Clara Ewald

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Clara Ewald (born October 22, 1859 in Düsseldorf , Rhine Province ; † January 15, 1948 in Belfast , Northern Ireland ) was a German portrait and genre painter .

Life

Ewald grew up as Clara Philippson , the first eight years in Düsseldorf and Bonn , then in Zurich and Berlin . On her father's side, she came from a German-Jewish family that had well-known rabbis, teachers, journalists, bankers and scientists, such as the rabbis Ludwig Philippson and Gustav Philippson and the physician Phöbus Moses Philippson . Her father Ferdinand Carl Philippson (1824–1905), who cooperated with the Berlin entrepreneur Louis Schwartzkopff , represented the Bessemer Steel Works in Germany and France as a businessman and distinguished himself as an author and translator of patent law , liberal , economic geography and writings critical of colonialism , was the great-grandson of the chief rabbi Jakob Jehoschua Falk , grandson of the Talmud teacher Reb Phoebus (Philipp) Moses Arnswald (died 1794) and nephew of the writer Moses Philippson . He had married Marie Kapp (1836-1905), who professed the Evangelical Lutheran faith, the daughter of Alexander Kapp (1799-1869), a senior teacher at the Archigymnasium Soest , and his wife Ottilie, née von Rappard (1803-1857). Her brother and thus Clara's maternal uncle was the lawyer, politician and hotel owner Conrad von Rappard , the father of the painter Clara von Rappard . The brother of her grandfather Alexander Kapp was the Hegelian Ernst Kapp , one of the founders of the philosophy of technology .

Clara Philippson was raised in her mother's faith. She first attended schools in Bonn, then for five years a school in Zurich, where her parents had moved in 1867. There she acquired foreign language skills in English, French and Italian. She actually wanted to study medicine and become a doctor, but the conventions of her social milieu did not allow this at the time. After her parents had settled permanently in Berlin from 1878, she began to study painting . There she became a private student of Otto Brausewetter . Like her cousin Clara von Rappard, she also attended Karl Gussow's ladies class . Later, around 1891, she also studied with William Adolphe Bouguereau in Paris .

In 1885 she went freelance as a portrait and genre painter in Berlin and moved into her own apartment, where she set up a professional studio . Her future husband, the historian, philologist and lecturer Paul Ewald (1851-1887), a son of the history and genre painter Arnold Ferdinand Ewald and a cousin of the history painter and art teacher Ernst Ewald, lived in the same house at that time . Paul Ewald courted her and married her in 1886. The couple's honeymoon took them to Rome in the same year , where Clara Ewald visited the Vatican Museums while her husband was collating manuscripts in the Vatican Apostolic Library . On October 14, 1887, three months before the birth of their son Paul Peter Ewald , her husband died after a brief illness. While she was raising her son - with the support of her family - she continued to work as a painter and sent exhibitions at the Berlin Academy.

When her son had completed his school education in Berlin and Potsdam and after stints at the University of Cambridge (1905/1906) and at the Georg-August University of Göttingen (1906/1907) his career as a physicist by studying at the Ludwig-Maximilians -University of Munich (1907–1912), Clara Ewald moved in 1909 to the artists' colony of Holzhausen am Ammersee . There, near Utting on the banks of the Ammersee , shortly after the turn of the century, the artist couple Mathias and Anna Gasteiger and, in their entourage, mainly artists from the Munich Secession and the Die Scholle association, settled in simple houses. At that time, Clara Ewald moved into a house on Ammerseestrasse that still exists today. Her most important portrait was created there in 1911, the portrait of her friend, the British poet Rupert Brooke , now part of the collection of the National Portrait Gallery (London) , and in the early 1930s the portrait of Albert Schweitzer , now also in the National Portrait Gallery. Ewald also owned an apartment in Munich - Schwabing , which was frequented by visual artists and writers, such as Karl Wolfskehl .

Commemorative plaque on Ewald's last residence at 55 Rugby Road, Belfast

When people of Jewish descent in the Nazi- led German Reich were exposed to increasing restrictions and threats as a result of the Nuremberg Laws , Ewald, who fell into the category of “ Jewish mixed race ” under these laws, left her house on the Ammersee on October 30, 1938, which later became one Children's home was converted and emigrated . She emigrated to Great Britain with the family of her son, who had resigned his rectorate at the Technical University of Stuttgart in 1933 and had worked as a research fellow at the University of Cambridge since 1937 . From Cambridge , where she portrayed Nobel Prize winner Paul Dirac in 1938 , she later moved to Belfast after her son. There she died at the age of 88.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Astrid Mehmel: Philippson . In: New German Biography . Volume 20, 2001, pp. 395-397.
  2. ^ The London Gazette . July 15, 1859, p. 2777, no.1607 (PDF)
  3. ^ The London Gazette , August 19, 1862, p. 4115, no.1091 (PDF)
  4. ↑ Ewaldiana. In: DGK-Mitteilungen. 44, p. 78 (PDF)
  5. ↑ Michael Schubert: The black stranger. The image of the black African in the parliamentary and journalistic colonial discussion in Germany from the 1870s to the 1930s . Dissertation University of Oldenburg 2001. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-515-08267-0 , p. 83 (books.google.de)
  6. ^ FC Philippson: The reform of the patent legislation . Düsseldorf 1860 (digitized version)
  7. ^ FC Philippson: Free trade in iron and its opponents . Berlin 1876 (digitized version)
  8. ↑ FC Philippson: About colonization . Berlin 1880 (PDF)
  9. ↑ Millicent Garrett Fawcett : Volkswirthschaftslehre für Beginners . After the 6th edition of the English original, edited for Germans by FC Philippson. Berlin 1888.
  10. ^ Ferdinand Carl Philippson: Commerce and traffic in the 19th century . Berlin 1899 (digitized version)
  11. ↑ Alexander Kapp appeared in the 1830s through philosophically supported educational science publications. He was a promoter of gymnastics and is considered the founder of the state educational concept of andragogy . His brothers were the grammar school director Friedrich Christian Georg Kapp and the grammar school teacher and philosopher Ernst Kapp , his nephew the national liberal politician Friedrich Kapp .
  12. ^ HA Bethe , G. Hildebrandt: Paul Peter Ewald. In: Biographical Memoirs. Volume 34, Royal Society, London 1988, p. 136 (PDF)
  13. ^ Silvan S. Schweber: Nuclear Forces. The Making of the Physicist Hans Bethe . Harvard University Press, Cambridge / Massachusetts / London 2012, ISBN 978-0-674-06587-1 , p. 363 (books.google.de)
  14. ↑ Horst Fuhrmann: "Everything was just human". Scholarly life in the 19th and 20th centuries . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-406-40280-1 , p. 88 (books.google.de)
  15. ↑ Clara Ewald , object data sheet in the portal ngg.org.uk ( National Portrait Gallery London )
  16. ↑ Friedrichstrasse 15, Schwabing-West - cf. Address book for Munich and the surrounding area , volume 1911, Munich 1911, p. 130 (digitized version)
  17. ↑ Peter Edgerly Firchow: Strange Metings. Anglo-German Literary Encounters from 1910 to 1960 . The Catholic University of America Pres, Washington, DC 2008, ISBN 978-0-8132-1533-4 , p. 49 (books.google.de)
  18. ↑ Die Künstler , website with artist biographies in the portal holzhausen-am-ammersee.de , accessed on November 15, 2017.
  19. ↑ Ewald, Paul (1888–1985), physicist , biography in the portal kipnis.de , accessed on November 15, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Ewald, Clara
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Philippson, Clara (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German portrait and genre painter
DATE OF BIRTH October 22, 1859
PLACE OF BIRTH Düsseldorf , Rhine Province
DATE OF DEATH January 15, 1948
Place of death Belfast , Northern Ireland