Boys' Chapel (Kreuznach)

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The Bubenkapelle or Clusen-Buben-Capelle , later also Frauen-Capelle, was a chapel in the old town of Kreuznach in today's Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate . Century until the 16th century existed. At the chapel which was from 1371 to 1491 Cluse settled, a Beguine - Klause whose sisters in the mid-15th century Rule of St. Augustine had anticipated.

history

chapel

At the entrance of Mühlengasse (today: Mühlenstraße ) in the Kreuznach old town was in the 13th / 14th. In the 17th century a chapel dedicated to Anthony of Padua and Catherine of Alexandria . This chapel was also called the "Boys Chapel" or "Chapel of St. Catharines". The unusual name of the chapel is probably related to the fact that Anthony of Padua was the patron saint of travelers, among whom were many unmarried young men (" boys ") as journeymen. There are also “ boys' chapels ” on the Markbühl in Obernheim ( Zollernalbkreis ) or near Inneralpbach in Tyrol.

In the Kreuznach area, different Katharinen altars are to be distinguished, one of which was in the boys' chapel: In the altar and benefice register of the Landkapitels ( Archipresbyterat ) Münsterappel in the archdeaconate of the Mainz cathedral provost an altar "of the chapel called 'boys'" is mentioned in 1401 in Kreuznach. - This is the "Antonius Altar" not otherwise mentioned in the directory -, an altar "of St. Catherine in the parish of Kreuznach" - also at the boys' chapel -, another altar of "the Holy Virgin Katharina in the parish of Kreuznach" , which was in the parish church, as well as a third altar called "the holy virgin Catherine in the court of the knight Johannes von Planig (Bleynchin)".

The court of Johannes von Planig in the area of ​​today's Hochstraße 45 was a Sponheim castle . Count Simon III. von Sponheim († 1414) awarded "the court to Crutzenachen, which was once Mr. Johanns blessed von Bleynchen", 1401 to Ulrich II. von Leyen († around 1425). The patronage of the Katharinen altar in the family's aristocratic court, the so-called Leyenschen Hof , and of a Nikolaus altar in Sulze (in today's Salinental ) was perceived by Peter von Leyen (* around 1487; † 1551) in the 16th century.

There was another Katharinen altar in the village of Planig.

Beguinage hermitage

At the former parish church of St. Kilian outside the city wall in the "Osterburg" - in the former Roman fort on the "Heidenmauer" - which had lost its parish rights to the new Wörth church in 1332 , there was a Beguinage with a prayer house in the 14th century . On behalf of Archbishop Gerlach von Nassau (ruled 1346–1371) of Mainz, the Kreuznach priest (or pleban ) Johann [called Soltzheimer ] had confirmed the settlement. There was also a hospital at St. Kilian , for whose chapel an altar was donated in 1310, which is also documented in 1401. However, it is very unlikely that Beguines were nursing at this time .

In 1371, Count Walram von Sponheim (* around 1305, † 1380) had the Beguinage at St. Kilian break off because of a risk of war ("offinner Figentschetzt ", "krig und Vygentschektiven"). For the three sisters Grede, Katharine and Grete, he had a new hermitage built with a new prayer house "by der Capellen sancte Katherine", which promised more protection within the city wall. The number of beguines should in future be limited to two sisters. Count Walram asked the Archbishop of Mainz, Johann von Luxemburg-Ligny, to confirm the foundation .

The Rhine Counts Johann II vom Stein, Wildgraf zu Dhaun († 1383), and Hartrad vom Stein († 1372/75) as representatives of the founding family ("fundatores") of the old parish church and their brother, the Kreuznacher "Parnher" (owner of the Pfarr- Pfründe ) Rheingraf Konrad vom Stein († 1395), approved the settlement of the Beguines in the city in 1372 "at the Capellen gnant Buben Capellen". When the hermitage was moved to the city, the Antonius altar, which was originally located outside the city near St. Kilian, was connected to the Katharinen altar.

In 1431 Nicolaus Henrici called Schibichin (Schipghen) from Kreuznach officiated at the St. Katharinen Altar of the Kreuznach St. Katherinen Chapel. The later Kreuznach family name Nonnengässer could be related to the location of this only surviving women's monastery within the city.

In connection with the incorporation of the Augustinian women 's choir of St. Peter near Kreuznach into the Augustinian canons of Pfaffen-Schwabenheim in May 1437, the beguinage at the boys' chapel also seems to have come into their possession. In 1443, at the request of Priest Konrad von Schwabenheim, the six masters and the journeyman of the wool weavers 'guild in Kreuznach ordered three weekly masses in the boys' chapel. In 1446 provost Johann confirmed the receipt of 100 Rhenish guilders Mainz currency for the Pfaffen-Schwabenheim monastery , with which a perpetual Saturday mass in the boys' chapel was to be secured by the monastery priests. This foundation by two Kreuznach citizens earned 5% interest, and the Pfaffen-Schwabenheim monastery provided goods as pledge in Siefersheim , among other places .

Hans Lauwer (Loër) von Eltville ("Eltuil"), citizen of Kreuznach, and his wife Elßgin took out a loan of 100 Rhenish guilders from the boys' band in 1454, which they wanted to pay 5% interest, and set their house on Klappergasse for it as a pledge.

Regulated Augustinians

In 1446 provost Johann referred to the nuns as " Beckynen in the Clusen an Buben-capelle". In 1453 Pope Nicholas V granted all existing Beguine Convents the rights of the tertiary . In 1458 Pius II allowed the rule of Augustine to be obeyed , which the Kreuznach Beguines also accepted. The clerics Herpo Syege and Johannes Sclape (Schlapp) litigated in 1458 for the benefice of the boys' chapel.

Elector Philipp von der Pfalz (1448–1508) and Count Palatine Johann I von Simmern (1459–1509) as rulers issued the regulated Augustinians at the Boys' Chapel in 1482 with a charter . The nuns were supposed to “earn bread for the year”, were allowed to maintain two wool and four linen looms and distribute the products through the guild without hindrance . They were allowed to keep ten cattle and pigs, which were to be driven along by the town herdsman for the usual fee. The number of people in the cluse was limited to 25.

Transfer to the Augustinian Choir Monastery of St. Peter

The Archbishop of Mainz Berthold von Henneberg (r. 1484–1504) commissioned the dean Johann Fust († 1501) of St. Stephan of Mainz and the Kreuznach pleban Peter Mochen (Menchin) († 1497) to build the hermitage of the Augustinians in 1485 to move the St. Peter monastery near Kreuznach, which at that time was apparently empty.

In 1491, Prior Hermann von Batenburg († 1507) and the convent of the Pfaffen-Schwabenheim monastery moved " Mater (= mother) and Conuent" at the boys' chapel to the monastery of St. Peter because of the dilapidation of their house. With the consent of Johann von Eschau († around 1502), prior in Hirzenhain , and Johann von Grünberg († around 1495), prior in Ravengiersburg (Reuersburg), as representatives of the Windesheim congregation, the proceeds of the goods located in the Kreuznach district of the monastery awarded. This transfer was approved by Archbishop Berthold in 1495.

The hermitage was entitled to a donation of 30 Malter grain, the use of which was concluded in 1519 between the Master and the Convent of St. Peter and the Provost and Convent of the Pfaffen-Schwabenheim Monastery. In the 16th century, the St. Peters monastery owned a "huis in the stait hinder der boys capell", the value of which was set at 600 guilders. This was probably the Beguinage, which was abandoned in 1491.

Development up to the abolition of the chapel

The right to cast the altar of the boys' chapel came in 15./16. Century - probably through the family of the Greens von Scharfenstein  - to Friedrich X. von Rüdesheim the Elder. J. († 1520/27), who was married to Gertraud von Scharfenstein. In 1520 a dispute between Friedrich X. von Rüdesheim, patron and collator of the boys 'chapel, and his chaplain Heinrich von Wissenloch ( Wiesloch ) over the three weekly masses donated in 1443 with the weavers' guild was settled. Friedrich X. von Rüdesheim and Gertrauds von Scharfenstein's daughter Gertrud von Rüdesheim, widow of Walrab VII (VIII) von Koppenstein († 1492), her sister Maria von Rüdesheim and her son Philipp von Koppenstein († around 1548) transferred the patronage in 1539 via the boys' chapel to the Kreuznach advocate (notary) and member of the priestly presence at the Heinrich Wissenloch parish church.

The monastery Pfaffen-Schwabenheim was at the end of January 1566 by the sovereign Elector Friedrich III. of the Palatinate (1515–1576) and Margrave Philibert of Baden (1536–1569), the monastery of St. Peter 1566/68. This also secularized the boys' chapel . In 1571, Küster Hans Kurßner (“deze noncappel diener so this capel onder handen”) reported that the mass in the “women cappel” was stopped.

Remnants of the hermitage were still recognizable from the Nahe bridge on the back of a house in Mühlengasse at the end of the 19th century.

swell

  • Document copies, 1482–1495; State Main Archive Koblenz (inventory 123 Kreuznach, Augustinian convent "an der Bubenkapelle" = inventory 126 Kreuznach, Augustinian convent, documents 104 / 1–3 and 107 / 2–3)

literature

  • Stephan Alexander Würdtwein : Clusa monialium ord. S. Augustini apud Buben-Capell in Creuznach . In: Monasticon Palatinum , Vol. V. Cordon, Mannheim 1796, pp. 345–354 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich)
  • Gotthelf Huyssen: The Heidenmauer and the Christian Kreuznach . In: the other: On Christian antiquity in its relation to pagan. Lectures and studies . J. H. Maurer / Fr. Wohlleben, Kreuznach 1870, pp. 317–356, esp. Pp. 336 and 345 ( Google Books )
  • Ernst Schmidt: Historical notes about the earlier churches and monasteries in Kreuznach . In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 28/29 (1876), pp. 242-259, esp. P. 253
  • Bernard Leonard Snelting: Regulating canons of the Ordre van den H. Augustinus van het kapittel Windesheim . In: Archief voor de geschiedenis van het aartsbisdom Utrecht 27 (1901), pp. 202–223, esp. 211–215.

Remarks

  1. ↑ "... consecrated in Ere to the holy sancti Anthonius, unde sancte Catherine ...".
  2. ↑ "… cappelle dicte boys"; Yield: 2 guilders.
  3. ↑ "... sancte Katherine in parochia Cruczinach"; Yield: 2 pounds Heller (= 1 Gulden 16 Schilling Heller).
  4. ↑ "... sancte Katherine virginis in parochia Cruczinach"; Income: 38 Schilling Heller (= 1 Gulden 14 Schilling Heller).
  5. ↑ "... S. Katharine virginis in curia Johannis de Bleynchin militis"; Yield: 1 guilder.
  6. ↑ 1401 received the "cappellanus in Sülczen " 12 Schilling Heller.
  7. ↑ "... sancte Katherine in Bleychin"; Yield: 12 Schilling Heller.
  8. ↑ Tomb in St. Johannisberg .
  9. ↑ "old. s. Catherine in capel. s. Catherine in op. Cruczennach ”.
  10. ^ Job name of the tanner .
  11. ↑ What is meant is: should "(through) their hands (work) feed themselves bread".
  12. ↑ 1494 to 1505 Vitztum in the Rheingau, also incorrectly “Brömser von Rüdesheim”.
  13. ↑ daughter of Wilhelm Grune von Scharfenstein († 1496) zu Geisenheim, married to Ide von den Erlen (Irlen); Gertraud von Scharfenstein ∞ I. 1468 Johann Brömser von Rüdesheim († before 1480).
  14. ↑ Married to Johann (Henchin) von Reifenberg .
  15. ↑ = "Servant of this nuns chapel who takes care of this chapel".

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b document from Oculi (February 29) 1372, printed by Franz Joseph Bodmann : Rheingauische Alterthümer or State and Regimental Constitution of the Western or Lower Rhinegau in the Middle Ages , Vol. I. Florian Kupferberg, Mainz 1819, p. 900 ( Digitized in the Google book search); Bodmann is not always reliable, however.
  2. ↑ See “St. Antonius und St. Katharina-Altar “of the boys' chapel in a directory from 1529.
  3. ↑ a b c d Cf. Friedrich Back : The Protestant Church in the country between the Rhine, Moselle, Nahe and Glan , vol. I. Adolph Mareus, Bonn 1872, p. 84f ( Google Books ).
  4. ↑ a b c d Cf. Altar and Beneficence Directory of April 5, 1401. In: Stephan Alexander Würdtwein: Dioecesis Moguntina in Archidiaconatus distincta , Vol. I. Akademische Druckerei, Mannheim 1769, pp. 88-92 ( Google Books ).
  5. ↑ See document of June 25, 1357; Austrian State Archives (house, court and state archives, special inventory of the Montjoye family archive (depot), II documents Germany department, June 25, 1357).
  6. ↑ Knight Johann von Bleniche was 1346-1366 commander of Layen Castle ; Johann Christian von Stramberg , Anton Joseph Weidenbach : Das Nahethal , vol. I. (Memorable and useful Rhenish antiquarian II / 16). Rudolph Friedrich Christian Hergt , Koblenz 1869, p. 128 ( Google Books )
  7. ^ Regest of a document dated July 10, 1401; Baden Historical Commission (ed.): Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1015-1515 , Vol. III. Wagner, Innsbruck 1907, no. 5644, p. 76. In 1416 Ulrich II von Leyen was enfeoffed with the native Argenschwang festival .
  8. ↑ Hofmeister of the Duke of Pfalz-Simmern, 1539 bailiff of Winterburg, buried in the Catholic parish church Spabrücken; Eberhard J. Nikitsch (arrangement): The inscriptions of the Bad Kreuznach district . (The German inscriptions 34th Mainzer series 3), Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden, No. 306 ( German inscriptions online ).
  9. ↑ See Ernst Schmidt: About the excavations that took place on the terrain of the Roman fort near Kreuznach, called the Heidenmauer, from October 1858 to November 1866 . In: Yearbooks of the Association of Friends of Antiquity in the Rhineland 47/48 (1869), pp. 66–113 ( Google Books ).
  10. ↑ a b c cf. Gotthelf Huyssen: The Heidenmauer and the Christian Kreuznach . In: the other: On Christian antiquity in its relation to pagan. Lectures and studies . J. H. Maurer / Fr. Wohlleben, Kreuznach 1870, pp. 317–356, esp. Pp. 336 and 345 ( Google Books )
  11. ↑ 1350 to 1372 documented, cf. Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (holdings 54.033 Herrschaft von Kerpen, document 127-1; holdings 33 Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, document 15573 and others); Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 22 Eberbach, Cistercians, no. 437).
  12. ↑ a b Certificate of December 6, 1371 from the archives of St. Agnes in Mainz; Mainz City Archives (U / 1371 December 6); Text reproduced in extracts in: Franz Joseph Bodmann: Rheingauische Alterthümer , Vol. I, p. 240 f. ( Digitized in the Google book search); there: "Walther von Sponheim".
  13. ↑ See Letha Böhringer: Beguines and sisters in the care of the sick, the dying and the deceased. A sketch of the problem . In: Arthur Dirmeier (Hrsg.): Organized Mercy. Relief for the poor and hospital services in the Middle Ages and early modern times . Pustet, Regensburg 2010, pp. 127–155 ( PDF ; 2.03 MB).
  14. ^ Document dated December 6, 1371; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (holdings Urk. 95 Bodmann-Habel, No. 642).
  15. ↑ The patronage of the parish church St. Kilian in Kreuznach was transferred from the Counts of Veldenz to the Rheingrafen around 1200 ; see. Wilhelm Schneegans: Historical images and legends from the Nahethal . Schmithals, Kreuznach 1878, p. 29.
  16. ↑ a b Entry of February 7, 1458: Benefice of the " capel [la] d [icta] (= called) Bubencappel e [xtra] m [uros] op [pidi] (= outside the city) Cruczenach "; Repertorium Germanicum, Vol. VII, 01105.
  17. ^ Regest of April 18, 1431; Repertorium Germanicum, Vol. V, 07067; 1410 enrolled in Heidelberg, 1414 Baccalaureat.
  18. ^ Document of July 25, 1443; State Main Archive Koblenz (holdings 54K families, 71 von Koppenstein families, document 499, cf. 498).
  19. ↑ a b c Certificate of Provost Johann [von Dill, also: von Sponheim] von Pfaffen-Schwabenheim dated July 25, 1446 with a note dated May 9, 1571 on the reverse; Het Utrechts Archief (Collectie Rijsenburg, Stukken concerning de geschiedenis van de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk in Nederland, 628 and 1096.5) = Bernard Leonard Snelting: regulate canons of the Ordre van den H. Augustinus van het kapittel Windesheim . In: Archief voor de geschiedenis van het aartsbisdom Utrecht 27 (1901), esp. Pp. 211–215.
  20. ^ Document of January 4, 1454; Landesarchiv Speyer (inventory F 7 Gatterer Apparat, document 1539).
  21. ↑ Werner Grootaers: Oorsprong en spiritualiteit van de Zwartstaers in België . In: Ons Geetelijk erf 67 (1993), pp. 147-161, esp. Pp. 156f.
  22. ^ From Kreuznach, matriculated in Heidelberg in 1442.
  23. ↑ Almost identical documents dated September 11 and 23, 1482; State main archive Koblenz (inventory 126 Kreuznach Augustinian monastery, certificate 107 / 1–2), printed by Stephan Alexander Würdtwein: Clusa monialium ord. S. Augustini apud Buben-Capell in Creuznach . In: Monasticon Palatinum . Mannheim 1796, Vol. V., pp. 346-349 and 349-352. ( Digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  24. ↑ Son of Johannes Fust († 1466), cf. Wolf-Heino Struck: The St. Walpurgis pens in Weilburg and St. Martin in Idstein . (Germania Sacra NF 27). de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1990, pp. 273-275 ( Google Books ).
  25. ↑ 1485 to 1497 documented, also Petrus Menchgin or Petrus de Selmeistatt (Seligenstadt), after 1473/74 in Basel for lic. jur. PhD, Dr. jur .; see. State Main Archive Koblenz (holdings 33 Reichsgrafschaft Sponheim, documents 16434 and 16447); see. Isnard W. Frank: The book of the dead of the Dominican monastery in Mainz . (Sources and research on the history of the Dominican Order 3). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2009, p. 80.
  26. ↑ Document dated June 30, 1485; State main archive Koblenz (inventory 126 Kreuznach Augustinian convent, document 107/3).
  27. ↑ See also Stephan Alexander Würdtwein: Clusa monialium ord. S. Augustini apud Buben-Capell in Creuznach . In: Monasticon Palatinum . Mannheim 1796, Vol. V., pp. 259-271. ( Digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  28. ↑ Donation letter from Prior Hermann von “Battemburg” von Lätare (March 13) 1491; Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (inventory 126 Kreuznach Augustinerinnenkloster, certificate 104/1) = Gelders Archief Arnhem (3067 family Batenburg / Van Basten Batenburg, certificate 1), printed by Franz Joseph Bodmann: Rheingauische Alterthümer , vol. I, p. 241 f. ( Digitized in the Google book search).
  29. ↑ lapel certificate of Mater Elisabeth [of Bettendorf] of Clusen to Creutzenach of Laetare (March 13) in 1491; Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (inventory 126 Kreuznach Augustinian monastery, document 104/2) = Het Utrechts Archief (Collectie Rijsenburg, Stukken concerning de geschiedenis van de Rooms-Katholieke Kerk in Nederland, 1096.4), printed by Bernard Leonard Snelting: Reguliere kannuniken der Ordre van den H Augustinus van het kapittel Windesheim . In: Archief voor de geschiedenis van het aartsbisdom Utrecht 27 (1901), pp. 202–223, esp. 211–215.
  30. ^ Certificate of June 29, 1495, issued in Worms ; Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (inventory 126 Kreuznach Augustinian convent, certificate 104/3), printed by Stephan Alexander Würdtwein: Clusa monialium ord. S. Augustini apud Buben-Capell in Creuznach . In: Monasticon Palatinum . Mannheim 1796, Vol. V., pp. 352–354 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich); Ernst Schmidt: Historical notes about the earlier churches and monasteries in Kreuznach. In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 28/29 (1876), pp. 242-259, esp. P. 253.
  31. ↑ Document of July 28, 1519; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (A 2 documents from the former province of Rheinhessen, No. 200/10); Regest of the document with Wilhelm Wattenbach (edit): Regest of the document collection kept in the Grand Ducal University Library in Heidelberg . In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 24 (1872), pp. 151–224, esp. No. 82, p. 221 ( Google Books ).
  32. ↑ Cf. copy book of the nunnery S. Peter zu Kreutznach , 16th century; City Library Trier (No. 1235, old signature of the Jesuit Library Trier: No. 1182) = (excerpt) Karl Lamprecht: "Copienboich" of the nunnery St. Peter zu Kreuznach, excerpts from the manuscript in Trier . In: West German Journal for History and Art 1 (1882), No. 69, p. 22f.
  33. ^ On the succession of Scharfenstein → von Rüdesheim → von Koppenstein Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (inventory 81 Hanau government, no. B 2/118 and others).
  34. ↑ Document of November 13, 1520; State Main Archive Koblenz (holdings 54K families, 71 von Koppenstein families, certificate 498).
  35. ↑ Cf. Johann Maximilian Humbracht: The highest ornament Teutsch-Land, and excellence of the Teutschen nobility . Friedrich Knoch, Frankfurt am Main 1707, p. 146, cf. Pp. 65, 158, 216 and 282 ( Google Books ); Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 121 from Reifenberg (Klattau archive), U 1500 August 20 and others).
  36. ↑ Philipp von Koppenstein is named in a document dated February 1, 1542 as the heir of his grandfather Friedrich X. von Rüdesheim; State Main Archive Koblenz (holdings 54K families, 71 von Koppenstein families, document 1329).
  37. ^ Documents of February 28, 1522 and November 18, 1529; State main archive Koblenz (inventory 125 Kreuznach, Carmelite monastery, documents 87 and 96).
  38. ^ Document of May 10, 1539; Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (holdings of 54K families, 71 von Koppenstein families, certificate 497; cf. 311).
  39. ↑ See Ernst Schmidt: Geschichtliche Notizen , p. 253; see. Eduard Schneegans: Kreuznach. Memories of a spa guest . Friedrich, Siegen / Wiesbaden 1844, p. 44.
  40. ↑ Eduard Ausfeld (arrangement): Overview of the holdings of the k. State Archives in Coblenz . (Communications from the K. Prussian Archive Administration, issue 6). Hirzel, Leipzig 1903, p. 98 (today: “no inventory”).

Coordinates: 49 ° 50 ′ 41.1 ″  N , 7 ° 51 ′ 31.3 ″  E