the Baden-Württemberg class provides expanded capabilities with a new concept. It should be able to stay in the operational area for much longer and, with a larger gun and the embarked special forces, also enable support for land-based combat or stabilization missions.

Design and requirements

Frigate F222 Baden-Württemberg in the Blohm + Voss shipyard in Hamburg in July 2014

The main tasks of the F125 include the surveillance of the sea area in stabilization operations and the support of the deployment of special forces from the sea, as well as the shelling of land targets within the framework of the Joint Tactical Fire Support (STF). The range of tasks thus includes operations in alliance defense and crisis prevention as well as humanitarian rescue missions , combating terrorism and the defense against asymmetrical threats such as pirates . This distinguishes them from the additionally planned, more powerful multi-purpose combat ship 180 .

The essential requirement is intensive usability. This means long maintenance intervals in order to be able to carry out operations lasting up to two years with an average operating time of 5000 sea operating hours per year without having to call at home. This corresponds to almost a doubling of the operating time and a quadrupling of the maintenance intervals compared to the requirements for previous frigate classes. In addition, an interval of 60 months should be achieved for the main repairs. The frigates should also be able to operate under extreme climatic conditions.

Compared to the previous frigates of the German Navy , the crew strength is to be drastically reduced despite the above-average size of the F125 with over 7100 tons of operational displacement . Only 120 instead of the previous 200 to 250 crew members will be permanently on board. Since the increased length of stay in the operational area cannot be borne by one crew alone, there will in fact be a second crew. It is planned to let eight crews rotate through training phases and deployment periods, so that the crew in the deployment area is changed every four months. The crew change takes place seamlessly on site. The desired reduction in the number of manning requires more extensive automation. The systems must be technically designed so that they can be operated and maintained with few personnel. This extremely demanding requirement on the technology, due to the high degree of automation and the long service life in the area of ​​operation, requires that the crew, in addition to their regular operational tasks, have to take on an increased proportion of the planned measures for material conservation in the area of ​​operation. In addition, accommodation capacities for up to 50 people of special or specialized forces including equipment (including a 10-m emergency boat with 40 knots) are provided, which are missing in previous ship types of the German Navy.

Critics of the conception see the ships more as large patrol boats , which are not suitable for combat operations in combat. The class is ideal for operations against pirates and monitoring an arms embargo at sea, but not for naval battles . With its standard ammunition , the 127-millimeter gun has a range of 30 kilometers (for the extended-range Vulcano ammunition, see the section on the turret ); the ship would be at risk when used against land targets, as it would be in the range of simple land-based anti-ship missiles. The F125-class has no means of repelling attacks from missiles and aircraft at medium and long distances. The ships are completely dependent on helicopters for defense against submarines. Conventional frigates, on the other hand, protect a ship's combat formation from air, submarine or missile attacks. At the time of the planned commissioning in 2017, due to the changed global political situation, there was a greater need for such more powerful units than in the conception phase of the Baden-Württemberg class. The order to build the more powerful multi-purpose combat ship 180 had not yet been placed at this time.

procurement

For the development and construction of the frigates, the shipyards ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems and Lürssen to work F125 Frigate (ARGE F125) together. On July 28, 2005, ARGE F125 handed over the construction offer for four frigates to the Federal Office for Defense Technology and Procurement (BWB). The budget committee of the German Bundestag approved the construction of four ships worth 2.6 billion euros on June 20, 2007, despite criticism from the Federal Audit Office . On June 26, 2007, the BWB and ARGE F125 signed the construction contract for four class F125 frigates. Construction of the type ship began on May 9, 2011, and the keel was laid on November 2. Lürssen has a 20 percent stake and is responsible for the construction of the bow sections, Blohm + Voss for the other sections, the final assembly and equipment as well as carrying out the sea tests.

On December 12, 2013, the frigate Baden-Württemberg , costing 750 million euros , was the first ship of the series to be christened in the port of Hamburg. Godmother was Gerlinde Kretschmann, the wife of Winfried Kretschmann , the Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg . On April 16, 2015, North Rhine-Westphalia was christened by Prime Minister Hannelore Kraft . The handover of this ship is now planned for 2019. The third ship was christened Saxony-Anhalt on March 4, 2016 in Hamburg by the wife of Prime Minister Reiner Haseloff , Gabriele Haseloff . Originally, the frigates were to be commissioned from 2014, but this date had to be postponed several times. On April 7, 2016, the Baden-Württemberg was put into operation for the first time as part of the shipyard trials.

Delays and technical problems

Due to the expanded requirements of the Bundeswehr in terms of strength and rigidity as well as more space to accommodate the on-board helicopters , the inflow was postponed in accordance with the amendment contract from 2009 to the years 2016 to 2018. Even before completion, the paint below the waterline had to be renewed in 2015 because shell growth and flaking had occurred due to the use of the wrong color. Before that, there had been delays of months due to the fire protection coating and the cables. Then there were problems with the main drive gearbox. In January 2017, the construction of the four ships was 29 months behind schedule, of which 15 months were due to revisions to the construction, eight months due to inadequate fire protection paint and six months due to delays in laying the 500 kilometers of cable per ship.

The commissioning of the Baden-Württemberg was planned for 2017, but it was returned to the manufacturer at the end of 2017 in order to remedy serious defects. There were problems mainly with the software, but also with the ship's hull and other equipment such as the radar, the water treatment system and the food cooling system. ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems initially named 2018 as the new target for commissioning. The Baden-Württemberg frigate was commissioned on June 17, 2019.

The delivery of the other F125 ships, on the other hand, should not be delayed to any major extent at the end of 2018. The delivery date for North Rhine-Westphalia was postponed to June 10, 2020 at the end of September 2018. The Saxony-Anhalt is to follow in the first quarter of 2021 and the Rhineland-Palatinate in Q3 2,021th

Technology and systems

Sensors

The Baden-Württemberg under construction at Blohm & Voss in Hamburg

• AESA multifunction radar TRS-4D from Hensoldt (formerly Cassidian )
• Navigation radar from Raytheon Anschütz
• Hensoldt MSSR 2000I & LTR 400 friend-foe detection mode 5 / S
• MSP 600-125 electro-optical tracker from Rheinmetall Defense
• SIMONE (Ship Infrared Monitoring Observation and Navigation Equipment) -360 ° monitoring system from Diehl Defense
• Electronic reconnaissance RESM / CESM KORA 18 from GEDIS
• Tactical data link : Link 11 , Link 16 and Link 22
• mobile diver detection sonar (MTDS) Cerberus Mod2 from Atlas Elektronik

Armament

In addition to the main weapon systems, the frigate has a large number of small-caliber tubular weapons due to its special design for asymmetrical threats. Two MLG 27 revolver cannons (27 mm marine light gun) from Rheinmetall amidships and five 12.7 mm RCHMG "HITROLE NT" (Remote Controlled Heavy Machine Gun) from Leonardo SpA (formerly Oto Melara ) are on the starboard and port sides on deck as well scaffolded on the hangar. The latter can be folded down over the railing so that they can fire along the side of the ship. To protect the crew, these systems are operated remotely from the operations center. For passive protection from missiles, the ship has four MASS decoys (Multi Ammunition Softkill System). In addition, body-guided machine guns with a caliber of 12.7 mm can be mounted.

Gun turret

→ Main article : 127/64 Lightweight

The 127 mm gun from Leonardo SpA (formerly Oto Melara) is located on the front deck in front of the RAM launcher. It has a tube length of 8128 millimeters and a weight of 33 tons. The gun is a further development of the 127/54 Compact and, compared to its predecessor, is characterized by a reduced weight and a significantly reduced radar signature. In the lower deck there are four drum magazines, each containing 14 rounds; an automatic loader makes it possible to reload unused magazines while the fire is in progress. The rate of fire is 32 rounds per minute. In addition to firing conventional grenades, the use of Vulcano ammunition is also planned, whereby the combat distance can be increased from 30 km to over 100 km. In addition to sea targets and flying objects in the secondary role, the gun can also fight land targets.

Anti-ship missile

→ Main article : AGM-84 Harpoon

As anti-ship missiles, RGM-84 Harpoon are equipped in two quadruple launchers that are located between the superstructures of the TRS-4D radar system. The Harpoon is powered by a Teledyne turbojet model J402-CA-400 with a thrust of 3.0  kN and started with a booster that provides an additional thrust of 53 kN over 2.9 seconds. The missile has a WDU-18 / B warhead with 221 kilograms of high explosive. The navigation to the destination is carried out with an inertial navigation system , while the Harpoon navigates around 15 meters above the water to the destination during the approach phase. A kink can be built into the flight path in order to approach the target area from a certain direction. As soon as the missile is at a predetermined distance from the suspected target, it switches on its on-board K _u band radar in order to find the target. Alternatively, the radar can be activated immediately after the start or intermittently. As soon as the target is captured, the missile approaches it at an altitude of 2 to 5 meters until the impact. The warhead does not ignite directly on impact, but with a time delay, so that the explosion takes place inside the ship and causes considerably more damage than a contact-igniting weapon. The range is over 140 km.

Close-range defense system

→ Main article : RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile

The Mark 31 Close-In Weapon System consists of the missiles RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile, which are in EX-8 transport canisters. The combination is again referred to as EX-44. The rotating launcher with 21 cells of the Mark 49 type consists of the start box and a mount that was adopted by the Phalanx CIWS and is called the Mark 144 or RAM for short (after the missile used, "Rolling Airframe Missile"). The Baden-Württemberg class has two RAM starters - one between the gun turret and the bridge and one on the hangar. The main task of the short-range defense system is to intercept enemy anti-ship missiles.

The RIM-116 missile is based on an early version of the AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile , the viewfinder was adopted from the FIM-92 Stinger . The missiles are to be delivered in the Block 2 version, which, according to the manufacturer, has significantly increased agility and a range increased to 13 km compared to the older versions. The Mach 3 fast missile has an RF / IR dual viewfinder, which means that the target can be controlled as an anti-radar surface-to-air missile. The RF part is integrated next to the imaging IR viewfinder in the form of four antennas, two of which form “horns” pointing forward. The IR viewfinder in the tip consists of a linear 80-pixel array that, due to the rolling motion of the missile, performs a rosette scan in flight. In the vicinity of the target, additional guidance is provided by the viewfinder’s intelligent image processing, but shooting is only possible using RF guidance. The RAM missile can be used against both air and ground targets. The advantage is that the ship can fire at an emitter purely passively via the FL 1800 S. The fire-and-forget missile automatically searches for the target after it has been fired; an approach is not necessary.

General

The Baden-Württemberg with open compartments for the emergency boats

construction

For the survivability of the ship, the F125 was designed according to the two-island principle . This means that all essential systems are distributed over the two island structures or are redundant . This is why the surfaces of the phased array radar are also mounted on the outside of both island structures. In order to reduce the radar signature of the ship, the side walls are alternately inclined (X-shape) in relation to the water surface. Other superstructures were also designed according to the principle of stealth technology , for example the rescue boats are hidden behind a folding panel.

drive

A CODLAG system with a total output of 29.4  megawatts (MW) is planned for the drive . At cruising speed, the drive is diesel-electric with two electric motors with an output of 4.5 MW each; for maximum speed, a gas turbine with 20 MW can be switched on via the central gearbox. Four diesel generators with an output of 2.9 MW each are installed to generate electricity. A bow thruster with a capacity of 1.0 MW is provided as a maneuvering aid .

Systems

Rear view of the Baden-Wuerttemberg

Atlas Elektronik will be responsible for the command and weapon deployment system and will equip the ships with the tactical data link system as well as designing the overall system for all effectors and sensors and their integration. The high-performance radar is supplied by Hensoldt (formerly Airbus Defense and Space ).

Board helicopter

As with the frigates of Bremen - the Brandenburg - and the Sachsen class that serve two shipboard helicopters combating sea targets, which are outside the weapon range of the frigate itself, and submarine hunting . Two Sea Lynx helicopters are carried. The on-board helicopters are automatically moved from the helipad to the hangar and vice versa with the help of an on-board helicopter moving system . The on-board helicopters can be armed with two modern MU-90 torpedoes for submarine hunting. To start flight operations, the flight deck railing must be folded down and the flight control tower must be occupied. During the submarine hunt, one Sea Lynx carries the diving sonar ("Dipper"), while the other is ready with torpedoes ("Pony"). There is no fixed deployment scheme in the anti-ship role.

Units, squadrons and locations

The F223 and F225 currently under construction in Hamburg

The ships will be subordinated to the 4th frigate squadron of the operational flotilla 2 and stationed at the naval base in Wilhelmshaven .

Identifier	Surname	Callsign	shipyard	Keel laying	Launch	delivery	Commissioning
F222	Baden-Württemberg	DRAD	ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems , Lürssen	November 2, 2011	March 31, 2014	April 30, 2019	17th June 2019
F223	North Rhine-Westphalia	DRAE	ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems , Lürssen	October 24, 2012	April 9, 2015	1st September 2017	June 10, 2020
F224	Saxony-Anhalt	DRAF	ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems , Lürssen	4th June 2014	2016	expected September 30, 2018 [obsolete]00	expected 1st quarter 2021
F225	Rhineland-Palatinate	DRAG	ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems , Lürssen	January 29, 2015	May 24, 2017	probably in winter 2019/2020	expected 3rd quarter 2021

It is planned to set up eight crews (Alpha to Hotel) for the four frigates, who will rotate through the various phases of training, exercise and deployment as part of the multi-crew concept, regardless of the platform.

Commanders

No.	Crew ALPHA	Crew BRAVO	Crew CHARLIE	Crew DELTA	Crew ECHO	Crew FOXTROT	Crew GOLF	Crew HOTEL
1.	Frigate captain Markus Venker October 6, 2014	Frigate captain Bjorn Baggesen April 1, 2015	Frigate captain Stefan Schulz 4th july 2016	Frigate captain Bjorn Baggesen April 1, 2017
2.		Frigate captain Andreas Conc April 1, 2017		Frigate captain Elmar Bornkessel October 12, 2018

See also

• List of ships of the Bundeswehr

literature

• Rudolf Braun: Class 125 - The new frigate for stabilization tasks . In: Hansa . No. 2/2008 . Hamburg 2008, p. 31-34 .
• André René Averhoff, Andreas Grudda, Karl-Heinrich Riemke: New class of frigates for stabilization tasks . In: Ship & Harbor . No. 9/2009 . Seehafen-Verlag, 2009, ISSN  0938-1643 , p. 44-49 .
• Tim Becker: Class F125 Frigate - First Interim Result . In: European Security and Defense . No. 1/2011 . Mittler-Report-Verlag, S. 60–63 ( docstoc ( memento of February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed November 7, 2016]).
• Hans Karr: The class 125 frigate construction project . In: Hansa . No. 5/2012 . Hamburg 2012, p. 24-27 .

Web links

Commons : Baden-Württemberg class  - collection of images

• "Baden-Württemberg" class frigate (125) In: marine.de
• Germany's F125 Special Forces and Stabilization Frigates In: defenseindustrydaily.com (English)
• Concept and range of applications ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 203 kB) MarineForum 7 / 8-2004
• Information on Vulcano ammunition ( Memento of July 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) MarineForum 5-2007

Footnotes

1. ↑ ^{a b} Karr: The building project frigate class 125. In: Hansa. No. 5/2012, pp. 24-27.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Class 125 frigate. (PDF; 89 kB) RK Marine Kiel, December 27, 2007, accessed on January 30, 2015 . 
3. ↑ Marion Starke: New guy at the start. (No longer available online.) In: Y-Magazin 05/2014. Bundeswehr, May 15, 2014, formerly in the original ; accessed on January 30, 2015 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
4. ↑ Mittler Verlag: European Security and Technology / December 2015; Page 85–87.
5. ↑ Our new super frigate - not yet in service and already out of date. Stern.de. 18th January 2017.
6. ↑ Andreas Flocken: Subsidy Policy by the Bundeswehr? Navy gets F 125 frigates for more than two billion euros. Berlin Information-center for Transatlantic Security, June 30, 2007, accessed January 30, 2015 . 
7. ^ ^{A b} Daniel Grübel: Frigate Baden-Württemberg - Keel laying for a milestone. Federal Ministry of Defense , November 3, 2011, accessed on December 19, 2011 . 
8. ^ ^{A b} Hendrik Kranert-Rydzy: Reiner Haseloff in Hamburg. Warship christened "Sachsen-Anhalt". In: mz-web.de. Mitteldeutsche Zeitung , March 4, 2016, accessed on March 6, 2016 . 
9. ↑ Second class 125 frigate christened in Hamburg. In: thyssenkrupp-marinesystems.com. ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, April 15, 2014, accessed April 17, 2015 . 
10. ↑ Test run successful. Retrieved June 17, 2019 . 
11. ↑ Alexander Gottschalk: Third ship of the new frigate class 125 christened. In: marine.de. Federal Ministry of Defense, March 4, 2016, accessed on March 5, 2016 . 
12. ↑ Dennis Schneider: "We are happy that it starts". In: marine.de. Federal Ministry of Defense, April 7, 2016, accessed on April 7, 2016 . 
13. ↑ New trouble with the frigate 125 Spiegel Online from November 27, 2015
14. ↑ And then the captain showed what the F125 can do at Welt.de on January 14, 2017
15. ^ Frank Behling: Navy frigate christened in Hamburg. In: Kiel News. December 12, 2013, accessed January 13, 2013 . 
16. ↑ ^{a b} NDR: Bundeswehr returns brand new frigate. Retrieved December 22, 2017 . 
17. ↑ German Navy ushers in a new era - frigate "Baden-Württemberg" becomes part of the fleet. Navy Press and Information Center, accessed June 12, 2019 . 
18. ↑ ^{a b} Frigate "Baden-Württemberg" goes into service. In: NDR Aktuell. June 17, 2019, accessed June 17, 2019 . 
19. ↑ https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/oldenburg_ostfriesland/Fregatte-Nordrhein-Westfalen-in-Dienst-gestell,fregatte1702.html
20. ↑ Expensive breakdown frigate breaks down even longer than expected - crew frustrates Focus.de on January 20, 2018
21. ↑ Baden-Württemberg class F125. Retrieved June 11, 2020 . 
22. ^ The new Bundeswehr frigate will come later. In: Zeit Online. ZEIT ONLINE, Reuters, sre, September 28, 2018, accessed on September 29, 2018 . 
23. ↑ New TRS-4D marine radar from Cassidian proves its efficiency. ( Memento of the original from February 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: cassidian.com. Retrieved February 17, 2013. 
24. ↑ Integrated bridge and navigation system for frigate F 125 under contract. (PDF) Raytheon Anschütz, August 26, 2008, archived from the original on April 7, 2014 ; accessed on January 30, 2015 . 
25. ↑ 127_64 LW. Leonardo's website, accessed May 1, 2017.
26. ↑ Hans Karr: New large-caliber weapon for the German Navy. (PDF) In: Marineforum , No. 3 2013, accessed on May 1, 2017.
27. ^ Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems, 1997-1998 . US Naval Inst Pr, 2007, ISBN 1-55750-268-4 , pp. 316 .
28. ^ ^{A b} Norman Friedman: The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems . US Naval Inst Pr, 2006, ISBN 1-55750-262-5 , pp. 262-263 .
29. ↑ ^{a b c} Free Gyro Imaging IR Sensor In Rolling Airframe Missile Application. In: Raytheon Missile Systems. Retrieved January 4, 2014 .  
30. ^ ^{A b} Norman Polmar: The Naval Institute Guide to the Ships and Aircraft of the US Fleet . US Naval Inst Pr, 2005, ISBN 1-59114-685-2 , pp. 519 .
31. ↑ Gernot Kramper: Our new super frigate - not yet in service and already out of date. January 18, 2017, accessed May 2, 2017 . 
32. ↑ Atlas electronics for the F125 ( memento from January 17, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), September 8, 2009.
33. ↑ CASSIDIAN supplies a new type of high-performance radar for F125 frigates. In: bdli.de. Federal Association of the German Aerospace Industry , accessed on January 29, 2011.
34. ↑ The Navy needs the Sea Lion. In: marine.de. Federal Ministry of Defense, November 26, 2014, accessed on March 5, 2016 . 
35. ^ New navy frigate with a traditional name. In: presseportal.de. Federal Ministry of Defense, December 20, 2011, accessed on January 16, 2012 . 
36. ↑ ^{a b} Tim Becker: Class F125 Frigate - First Interim Result . In: European Security and Defense . No. 1/2011 . Mittler Report Verlag, S. 60–63 ( online [accessed January 30, 2015]). Class F125 Frigate - First Interim Result ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
37. ↑ Half -finished frigate Sachsen Anhalt (F125 class) on the way to Blohm + Voss in Hamburg. In: schiffsjournal.de. April 12, 2015, accessed June 12, 2016.
38. ↑ NV issue 01/2014. ( Memento of the original from January 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: newsletter-verteidigung.de. Retrieved July 25, 2014. 
39. ↑ Class F125: "Baden-Württemberg" handed over to the Bundeswehr. April 30, 2019, accessed May 1, 2019 . 
40. ^ Keel laying of the second class 125 frigate in Lemwerder. seefahrer.blog.de, December 20, 2012, archived from the original on July 27, 2014 ; Retrieved February 17, 2013 . 
41. ↑ Second ship of the new frigate class 125 christened. In: marine.de. Federal Ministry of Defense, April 16, 2015, accessed on April 17, 2015 . 
42. ↑ Video: The frigate entered the home port for the first time. Wilhelmshavener Zeitung, September 2, 2017, accessed on September 9, 2017 . 
43. ↑ Dates 2020. Freundeskreis Frigatte NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN e. V., accessed on February 24, 2020 . 
44. ↑ Marcel Schaffhausen: New frigate "Sachsen-Anhalt" laid on keel. In: marine.de. Federal Ministry of Defense, June 5, 2014, accessed on January 30, 2015 . 
45. ↑ Baden-Württemberg class F125. Retrieved June 11, 2020 . 
46. ^ Last keel laying of the frigate class F 125. In: marine.de. Federal Ministry of Defense, January 29, 2015, accessed on January 29, 2015 . 
47. ↑ Baden-Württemberg class F125. Retrieved June 11, 2020 . 
48. ↑ The first "old man" of the F 125 frigates was appointed. In: www.marine.de. Retrieved August 24, 2016 . 
49. ↑ New milestone reached in the 4th frigate squadron. In: www.marine.de. Retrieved August 24, 2016 . 
50. ↑ Double change - crew "Charlie" and the teaching group A of the naval non-commissioned officer school are listening to a new command. In: www.marine.de. Retrieved August 24, 2016 . 
51. ↑ Stephan Giesers: The ship will still come. In: Wilhelmshavener Zeitung. October 12, 2018, accessed October 12, 2018 .