Graz Castle Hill

Graz Castle Hill
Schloßberg seen from the top of the town hall tower Left the stable bastion, right the clock tower
height	474  m above sea level A.
location	Styria , Austria
Mountains	Grazer Bergland , foothills east of the Mur
Dominance	1.9 km →  Reinerkogel
Notch height	104 m ↓  Geidorf
Coordinates	47 ° 4 '36 "  N , 15 ° 26' 14"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 4 '36 "  N , 15 ° 26' 14"  E
rock	dolomite
Age of the rock	Lower Devon - Middle Devon
Development	Kriegssteig (stairs with ~ 260 steps), access road (only authorized traffic) , Grazer Schloßbergbahn , Schloßberglift
particularities	Graz clock tower , bell tower (Liesl), casemates, Turkish fountain, part of the world cultural heritage of Graz old town

clock tower

Schloßbergbahn

The Grazer Schloßberg is a massive rock made of dolomite rock and forms the core of the historic old town of Graz , the provincial capital of Styria in Austria . It is located directly on the banks of the Mur and rises 123 m over the main square in Graz . In addition to the clock tower , the landmark of Graz, there is also the bell tower with its "Liesl" bell , the Schloßberg casemates , the so-called Turkish fountain, which is over 100 m deep, all the remains of the castle and a number of smaller art objects. As the core of the old town of Graz , it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage City of Graz - Historic Center and Eggenberg Palace .

history

See also: Burg am Grazer Schloßberg

Finds show a settlement as early as the 8th century BC. Around 1125 a Romanesque castle was built on the then bare rock , which gave Graz its name (“gradec” means “little castle” in Slovenian ). It was later extended in a Gothic style and from 1544 it was converted into a Renaissance fortress according to plans by Domenico dell'Allio .

The castle is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the strongest fortress ever.

Even Napoleon was unable to conquer it at the beginning of the 19th century. It was only when he occupied Vienna in 1809 and threatened the destruction of the capital that Graz, blackmailed, surrendered and almost all of the fortifications were razed . Only the bell tower and the clock tower remained, as they could be ransomed by the citizens of Graz and thus saved from destruction.

In 1839 Ludwig Freiherr von Welden (1780–1853) began redesigning the former fortress mountain into a romantic garden with numerous walking paths and sometimes southern plants that thrive here thanks to the comparatively mild Graz climate. Welden saw the Schloßberg in the geographical center of three more powerful mountain ridges, each with a lookout point ( Buchkogel , Hochplatte and Plabutsch ), with which his design of the Schloßberg should not compete on a large scale.

Beginning of 1925 was approved by the RAVAG on Castle Hill a 500 Watt - transmitting station built, the first outside Vienna. In addition to a 35 meter high lattice construction, the bell tower was provided with an antenna. However, the system (broadcasting three days a week) was soon no longer sufficient in terms of strength and reception, and it was therefore in 1929 in Graz-St. Peter created a contemporary replacement.

During the Second World War , forced laborers created an extensive tunnel system with a length of 6.3 km, 20 entrances and around 12,000 m² of usable space, which served as a command center, air raid shelter for up to 50,000 people and a military hospital during the heavy bombing raids on Graz . The tunnel system is connected to natural caves, of which few were known until 1944; a stalactite cave opened in that year therefore attracted corresponding attention.

Grazer Märchenbahn at the Schloßberglift

Some of these tunnels - expanded by new excavations (a) - are still in use today; they accommodate:

• the Schloßberglift (a) including the Schloßberg slide
• the "Dom im Berg" (an event room) (a)
• a footpath - vulgo "the Schloßbergstollen" - through the mountain from Schloßbergplatz to Karmeliterplatz
• The Graz fairy tale train
• The mining and works railway museum , which is operated by a private association (not open to the public)

These and other parts of the tunnels are occasionally used for exhibitions (e.g. “Mountain of Memories” as part of the 2003 Capital of Culture year ).

In 1999 the Grazer Schloßberg was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List together with the historic city center as the fifth complex in Austria .

Genesis

The forecast for is for the development of the Schlossberg the devil is responsible: He had promised the citizens of Graz, the Schöckl to make even higher. In return, he asked for the soul of the first person to climb the elevated local mountain. The people of Graz agreed and so the devil flew away to fetch a huge rock. When he returned, however, he noticed a procession in the city and only then realized that it was Easter Sunday - on that day he had no power over people and therefore could not win souls for himself. In anger, he hurled the rock at the city. This broke into two parts, the larger of which became the Schlossberg. The smaller one formed the Austein, on which the Calvary is located today .

Proper name

In contradiction to the new German spelling , the name of the Schloßberg is not written with "ss". This is due to the fact that the city of Graz uses the designation as a proper name in the old writing style. Accordingly, the Grazer Schloßbergbahn is not written with "ss".

Development

Visitors can use the Schloßbergbahn , the Schloßberglift or 260 steps to get up the mountain. Alternatively, a variety of paths lead to the Schloßberg, which contribute significantly to the importance of the Schloßberg as a place of relaxation for Graz residents and tourists.

Café-Bar Aiola (Schloßberg ON  2) and elevator building (section) in the area of ​​the former nursery on Dr.- Karl-Böhm- Allee; clock tower

The gastronomy in the area of ​​the bell tower and casemates has always been reached by the quickest and shortest route through the Schloßbergbahn. After the top station of the Schloßberglift, which is located at a lower altitude, a restaurant was built on the surrounding property of the former Schloßberggärtnerei in 2002/03, which uses the advantages of this nearby ascent aid.

Schloßbergbahn

Main article: Grazer Schloßbergbahn

The Schloßbergbahn, which was last renovated in 2004 and equipped with new cars, has existed since 1894. This funicular opens up the mountain in the west from Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Kai up to the casemates and the Schloßberg restaurant. With the reopening of the Schloßberg restaurant (rebuilt by architect Christian Andexer), the operating hours of the Schloßbergbahn have been extended from Friday to Saturday until 2:00 a.m., on Sunday until 10:00 p.m. and Monday to Thursday until 00:00 a.m.

Schlossberg lift

In 2000, with the construction of the Schloßberg lift, a disabled-friendly option was created to be able to visit the Schloßberg without physical exertion.

Using the existing tunnels, a vertical shaft about seven meters in diameter was drilled in the rock for 4.1 million euros, which leads from the level of Schloßbergplatz over 77 m high to an opening not far from the clock tower. In the shaft is the lift system with two separately guided cabins for a maximum of 15 people each. The rate of climb of the cabins is 2.5 m / s and the journey takes about 30 seconds.

While the use of the Schloßbergbahn has been compensated for several years with the municipal public transport ticket, as it were, the lift, which is operated by Holding Graz Linien like public transport and mountain railway , is still an independent fare of 1.70 euros (as of January 2020) collected via ticket machines at the 2 entry / exit points. For some years now there has been a so-called combined ticket with which the Schloßbergbahn and Schloßberg lift can be used in one direction each.

Castle slide

In mid-2017 it was announced that the highest indoor slide in the world with 64 m would be built inside the Schloßberg. The slide should wind around the existing Schloßberglift in the lift shaft, the exit is planned in the tunnel to the lift. The building permit was issued in June 2018, construction began in July, and the opening took place in February 2019. The final length of the slide is specified as 170 meters, with a slide time of 40 seconds an average speed of 25 km / h is achieved. In 2019, the 64 m "highest underground slide in the world" went into operation in the mountain.

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  Lift shaft in the Schloßberg

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  Lift access on the Schloßberg

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  Walk through the Schloßberg to the lift

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  Castle slide

Historic buildings on the Schloßberg

The structures are listed below in rough order from the highest point of the mountain down.

Fountain wreath with arbor

Major Hackher Memorial

Schloßberg stage in the casemates (2006)

Foundation walls of the St. Thomas Chapel

Stable bastion with cannon hut

Chinese pavilion

Bishop's chair

Türkenbrunnen and Starcke House (in the background)

Bürgerbastei with the town hall in the background

The big cistern

The cistern , built by Domenico dell'Allio in the years 1544–1547 according to the plans of Lazarus von Schwendi , is one of the largest structures of this type. Five well shafts with a diameter of 3.6 meters are arranged in a circle in a 16 meter deep boiler 900,000 liters. The rainwater drained from the roofs of the surrounding castle buildings was filtered and collected in the interconnected shafts. Today the cistern serves as a fire fighting water reserve . The stone fountain wreath from 1739 was supplemented in 1897 by a wrought iron fountain arbor.

Major Hackher Monument (Hackher Lion)

The bronze sculpture of a lion honors Major Franz Hackher , who in 1809 defended the castle hill with "a handful of soldiers" (17 officers and 896 soldiers) against the storming French (around 3000 soldiers). Since there was no picture of Major Hackher, a lion was erected in his honor. The original by Otto Jarl was created in 1909, but was melted down in 1941 during World War II. In 1965 Wilhelm Gösser made a replica on behalf of the city of Graz.

The Schloßberg stage in the casemates

Main article: Schloßbergbühne casemates

The castle captain's house was built in the former moat around 1578 , and its huge vaulted cellar was intended to hold supplies, but was also used as a prison. The vaults could even be entered with wagons. A driveway on the west side is still visible.

In April 1913 and February 1914, the committee examined, among other things, the possibility of opening up the ruins of the building, which was blown up by the French in 1809, as a sight.

Following the dream of a natural theater , today's open-air theater was built in 1937 and opened on June 19 of the same year as part of the Graz Festival with Beethoven's " Fidelio " (conducted by Karl Rankl ).

The expansion of the casemates ( intended as a rentable event location ) was connected with the completion of the paved, dust-free road access including parking lots. Arrival and departure were possible before and after events, otherwise there was a general driving ban.

In 1987, a mobile roof planned by the architects Ingrid and Jörg Mayr was installed. The casemates were rebuilt in 2009. The stage was moved from west to east and reduced in size.

Bell tower

The 34 meter high, octagonal bell tower was built in 1588 by order of Archduke Charles II . Inside is the third largest bell in Styria, the "Liesl" (by Elisabeth), cast in Graz by Martin "Mert" Hilger (1538–1601) in 1587 . It has a diameter of 197 cm and weighs 4633 kg. The bell is rung daily at 7 a.m., 12 p.m. and 7 p.m. with 101 strikes. It is tuned to the main strike note G sharp0. It is reported that the reason for this custom is that the bell was cast from 101 cannon balls recovered from the Turks. This tradition probably does not correspond to reality, because the "Liesl" is made of bronze like most bells, but cannonballs are not. In any case, material from the armory was provided for the bell casting. In 1809 the bell tower was spared from being blown up by the French through interventions by the citizens of Graz. Under the bell tower is a dungeon known as the "bass violin".

On September 21, 1921, the Schloßberg Museum was opened in a small room on the second floor , and it lasted until the 1990s.

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  Bell tower

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  Schloßberg-Liesl in the bell tower

The St. Thomas Chapel

Until 1810 was the the bell tower next to the Apostle Thomas consecrated chapel . It was a Romanesque round building that was probably built in the 12th century. The building was spared from being blown up by the French, but its copper roof was stripped. Due to the weather, the chapel fell into disrepair and was eventually partially demolished. Today only the foundations are visible and can be seen over a steel walkway next to the bell tower. The chapel of the Kaiserpfalz in Goslar is directly related to St. Thomas . The Romanesque lions from the chapel entrance are in the Hatzendorf State Vocational School, copies are in the State Museum Joanneum. Parts of the frescoes have also been transferred to a castle. (The citizens 'used' themselves)

Cannon hut

The cannon hut was built from 1544, like the rest of the fortress, according to plans by Domenico dell'Allio. It was initially used for defense, later as a state prison and location for fire alarms . Together with the rest of the facilities, it fell victim to the razing by the French. In 1978/79 it was rebuilt with donations from the Styrian Chamber of Commerce to celebrate the 850th anniversary of the city of Graz . Until 1797 the "Four Evangelists", four cannons to warn the population of approaching the enemy and in the event of a fire, were stationed in the cannon hut. These were taken away as booty by the French in 1809. Instead, two smaller and two larger cannons cast in Paris are on display today. In the belfry an alarm bell hangs (dated 1796). The Graz Garrison Museum was located in the building belonging to the stable bastion from 1981/82 to 2012 .

The stable bastion

The construction of this huge bastion with retaining walls over 20 meters high and up to six meters thick began in 1544 and replaced a vestibule of the medieval castle that stood in the same place. On top of it stood stables that gave the bastion its name. The wooden door leaves on the south side date from the 19th century. The pre-blinded "Egyptian gate" was built by Bonaventura Hödl 1820, the pergola in 1900. In the eastern bastion corner the only fortress watchtower preserved, the so-called place Luntenturm . The urn of the poet Rudolf Hans Bartsch is built into the brick wall of the stable bastion facing the city ; a small plaque reminds of this. The new Schloßbergmuseum will open its doors on May 10th, 2020 (Mother's Day), housed in the former garrison museum, expanded to include the stable bastion. The renovation of the facilities will cost around 1.5 million euros.

The Chinese Pavilion and the Bishop's See

The Chinese pavilion was built around 1890 and replaced an older, Romanesque vine arbor .
The stone bench with weathered characters and Gothic tracery on the back is called the bishop's chair . It is a find from the late Gothic era of the castle on the Schloßberg. According to legend, Bishop Count Nádasdy, who had been released from the dungeons of the Castle Hill after 40 years of imprisonment, died here in 1796 while resting .

The Turkish Fountain

In 1554–1558 this “deep well” was dug 94 meters to the groundwater of the Mur in order to be able to supply the fortress with sufficient water even after a long siege. The blueprint comes from the Italian builder Domenico dell'Allio . The fountain was given its current name in the 19th century because allegedly captured Turks were involved in its excavation. In truth, however, they were Martolose from the windy border. Until 1934 there was an open hall above the fountain with a pumping station, a winch and two large wooden buckets.

Around 2005/2010 the shaft was illuminated to the ground with low-hanging spotlights, a grille allows a view all the way down and the coins lying on a step in the wall.

The Starcke house

In 1575, the fortress builder Dionisio Tadei built a powder tower at the foot of the stable bastion , which was destroyed by the French in 1809. In 1820 Bonaventura Hödl built a winegrower's house with a neo-Gothic crab tower on its ruins and planted wine on the terraces below. The Dresden court actor Gustav Starcke (1848–1921) has lived in the house since the turn of the century and wrote some poems here that are dedicated to the Schlossberg. Today there is a restaurant in the building, on whose terraces you can enjoy the view over western Graz.

The clock tower

Main article: Graz clock tower

The clock tower is the landmark and one of the oldest buildings in the city of Graz. The tower was mentioned as early as 1265 and has three bells inside: the hour bell (oldest bell in Graz: 1382), the poor sinners bell from around 1450 and the fire bell (1645).

Bastion systems below the clock tower

The Citizens' Bastion

The bastion, which is still in good condition today, was built in 1551/1552 by the Italian fortress builder Domenico dell'Allio, but was not completed until 1556. It got its name because, like the clock tower, it had to be defended by the citizens of Graz in times of war, while the rest of the fortress was subordinate to the sovereign . It was opened to the public in 1930 and is now the part of the castle hill with the most flowers.

The Cerrini Schlössl

Karl Freiherr von Cerrini (1777–1840) heroically defended the exposed citizens' bastion in 1809 against the French troops. In 1820, as a thank you for his services, he was given permission to build a house under the clock tower in the breach under the clock tower that the French had blown up after the peace treaty on the southeastern corner of the bastion. From 1995 to 1997 the city of Graz renovated the house. Today, as the International House of Authors Graz , it is dedicated to the encounter of different cultures and offers three apartments (each for one year in the title: Grazer StadtschreiberIn , Writer in Exile , short scholarships ).

The Herberstein Garden

Wine has always been grown on the southern slope of the Schloßberg. The count family Herberstein made a special contribution to its cultivation, who had created a rocky path from their palace in Sackstrasse (which is no longer accessible today) in the vineyard on the mountain named after them. In 1930 the Herbersteingarten was made accessible from the "Kriegssteig" and thus "the hanging gardens of Graz" were made accessible to the public. The terrace complex with its Mediterranean planting is one of the most beautiful examples of garden architecture from the interwar period .

War path

Kriegssteig and Felsensteig

260 steps lead as a zigzag path from Schloßbergplatz up the cliff to the clock tower. Austrian pioneers and Russian prisoners were involved in the construction of the climb from 1914 to 1918 , which is why it was given the name "Russensteig". However, the name "Kriegssteig" is better known, as the steps were laid out during the First World War .

The renaming of the Kriegssteig in Friedenssteig was called for by the peace movement in 1984 and by the Inner City District Council (unanimously) in 2003, which was officially rejected. The last time the KPÖ applied for this name change in the municipal council in 2008. The official city map shows the Kriegssteig , and Friedenssteig is also popular .

Since 2007, the Grazer Schlossberglauf has led over it and the terrace of the Herbersteingarten over 421 steps and 80 m altitude to the clock tower. The trails, which also have steep asphalt sections, are officially closed at several gates for a winter closure.

As early as 1913, there was access to the rocky western flank of the mountain via the property at Sackstrasse 32 (secured by ropes). In the years 1924–1928 (on the occasion of the 800th anniversary of the city of Graz) this climb leading through the western rocky slopes northwards halfway up was completed as the "Jubiläums-Felsensteig" (now officially called Felsensteig ). The difficult construction work for the 280 meter long facility was carried out by pioneers, among others.

Schloßberg driveway

The driveway from at the foot of the Schloßberg / Karmeliterplatz is on average more than 10% steep, has several gas street lamps up to the clock tower, is closed for bicycles and vehicles with exceptions for deliveries and employees on the mountain and has been with us since around 2005 monitored by a camera (near Schloßbergstollen).

Historically, more than 50 years ago and up to about 26 years ago, mountain sprints were driven on the Schloßberg, around 2005 a race started in pairs with the participation of numerous bicycle messengers.

The (ÖRV) Schlossbergman race was started for the first time on June 3, 2015 , organized by extreme cyclist Jacob Zurl , Robert Hoiss and Eduard Hamedl . The mountain single time trial in several age and performance classes runs from the middle of Karmeliterplatz past the clock tower to just before the Liesl bell tower (and thus almost to the Schloßberg plateau) over 800 m distance with three paved passages and 95 meters of altitude at an average of around 12% and a maximum of 21% incline. Over 200 starters are started every 30 seconds. It is connected with a prologue to the Glocknerman .

Natural history

The Schloßberg is mainly covered by a species-rich mixed deciduous forest of red beech, hornbeam, ash, elm and several types of maple, to which introduced species such as robinia and gods trees are added in sunny locations. The unusually abundant development of the ivy , which climbs up on numerous tree trunks, but also colonizes rocky areas, gives the Schlossberg forests a natural, unspoilt impression. For the landscaped parts of the Schloßberg, Karl-Böhm- Allee with its Japanese cherry trees and the nearby hornbeam avenue are mentioned, furthermore a fig tree under the clock tower, splendidly blooming gorse bushes at the Herbersteinbastei and an imposing blue-bell tree at the Kanonenbastei.

Around 50 species of birds, including a dozen species of breeding birds such as tawny owl , kestrel and collared flycatcher , have been observed. Until the 16th century the brooding bald ibis in the area of today's castle hill walkway. In addition, badgers and, occasionally, foxes also inhabit the Grazer Schloßberg.

Picture gallery

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  Grazer Kunsthaus , seen from the Schloßberg

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  Town hall, seen from the Schloßberg

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  View to the west

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  Original rock at the Starcke house

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  Kriegssteig and Schloßbergplatz

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  Walk through the Schloßberg (to the cathedral in the mountain)

panorama

and display information about the image

View over Graz at night with the clock tower

literature

• Andreas Zbiral: History and perspectives of the gardens . Landscape planning & garden art DI Andreas Zbiral, Kritzendorf (2003), 20 sheets, unpaginated, full text online (PDF; 107 kB). - From: Karl Adlbauer (Ed.): Living space with history. The Graz Schloßberg . Austria-Medien-Service, Graz 1998, ISBN 3-85333-033-9 , sp
• Stefan Rothbart: The Graz Schlossberg. (= The secret history of Austria's cultural monuments. Volume 3). Pichler Verlag, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-85431-633-6 .

See also

See also:  List of listed objects in Graz / Innere Stadt

Web links

Commons : Grazer Schloßberg  - Collection of Images

• Entry via Graz - Schlossberg on Burgen-Austria
• Video of the Schloßbergliesl - 2:43
• Side of the Schloßberg slide

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ludwig Freiherr von Welden:  New facilities to beautify the castle hill in Grätz. In:  Allgemeine Bauzeitung , year 1840, fifth year, pp. 157–162. (Online at ANNO ). .
2. ↑ Ludwig Freiherr von Welden:  About the most beautiful points in the vicinity of Grätz, and the measures that have been taken to make them accessible and enjoyable to nature lovers. In:  Allgemeine Bauzeitung , year 1840, fifth year, pp. 32–36. (Online at ANNO ). .
3. ↑ From the Graz radio station. In:  Workers will. Social democratic organ of the Alpine countries / workers will. Organ of the working people of the Alpine countries / workers will. Organ of the working people for Styria and Carinthia / workers will. Organ of the working people for Styria, Carinthia (and Carniola) Neue Zeit. Organ of the Styrian Socialist Party , No. 52/1925 (XXXLI. Year), February 22, 1925, p. 5, top left. (Online at ANNO ). .
4. ↑ The new major station near Graz. In:  Arbeiter-Zeitung , No. 168/1929 (XLII. Volume), June 19, 1929, p. 6, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). ;
   Oskar Czeija :  Radio Graz for guidance. In:  Radio Wien , No. 15/1938 (XIV. Volume), 7 January 1938, p. 1 (unpaginated). (Online at ANNO ). .
5. ^ Stefan Karner: Styria in the Third Reich 1938–1945 . 3. Edition. Leykam, Graz 1986, ISBN 3-7011-7302-8 , pp. 394 .
6. ↑ From home. (...) A stalactite cave in the Graz Schloßberg. In:  Agrarian Post. Weekly paper for the rural population of the Danube and Alpine Gaue, No. 14/1944 (XXth year), April 1, 1944, p. 5, top center. (Online at ANNO ). .
7. ↑ Heimo Hofgartner, Katia Schurl, Karl Stocker: Mountain of memories. The history of the city is the history of its people. Catalog for the exhibition in the gallery system of the Grazer Schloßberg, March 22nd to September 28th, 2003 . Graz 2003 European Capital of Culture Organizations GmbH, Graz 2003, ISBN 3-9501666-6-1 .
8. ^ Siegfried Frank, Michael Rieper : Aiola am Schlossberg . In: frank-rieper.at , 2016, accessed on July 25, 2016.
9. ↑ "Largest indoor slide in the world" in the Graz Schlossberg on "Der Standard" from June 13, 2017, accessed on February 7, 2019
10. ↑ Schloßberg slide: Start in November on "Kleine Zeitung" from June 12, 2018, accessed on February 7, 2019
11. ↑ Slide in the Schloßberg: opening on February 20 at Krone.at from February 3, 2019, accessed on February 7, 2019
12. ↑ Facts about the slide , accessed on February 7, 2019
13. ↑ The first touch: the time has come! Graz has accessed its slide from Schloßberg kleinezeitung.at, February 12, 2019, March 18, 2019.
14. ^ Franz Xaver Hackher zu Hart, Militär , graz.at, accessed on August 7, 2020
15. ^ Graz local news. (...) The Graz Schloßberg. In:  Workers will. Social democratic organ of the Alpine countries / workers will. Organ of the working people of the Alpine countries / workers will. Organ of the working people for Styria and Carinthia / workers will. Organ of the working people for Styria, Carinthia (and Carniola) Neue Zeit. Organ of the Styrian Socialist Party , No. 91/1913 (XXIV. Year), April 4, 1913, p. 7, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). ;
    Little chronicle. (...) From the Graz Schloßberg. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 42/1914 (XLIV. Volume), February 21, 1914, p. 6 middle. (Online at ANNO ). .
16. ↑ Viktor Pruscha (1888–1966):  The Casemate Theater on the Grazer Schloßberg. In:  Reichspost , No. 151/1937 (XLIV. Volume), June 3, 1937, p. 7. (Online at ANNO ). .
17. ^ ^{A b} Hans Schmid :  The Graz Festival on the Schloßberg. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 26116 F / 1937, May 27, 1937, p. 2, center right, f. (Online at ANNO ). .
18. ^ Jörg Wernisch: Bell customer of Austria . Journal-Verlag, Lienz 2006, ISBN 3-902128-10-0 .
19. ↑ Opening of the Schloßberg Museum. In:  Neues Grazer Tagblatt , First Morning Edition, No. 643/1921 (XXXI. Volume), September 22, 1921, p. 4, top center. (Online at ANNO ). .
20. ↑ Garrison Museum ( Memento of the original from July 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: verwaltung.steiermark.at , October 3, 2014, accessed on July 15, 2016.  
21. ↑ New Schloßbergmuseum opens in 2020 on ORF-Steiermark from October 13, 2018, accessed on October 14, 2018
22. ↑ International House of Authors Graz . In: ihag.org , accessed July 14, 2016.
23. ↑ http://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10089687_410977/bf4afbe9/080410_antraege2.pdf Meeting of the municipal council on April 10, 2008, minutes, application of the KPÖ: renaming of the war trail on the Grazer Schloßberg to Friedenssteig. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
24. ↑ http://sportnet.at/home/aktivsport/events/675008/Fabelzeit-beim-Stiegenlauf Fabelzeit at the Grazer Stiegenlauf !, July 4th 2011. Accessed on May 11th 2015.
25. ^ Graz local news. (...) The Graz Schloßberg. In:  Workers will. Social democratic organ of the Alpine countries / workers will. Organ of the working people of the Alpine countries / workers will. Organ of the working people for Styria and Carinthia / workers will. Organ of the working people for Styria, Carinthia (and Carniola) Neue Zeit. Organ of the Styrian Socialist Party , No. 91/1913 (XXIV. Year), April 4, 1913, p. 7, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). .
26. ↑ From Upper Austria and the neighboring countries. (...) A new climb on the Graz Schloßberg. In:  Tages-Post , No. 150/1927 (Volume XIII), July 5, 1927, p. 4 middle. (Online at ANNO ). .
27. ↑ The 50th anniversary of the L (andes) -V (erband) for Styria. (...) Schlossberg race in Graz. In:  Sport-Tagblatt. Sports edition of the Neue Wiener Tagblatt , No. 181/1936, No. 25278 (LXX year), July 3, 1936, p. 4, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). .
28. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. radland.steiermark.at: Jacob Zurl , Robert Hoiss, Eduard Hamedl : Schlossbergman press kit. Retrieved June 3, 2015.  
29. ↑ Schlossbergman . In: schlossbergman.at , accessed on July 15, 2016.
30. ↑ Karl Adlbauer (ed.), Thomas Ster (ed.): Living room with history. The Graz Schloßberg . Austria-Medien-Service, Graz 1998, ISBN 3-85333-033-9 .

Remarks

1. ↑ The spelling “Grazer Schloßberg ” with ß instead of “Grazer Schlossberg” with ss, based on the Graz magistrate , has survived the spelling reform as a proper name .
2. ↑ Next to the bell tower was the little church of St. Thomas im Walde , which dates back to early Christianity . The French are likely to have recognized the historical value of the building (probably the oldest in the city), only robbed it of its windows, doors and roof and spared the masonry. The rest of the building soon fell into disrepair and was subsequently torn down. - See: Fred Stark:  800 Years City of Graz (1128–1928). Historical review of its origins and further development. In:  Oesterreichische Gebirgs- und Volks-Trachten-Zeitung. Official organ of the 1st Austrian Reich Association for Alpine, Folk and Mountain Costume Conservation Associations , No. 1/1928 (XI. Year), January 1, 1929, pp. 1–5. (Online at ANNO ). .
3. ↑ The Schloßberg transmitter, which was dismantled in mid-1929, was used again in Salzburg. - See: From Upper Austria and the neighboring countries. (...) Demolition of the Graz Schloßberg transmitter. In:  Tages-Post , No. 174/1929 (LXV. Year), July 30, 1929, p. 6, center right. (Online at ANNO ). .
4. ↑ However, the roof skin had to be replaced with a new development after a short time, as heavy rain falling on the original sliding tarpaulin had too much acoustical effect on an event.
5. ↑ ^{a b} A structural redesign (of the stable bastion) and reopening as the SchloßbergMuseum would have been possible for 2015 according to a project by the GrazMuseum director responsible for this . - Robert Preis: This is how the mountain becomes a spectacle . In Kleine Zeitung , Graz, February 2, 2014.