Treene
The Treene ( Low German Treen , Danish : Trene (n) ; for naming see Treia ) is a northern and orographically right tributary of the Eider in the Schleswig part of the state Schleswig-Holstein . The Treene thus belongs to the Eider river basin district .
geomorphology
Emergence
The upper reaches of the Treene up to the edge of the Vistula Ice Age near Oeversee was created around 14,000 years ago in the course of the receding of the Vistula Ice Age glaciers by flowing melt water. A subglacial fore-installation under the ice is likely. The upper reaches of the Treene, which largely follows an east-west flow direction, is part of the Schleswig-Holstein hill country . On the eastern edge of the Schleswig Geest , the direction of flow changes to the south. There the Treene emerges on the Sander from the Vistula Period , which is why its middle and lower reaches are classified as geologically older and presumably as highly glacial .
Floodplain sedimentation
Recent studies on the prehistoric and historical sedimentation behavior of the Treene show a strong sedimentation surge from the late Middle Ages and the early modern period until today. This is with an intensification of agriculture in their catchment area and z. Sometimes justified with forest clearing. The floodplain sediments found are older in the lower middle reaches than in the upper middle reaches, where they almost completely cover a low valley bog.
history
In Hollingstedt the Treene reaches an isthmus of historical importance. The Vikings from Haithabu on the Baltic Sea used the navigable part of the river from Hollingstedt as an entrance to the North Sea.
Until well into the Middle Ages, the valley stretched south from Treia to the Stapelholm ridge and then west to the Eiderstedt peninsula .
During the second Marcellus flood in 1362, the sea broke northeast of the village of Uelvesbüll into the Witzwort- Lundenberg sand wall, creating a connection between Hever and Eider. This connection was called Nordereider . In the course of land reclamation in the following centuries, Everschop grew back together with the Harden Utholm and Eiderstedt to form the peninsula , whereby the Nordereider disappeared again.
course
Usually the Bondenau and Kielstau (pronounced "Kielst-Au", partly also Kielsau , Kiels-Au) are specified as the two source rivers of the Treene, which then begins with the outflow from the Treßsee. However, the Kielstau no longer flows directly into the Treßsee, but nowadays into the Bondenau, about 500 m before it flows into the Treßsee. And the name Treene is also on the current maps at Bondenau.
The 20.43 km long Bondenau and with it the Treene rises near the North Sea-Baltic Sea watershed at a height of about 50 m above sea level. NHN in the north of the municipality of Mohrkirch between its district Pattburg and the neighboring town of Ahneby . Hydrologically and hydrographically , the Bondenau above the Kielstau estuary 19.64 km long (19.07 km classified) is the source of the Treene. Its catchment area above the confluence ( GKZ 95221 as the uppermost section of 9522) measures 77.6 km², that of the 17.17 km long Kielstau ( GKZ 95222) only 48.5 km². The long-term mean discharge (MQ) of the Bondenau at the Mühlenbrück gauge just above the confluence is 0.82 m³ / s, significantly more than half of the 1.38 m³ / s of the Treene at the Augaard gauge, 0.9 km below the Treßsee.
The name Treene traditionally began on the Treßsee between Großsolt and Oeversee . From there it is 73.4 km of the river to the confluence with the Tideeider near Friedrichstadt . Shortly before the mouth it is through sluices against the tide shielded.
From the Treßsee to Tüdal, the Treene flows through the major nature conservation project Obere Treenelandschaft for about 18 km . The stretch of river from Langstedt to Treia serves as a paddling area over a length of 57 km. The left bank of the Treene between Treia and Friedrichstadt belongs to the historical Stapelholm landscape , the west side to the area of the Schwabstedter Geest.
Catchment area
The catchment area of the Treene has an area of 797 km² and a lowland area of 76 km². The lowland area is able to absorb an additional 11 million m³ of water (as of 1987). During storms flood the North Sea often the water level of the lower Eider during falls Tidenniedrigwassers not far enough off to drain water from the Treene in the Eider to, fell . Sometimes this affects several ebbs in a row. Then the upper water of the Treene accumulates in its broad lower course between Schwabstedt and Friedrichstadt. That is why the dikes were raised there in the 1960s. However, they are significantly lower than those on the Eider below the weir system and the Nordfeld lock and than the Eider Barrage .
Water management
Around 1460, the construction of the dyke began on the east bank of the lower and middle Treene with the 1.5 km long dyke on the Norderstapeler Marsch . This was followed - piece by piece - from the Seebüll headland at the mouth of the river via the Mildter Koog , the Sether Nordfeld , the Osterfelder Koog and the Norderstapeler Westermarsch .
Ultimately, only the mudflats and meadows on the east bank of the Treene, from the new river mouth via Seebüll to the Mildter Koog, were unimportant. The dike line on the middle course of the Treene, on the east side of the Schwabstedter Geest, was incomplete. There were only a few section dikes there.
Damming the Treene
Before the Treene was dammed, its drainage had to be re-regulated. To this end, a dike was first built along the Eider, from the southern tip of the Oldekoog, over Seebüll, up to about half the length in the direction of the old Treene estuary at Saxfähre. Four sluices (each 2.00 × 1.80 m) were built into the dike. Starting from the intended reservoir of the Treene, two drainage ditches were created, which forked halfway, so that each of the four ditches ultimately reached one of the sluices. This allowed the drainage to be regulated. The continuations of the trenches beyond the sluice flowed into the Eider.
After Eiderdeich and Siele were finished, a breakthrough was built through the Treene in 1574. It led from the (northern) Treenedeich near Koldenbüttel in a straight line southwards to the western end of the newly built Eiderdeich. The dam that interrupted the old Treenelauf became a railway embankment a few hundred years later. Today the Friedrichstadt train station stands there.
Early additions
The area in the march and called Seebüll, on which Duke Friedrich III. von Schleswig-Gottorf founded Friedrichstadt in 1621, was created in 1573 by the damming of the Treene ordered by Adolf von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf .
The work was finally completed with a further extension of the lock dike westwards through the old mouth of the Treene. This closed the Eiderdeich line. The Freesenkoog was created behind the dike. The damming of the trees in 1573/74 was successful, but the problem of inland flooding remained.
In the 18th century, attempts were made to improve the drainage of the trees and flood protection; a representation from the middle of the century shows a new sewer west of Friedrichstadt. Instead, two of the original four sluices that opened into the harbor from the canals on the outskirts have disappeared.
Hollingstedter Graft
The residents of Norderstapel dared to try to help themselves by building a relief channel from the Treene to concern . At the orders of the rulers they had to give up the canal that had been started without permission. The failed attempt, however, brought a relief channel in the Dorfstedter lowlands. The ditch known as Hollingstedter Graft only existed for twenty-five years:
Duke Friedrich III. had the Hollingstedter Graft filled up again: in order to be able to use the canals in Friedrichstadt, a higher river water level had to be guaranteed. Damming regulations have been negotiated for the high water level in the Friedrichstadt harbor . After many conflicts, Duke Friedrich III. the stapelholm dike order of 1625 .
20th century
The construction of the Eider Canal, completed in 1784, and the interruption of the Eider by the construction of the Kiel Canal , opened in 1895 , led to the North Sea tide penetrating as far as Rendburg. To interrupt this, the weir system and lock Nordfeld was built in 1934–1936 , but the floods in the remaining Tideneider to the west caused the floods to rise even further. In 1955/56 the dike near Friedrichstadt was moved forward. This new dike now has two passages: The larger system is located on the western Sielzug (feed line to Siel) and is called the “Eiderschleuse”. It consists of a shipping lock and a three-part sewer system. The smaller system in front of the eastern edge of the old town is called the “rinsing sluice” and consists of only one sewer. The previous sluices no longer exist today. To protect the old town and its canals from inland flooding from the Treene, there are three stem gates in the hands of the Eider-Treene Association :
- Departure of the Ostersielzug from the Treene reservoir,
- Departure of the central castle moat from the Westersielzug,
- Departure of the Fürstenburggraben from the Westersielzug.
The Eider-Treene Association, as well as the water and soil associations of the Middle Treene and Upper Treene have worked on different sections of the river:
- Creation of polders,
- Straightening the river bed,
- Defusing the river bends.
The tidal course of the target water Eider is today strongly influenced by human hands. To counteract the silting up of the tidal waves, the tidal currents are not allowed to flow in and out unhindered as originally intended, but rather an attempt is made to generate intermittent currents through a special management of the opening and closing times. On average over the last 10 years, the mean tidal range at Friedrichstadt is 216 cm, the mean spring tide range 232 cm, and the mean nipptide range 186 cm.
Animal species
The Eider-Treene-Sorge lowland is a retreat for migratory birds , especially for white storks near Bergenhusen .
Various types of fish can be found near Friedrichstadt, including eel , aland , brown trout , bream , perch , pike , carp , roach , catfish , pikeperch , sea trout , salmon , brook lamprey and rudd . Other common species are the two entrained and not originally occurring in Europe cancers Chinese mitten crab and crayfish .
tourism
There is a river bathing establishment in Schwabstedt . Motorized sports boats can also drive the Treene from Kreisstraße 56 “Natobrücke” to the mouth; from Schwabstedt to the estuary with sailing boats.
There is an Eider-Treene-Sorge cycle path .
See also
- Burchardi flood (Second Mandrank) from 1634
literature
- Christian Stolz, Daniel Nass, Alexander Fülling: Process - response systems on the floodplains of lowland rivers: Results from the Treene River in the northernmost part of Germany concerning human impact and carbon budgeting. In: Journal of Geomorphology. NF 60, Suppl. 1, 2016, pp. 49-77.
- Martin Becker, Gert Kaster: Eider-Treene-Sorge cultural landscape. Wachholtz, Neumünster 2005, ISBN 3-529-02518-6 .
- Guus J. Borger: The Dorstedter or Hollingstedter Graft. Water management and politics in the Treenen lowlands. In: Klaus Brandt (Ed.): Hollingstedt an der Treene. A river port from the Viking Age and the Middle Ages for transit traffic between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Wachholtz, Neumünster 2012, ISBN 978-3-529-01811-4 .
- Uwe Nagel: Landscape analysis Treene between Oeversee and Friedrichstadt. Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1987, OCLC 255295046 .
- Gerd Quedenbaum: flood. The Eider Association . A contribution to the history of the dike and drainage system in the central Eider region. Eider-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1999, ISBN 3-921908-08-6 .
- Gerd Quedenbaum: Sorge and Treene, tributaries of the Eider. Eider-Verlag, Düsseldorf around 1984, ISBN 3-921908-09-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.umweltdaten.landsh.de/atlas/script/index.php → Gewässernetz, R = 3547103 H = 6063176
- ↑ a b c The Augaard gauge is 72.5 kilometers from the mouth of the Treene river and 0.9 kilometers from the Treßsee
- ↑ Friedrichstadt Eider mill
- ↑ The negative flow values are caused by wave movements when the discharge has just been interrupted by the closing of the sluice gates (identical explanations by the lock keeper and the WSA Tönning / Mr Baier)
- ^ A b Uwe Nagel: Landscape analysis Treene between Oeversee and Friedrichstadt. Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1987, p. 10f.
- ↑ C. Stolz, D. Nass, A. Fülling: Process - response systems on the floodplains of lowland rivers: Results from the Treene River in the northernmost part of Germany concerning human impact and carbon budgeting. In: Journal of Geomorphology. NF 60, Suppl. 1, 2015, pp. 49-77.
- ↑ Helmut Hess: Chronicle of Uelvesbüll. Municipality of Uelvesbüll 1985, DNB 870655604 , p. 8.
- ↑ Gerd Quedenbaum: Sorge and Treene, tributaries of the Eider. Eider-Verlag, Düsseldorf around 1984, pp. 74-76.
- ^ Digitaler Atlas Nord (official map server of the State of Schleswig-Holstein): Origin of the Treene (!) Between Mohrkirchteich and (Mohrkirch-) Pattburg
- ↑ http://141.91.173.101/pegel/jsp/pegel.jsp?mstnr=114050 gauge Mühlenbrück
- ↑ a b Gerd Quedenbaum: Vorflut. Eider-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1999, pp. 22-24.
- ^ Uwe Nagel: Landscape analysis Treene between Oeversee and Friedrichstadt. Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 1987, pp. 45–46.
- ^ Christiane Thomsen: Friedrichstadt. Boyens, Heide, p. 8.
- ↑ Tidenhübe according to information from the Federal Maritime Office in Hamburg