Neuwerk (Mönchengladbach)

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Neuwerk is a district of the urban district Mönchengladbach in North Rhine-Westphalia . It is located in the Mönchengladbach Ost district . Until October 22, 2009, Neuwerk was also the name of a city district. The districts Bettrath-Hoven , Flughafen , Neuwerk-Mitte and Uedding , which meanwhile also belong to the Mönchengladbach Ost district, belonged to this district .

location

Neuwerk borders the town of Korschenbroich and the Niers in the east, the Mönchengladbach district of Eicken in the south, the town of Viersen in the west and the town of Willich in the north .

structure

The former Neuwerk district consisted of the honors Damm, Donk , Dünn, Engelbleck, Neersbroich, Lockhütte , Bettrath, Hoven, Eicken (partly), Uedding (since 1836), Lürrip (partly, since 1836).

history

Aerial view of Neuwerk before 1921. In the middle church and monastery, at the top left of the picture Neuwerk train station. The town hall can be seen above the church.

Around 1130 a court chapel was built on an estate in the northeast of the Gladbach Benedictine Abbey , which is first mentioned in a document dated December 5, 1135 as the novum oratorium . This courtyard chapel was expanded into a three-aisled church from around 1160 and expanded into a monastery with appropriate residential and farm buildings. Up until the abolition of the monastery in 1802, noble Benedictine nuns from well-known Rhenish families worked here. The settlement area, consisting of scattered courtyards, belonged to Niedergeburth, a tax district in the northeast of the Gladbach Unteramt. Neuwerk has belonged to the Grevenbroich office in the Duchy of Jülich since the Middle Ages . In 1794 French revolutionary troops occupied the area. Today's district achieved its first political independence in 1798 as a municipal agency, later Mairie Unterstiedergeburth , when the Gladbach sub-office was broken up by the French occupation and an administration based on the French model was established in its place. The Mairie Unterstiedergeburt belonged to the canton of Neersen in the Arrondissement of Krefeld in the Département de la Roer . The name Unteriedergeburth initially remained under Prussian rule from 1815. In 1836, the mayor's office in Unterstiedergeburth was expanded with a municipal reorganization of the Gladbach area to include the honors of Uedding and part of the honors of Lürrip, which until then had been part of the neighboring Oberniedergeburth, and from then on bore the name of mayor's Neuwerk . The name Neuwerk is derived from the Latin novum opus , but originally only referred to the monastery itself. The immediate area in which the monastery was built was called Kranendonk, the wider area was called Niedergeburth . Neuwerk has belonged to the town of M.-Gladbach in the Gladbach district since 1921 . After its dissolution in 1929, Neuwerk was part of the town of Gladbach-Rheydt, which existed until 1931, and after the separation of Rheydt and Gladbach, it was part of M. Gladbach . A population census on January 1, 2000 showed a population of 20,962 inhabitants . After the reorganization of the city districts in 2009, the current population of today's Neuwerk-Mitte district is 6,451 (as of March 31, 2013). Neuwerk-Mitte is now one of the smaller districts of the new eastern district.

religion

The community of Unterniedergeburth belonged to the Catholic parish of St. Mariä Himmelfahrt in Gladbach. In the monastery church in Neuwerk itself, which has been documented since 1135, mass was initially only held for the nuns of the Benedictine monastery, but since 1466 the residents of the surrounding courtyards have also been able to attend the services there. The actual foundation of the parish did not come about until the parish was raised on May 17, 1804. The Benedictine monastery had already been closed in 1802 and the church was left to the former Carmelite Michael Giesen to celebrate mass there. The church was placed under the patronage of St. Mary of the Assumption, co-patron saint is St. Barbara . In addition to the political district of Unterstiedergeburth, the parish also included the Honschaft Uedding, which resulted in the parish and parish boundaries being brought into line with the municipal reorganization in 1836.

1890-1891 of the foundation of the 1872 deceased Johann Matthias Dohr in Honschaft Bettrath was made by the capital Sacred Heart Church built initially as Rector, since 1899 as an independent parish under the patronage of the Sacred Heart of Jesus , the Honschaft Bettrath and Hoven looks after. In 1957 the parish vicarie was finally founded in the southern Honschaft Uedding, under the patronage of St. Pius X was asked.

In 2004, as part of the restructuring in the Diocese of Aachen, the community of the Neuwerk communities with the parishes of Bettrath, Uedding and Neuwerk was founded, which was led by a pastoral team. After the two Catholic priests left, the parish was briefly looked after by the pastor from the neighboring parish of Lürrip; Until January 2013 the regional dean was the parish administrator, since January 2013 Pastor Biste has been the leading pastor of the newly founded parish Maria von den Aposteln Neuwerk, which includes the former parishes of the Assumption of Mary Neuwerk, St. Pius X. Uedding and Herz Jesu Bettrath.

A smaller proportion of the population belongs to the Protestant Church. The Protestant community, formerly belonging to Mönchengladbach, now maintains its own community center with the Karl-Immer-Haus in the district of Hoven and maintains a close, friendly relationship with its Catholic neighbors.

administration

Independent municipality

The mayor's office in Neuwerk, which emerged from the mayor's office in Unteriedergeburth in 1836 , was headed by a mayor who was assisted by an alderman and the local council. As the population grew, so did the number of councilors, up to three in 1917, as did the number of local councilors.

In 1836 the congregation rented a room near the church as a congregation office, and it was not until 1858 that a new town hall was built on today's Dammer Straße, which was expanded in 1884 and 1894. After this no longer met the requirements, a new town hall was built on Liebfrauenstrasse from 1905–1907, which still serves as an administrative office today.

Seven mayors ran the community between 1836 and 1921:

  • Johann-Peter Boelling
  • Jacob Kühnhaus
  • Anton Heinrich Compes
  • Wilhelm Speckmann
  • Wilhelm Holl
  • Werner Breuer
  • Everhard von Groote

Borough

After the incorporation into the city of Mönchengladbach in April 1921, an administrative branch was set up in Neuwerk, which was initially headed by an alderman from the city of M. Gladbach; after the Second World War, district councils, today district representatives, were set up, headed by a district head.

Were district chairmen of Neuwerk since 1945

  • Johann Gerichhausen
  • Peter Schumacher
  • Otto Plum
  • Peter Hüttemann
  • Peter Schumacher
  • Elisabeth Heitzer
  • Norbert Post
  • Hermann-Josef Krichel-Mäurer

Sights and leisure

Neuwerk Monastery

The monastery church in Neuwerk is the second oldest building in Mönchengladbach.

The Neuwerk monastery of the Salvatorians with the church, which was restored between 1965 and 1974, forms the cultural and historical center of the town. In addition to being used as a monastery church, cultural events and concerts are held here several times a year. The Neuwerk monastery church is also known nationwide as a historical gem.

Museum Priorhaus (local history museum)

The association Neuwerker Heimatfreunde e. V. maintains a small local museum not far from the monastery church in the prior house, which deals with the history of the district and can be visited by arrangement. The Priorhaus was built in 1771 and rebuilt a few meters in the direction of the monastery in 1958/59 as part of the widening of Engelblecker Strasse.

town hall

The town hall, inaugurated in 1907, today the Mönchengladbach-Ost district administration, housed the municipal administration until it was incorporated in 1921 and then served as a municipal administrative branch. The listed building serves as an example of an art nouveau building designed with simple means.

The Priorhaus Museum on Engelblecker Strasse is run by the Neuwerker Heimatfreunde eV association and can be viewed by appointment.

Schützenbaum

In 2004 a shooting tree for the two brotherhoods from Neuwerk-Mitte was erected on Peter-Schumacher-Platz. All five honors (Damm, Dünn, Engelbleck, Neersbroich-Donk and Uedding) are shown on it, as well as all riflemen from the two brotherhoods. On the Schützenbaum you can also see drawings on the course of the Neuwerker Schützenfest, which were created by the Neuwerker artist Willi Wirtz.

Huppertzhof

In what is now the Uedding district (which until 2009 belonged to the former Neuwerk district), the lavishly restored Huppertzhof, a courtyard that was formerly fenced in by ramparts and moats, is now used by the artist Heinz Mack as an apartment and studio.

Banks of the Rhine

In the Neuwerker Donk you can still see the course of the arm of the Rhine that was drained in Roman times by a Rhine breach near Neuss.

Events and anniversaries

The 850th anniversary of the first mention of the monastery in 1135 was celebrated in the Neuwerk district in 1985 with a large historical fair. In 1997 the celebration of the 500th anniversary of the Neuwerker St. Barbara Brotherhood followed as the oldest of the Neuwerker brotherhoods. The 200th anniversary of the Catholic parish was celebrated in 2004 with a knight's camp in the shadow of the monastery, in 2005 the 250th anniversary of the St. Maria Junggesellenbruderschaft Neuwerk-Kloster eV followed , in 2010 the 875th anniversary of the district closes with a large historical market around the monastery.

Every year since 1966, the Jakob-Brunnen Festival has been celebrated on the last Sunday in July on the centrally located Peter-Schumacher-Platz, during which free beer is served for a few hours at the fountain of the same name. Immediately afterwards, the summer festival of the Heimatverein takes place at the Priorhaus Museum. The Neuwerker district of Uedding celebrates the "Kuhlenfest" in the Huppertz-Kuhlen a week later.

further sights: Honschaftskapelle Dünn , Honschaftskapelle Engelbleck, cenotaph on the monastery wall, Neuwerk parish church

Club life

The Neuwerk district has a lively club life. The residents are currently (as of 2009) organized in approx. 60 clubs and associations, which cover a wide range of interests. The Carnival Society Uehllöeker , which emerged from the KG "d'r ewige Talp" founded in 1936, is dedicated to winter customs and in 2010 was responsible for the first time as the organizer of the traditional Rose Monday procession in the Neuwerk district. In the sporting field, the " Radfahrverein Adler ", founded in 1901, should be mentioned above all , which has won a large number of German and international titles. The Neuwerker Heimatfreunde eV association, founded in 1936, is also concerned with researching and documenting Neuwerker's history. The sports clubs Turnerschaft Neuwerk eV and Sportfreunde Neuwerk 06 eV also play a major role in the district.

Brotherhoods

There are a total of four rifle brotherhoods in the former Neuwerk district. Two of these brotherhoods are based in the Neuwerk-Mitte district. First of all, the St. Barbara Brotherhood Neuwerk e. V. called. It is over 500 years old (first known mention in 1497) and the root of the other brotherhoods. The second large brotherhood in Neuwerk (monastery) is the St. Maria Junggesellenbruderschaft Neuwerk-Kloster e. V. , which was demonstrably founded in 1755, but also existed before that. The early fair (shooting festival) is celebrated by the two brotherhoods of the Neuwerk-Mitte district together with the two brotherhoods of the Bettrath-Hoven district on the weekend after Ascension Day. A very special highlight are the joint parades and pageants of these four brotherhoods on the Sunday of the fair. All four brotherhoods have their headquarters in the parish of Mary of the Apostles, which has existed since 2013. Another brotherhood that has its seat in both Neuwerk-Mitte and Bettrath-Hoven is the St. Matthias Brotherhood. It is a prayer brotherhood that goes on pilgrimages to Trier to the grave of the apostle Matthias twice a year .

Legends and stories

Neuwerker Heimatlied

Around 1918 the Neuwerker elementary school teacher Johannes Maria Giesen composed the Neuwerker Heimatlied, which is still popular and often heard today:

Where at the edge of the Niers the rift stretches out,
where the Donk leans against the edge of the forest,
where
many a house laughs between the orchards and the flowers, facing away from the big city,
there is a beautiful place, a work of God,
there my home is mine, there is new work.


Where, when the sun wakes up, the blackbird calls,
where the lark sways in clear air,
where the happy song of the finches sounds
and the nightingale never wants to tire,
there is a ...


Where from the dark space of bygone times
sag 'and history are lined up in a wreath,
where Krahnendonk Castle once stood,
where now a monastery rises up as a new work,
there is a ...


Where my cradle was, where my mother's heart
beat for me in pleasure and pain,
where I learned this little song as a child,
where I am always drawn to new longings,
there is a ...

Krahnendonk Castle

The Neuwerker Sagenschatz reports on a Krahnendonk Castle that stood near the monastery that was later built there. Its owner is reported to have been harsh and unjust towards the people. After an early summer ride, during which he is said to have tormented a farmer, the castle collapsed with a great roar and sank into the ground after his return. This is also reported in the third stanza of the Neuwerker Heimatlied. In the publication Our Home by the commission publisher Fritz Kerle (M. Gladbach, 1926) it says: “Tides of water penetrated in from all sides and covered the sunken glory with a deep, dark lake. Old people, especially those born on St. Barbara's Night, claim to have heard the wailing of the unhappy castle residents and the roar of the animals from the depths of the water on quiet spring nights. "

The historical core of this legend can be assumed in the documented arson of a compartmental estate, in the course of which the reconstruction of the courtyard chapel was created, from which the Neuwerk monastery later emerged.

traffic

Road traffic

Neuwerk is connected to the motorway network via three motorway junctions : The Mönchengladbach-Nord junction on the A 52 is in the Bettrath-Hoven district, and the Mönchengladbach-Neuwerk junction, which is also on the A 52, leads to Neuwerk-Mitte and the Mönchengladbach-Ost junction the A 44 provides the connection to the Neuwerk-Mitte, Flughafen and Uedding districts.

Several NEW mobil und aktiv Mönchengladbach bus lines connect the district directly to Mönchengladbach city center, other districts and the neighboring cities of Viersen and Willich. The central transfer point is at Neuwerker Markt.

air traffic

The Mönchengladbach airfield (also known as Mönchengladbach Airport or Düsseldorf Mönchengladbach Airport ) is located in the northeast of the city district.

Rail transport

The Mönchengladbach-Neuwerk train station was centrally located in the city district on the Krefeld – Rheydt railway line , which forms the dividing line between Bettrath-Hoven and Neuwerk-Mitte. From there passenger trains went to Krefeld Hauptbahnhof and Mönchengladbach Hauptbahnhof . The connection from Neuwerk to Mönchengladbach Central Station was destroyed in World War II. Until 1982, passenger trains still ran between Neuwerk and Krefeld Hauptbahnhof. The reception building of the Neuwerker train station is still well preserved today and serves as a residential building.

The tracks of the former Neersen train station were also partially located in the Neuwerker area . This was located at the intersection of the Krefeld – Rheydt railway with the Neuss – Viersen railway , which today has been closed and dismantled except for the Neuss – Kaarst section .

literature

  • Hans Nolden: Our home - a local history of the M. Gladbach-Rheydter industrial district and its immediate surroundings. Mönchengladbach 1926, DNB 365933880 .
  • Karl L. Mackes: From the old new work. Volume 2, Mönchengladbach 1972, DNB 730470180 .
  • Pictures from the old new factory. Volume I, 1st edition. Neuwerker Heimatfreunde, 1997.
  • Pictures from the old new factory. Volume II, 1st edition. 2002, ISBN 3-00-010640-5 .
  • Pictures from the old new factory. Volume III, 1st edition. Neuwerker Heimatfreunde, 2011, ISBN 978-3-9813295-1-3 .
  • Holger Schallenburger (Ed.): Against the Gladbacher objections. History of the parish of St. Mary's Assumption, Neuwerk. Mönchengladbach 2004, ISBN 3-00-013380-1 .

Web links

Commons : Neuwerk  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Administrative history

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 '  N , 6 ° 28'  E