Dorla (Gudensberg)

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Dorla
City of Gudensberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 7 ″  N , 9 ° 19 ′ 10 ″  E
Height : 192 m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.29 km²
Residents : 400 (approx.)
Population density : 175 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 34281
Area code : 05603

Dorla is a village and since December 31, 1971 a district of the north Hessian town of Gudensberg in the Schwalm-Eder district . The village has about 400 inhabitants. It is located 3 km southwest of the core town of Gudensberg on the district road K80 and the former federal road B3 (today as state road 3150 bypass road) and west of the federal motorway 49 on a saddle sloping to the south in a loop of the Eder tributary Ems . The Dorla district has an area of ​​about 230 hectares.

Village image and sights

Village church and half-timbered house

Dorla is a closed, clustered village with a random floor plan and many, mostly beautifully restored half-timbered houses in a dense homestead arrangement in the old town center around the village church. The more than a hundred year old Friedrichsbrunnen in the village is a popular meeting place for young and old. Until well into the second half of the 20th century, agriculture on the fertile soils of the Fritzlarer Börde was the basis of the local working life. Even today we are proud of an old saying that is widespread in reading books and refers to the particular fertility of the soil: "Dorla, Werkel , Lohne - Hessenlandes Krone". Today the majority of the population finds work as a commuter in the surrounding cities.

church

The 1717-1718 on the site of the first mentioned already in 1316 Sankt Matthai built chapel and 1999 expensively restored church in the center of the village, with mansard roof and baroque roof skylights -Glockenturm, with exceptional Bauernmalerei iconic images and quotes from the Bible on the dais and Decorated interior walls. Death plays a central role in the symbolism of the numerous pictorial representations. The color of the pews is also out of the ordinary; they are marbled and their color spectrum ranges from dark brown to reddish brown to bottle green. Many of the benches still bear the names of the families that used to have their place on them. All paintings on the furnishings were revised in 1964. The wall paintings on the head wall and the window side were only discovered in 1975 during the renovation of the building fabric under the lime plaster and then restored. Further paintings are under the white paint on the ceiling and await their exposure and restoration.

The rococo - organ was built from 1730 to 1750 by an unknown organ builder. Three bells, renewed in 1971, hang in the roof turret.

Candelabra Linden

The candelabra in the cemetery; May 2015, before her radical support in July 2015
Foot of the Kanderlaber linden tree

In the cemetery on the northern edge of the village stands the 5 meter high stump of a candelabra linden tree that was trimmed to this height in July 2015. Before being trimmed, it was unique in Hessen because of its eleven so-called “candles”. The tree was about 22 meters high in 2015 and around 500 years old. The linden tree has six upright trunks and therefore looks like a six-armed candelabra . The tree was brought into this shape by trellises and scaffolding and once had seven upright trunks, so-called "candles". The linden tree also served as a court tree , and the Vogt of the Merxhausen State Hospital , to whom the village had belonged since 1535, held his court days there at least twice a year until 1802.

history

middle Ages

In 860 the Franconian nobleman Erphold is named as the first count in Tonna. He is also considered the founder and namesake of Erfurt . King Ludwig the German had given him the town of Tonna. However, the sex with Erphold died out in the same year. Shortly before his death, he is said to have given his possessions in the grave field and in the upper Eichsfeld to the abbey of Fulda and the Würzburg monastery. In this document Dorla ( Thurailohun ) is also mentioned. The village is mentioned in a document in 1040, when Archbishop Bardo von Mainz bought goods and unfree goods from the Kaufungen monastery in Durloon through exchange . The village was the property of the Counts of Ziegenhain (descendants of the Counts of Reichenbach ), who gave it, together with the lower jurisdiction, to nobles living in the area as fiefs . It is known that half of the Dorla court , Ziegenhainer Lehen, was sold in 1313 by the Hund zu Holzhausen to the von Wehren family . From 1390 it is documented that Count Engelbert III. von Ziegenhain enfeoffed the Hund von Holzhausen with half a dish and a hat in Dorla. Seven years later, in 1397, the Breitenau monastery bought the village, half of the court and the church patronage in Dorla from the Lords of Wehren. The other half of the Dorla court was the following year by Engelbert III. von Ziegenhain given to the lords of weirs as a fief. In 1399 the Hund von Holzhausen waived all their claims to Dorla opposite the Breitenau monastery. In the following decades there were repeated changes of ownership. Count Johann II von Ziegenhain enfeoffed the Breitenau monastery in 1416 with the village of Dorla. In 1424 he enfeoffed Hermann von Hertingshausen with half the village Dorla, who in turn immediately transferred half the court Dorla to the Breitenau monastery for 9 years. In 1436 Count Johann II enfeoffed the Breitenau monastery with the village and court of Dorla. This lending was renewed several times by the Landgraves until 1498 after the death of Johann and the subsequent attack by the County of Ziegenhain to the Landgraviate of Hesse .

In addition to the feudal lords and liege holders of the village as such, other secular and ecclesiastical lords or institutions had property in Dorla or received income from Dorla, and these rights were often sold, pledged, redeemed, given away, inherited or exchanged. In the years between 1209 and 1528, the following are recorded as owners of goods: the Breitenau monastery, the Petersstift in Fritzlar , the Ahnaberg monastery in Kassel , the St. Martin monastery in Heiligenstadt , the Spieskappel monastery , the Haina monastery , various canons and canons from Fritzlar, and the knights of Venne, von Riedesel , those of Herzenrode , von Gleichen and von Falkenberg . At the same time u. A. the Fritzlarer Petersstift, the Stift St. Stephan in Mainz and the Hund von Holzhausen income from Dorla.

Modern times

The church (east side)

After the introduction of the Reformation in the Landgraviate of Hesse by Landgrave Philipp after the Homberg Synod in 1526 and the associated secularization of the monasteries, Philipp transferred the village in 1535 to the Merxhausen State Hospital created from the Merxhausen Monastery . In 1557 he finally left the village and church patronage Dorla to the state hospital in exchange for other goods. In terms of administrative law, Dorla now belonged to the Gudensberg office ; the lower jurisdiction lay with the Landeshospital Merxhausen, the embarrassing jurisdiction with the Landgrave.

The Protestant village church (north front)

During the short-lived Kingdom of Westphalia (1807-1813) Dorla belonged to the canton and peace court of Gudensberg. With the restoration of Kurhessen , the village was again part of the Gudensberg district , then from 1821 part of the Fritzlar district, which was newly created in the course of the Kurhessian administrative reform . The jurisdiction was now with the Fritzlar Justice Office , or from 1867 (after the annexation of Hessen-Kassel by Prussia ) with the Fritzlar District Court . From 1932 the village was part of the new Fritzlar-Homberg district (renamed the Fritzlar-Homberg district in 1939), and since the Hessian territorial reform of 1974 it has been part of the Schwalm-Eder district.

Church history

Church history has documented that the Breitenau monastery bought the church patronage with the village and half the court in 1397 . In 1487 a chapel dedicated to St. Matthew is mentioned. In 1525 Dorla was an independent parish, from 1569 a branch church of Wehren . The church patronage was given to the Merxhausen State Hospital in 1557 by Landgrave Philipp .

Special events

On June 8, 1454, in the bloodiest phase of the feud between the aristocratic families of Lower Hesse , Hermann Hund, Heinrich Schenck zu Schweinsberg , Hans von Born, Heinrich von Wallenstein and Heinrich / Henne von Grifte near Dorla von Johann von Meisenbug and his family were born Assaulted and slain people.

Population development and religion

The village was never very big. In the 16th and 17th centuries there are 16 house seats each . In 1735 21 teams are mentioned. In 1742 there were 25 houses, in 1747 there were 26 house seats. Population figures as such are only known from 1834, when 290 people lived in the village. In 1835 there were 296, including 7 Jews. Emigration and emigration in the last decades of the 19th century led to a sharp decline in the number of inhabitants: in 1885 there were only 216 inhabitants, in 1925 with 233 and 1939 with 240. It was not until the aftermath of the Second World War that bombed out and displaced persons caused a sharp increase in the village population, so that in 1950 a total of 386 people were resident. In 1961 the number had dropped back to 312. Today there are around 400.

Since the introduction of the Reformation in the Landgraviate of Hesse , the village population has been predominantly Protestant. The few Jewish residents noted in 1835 are not mentioned later and are likely to have moved to nearby Gudensberg with its relatively large Jewish community . Today around 15% of the population are Catholic.

literature

  • Werner Ide: From Adorf to Zwesten , Bernecker, Melsungen, 1972

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Dorla, Schwalm-Eder District". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 21, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ^ Location on the website of the city of Gudensberg , accessed in January 2016
  3. ↑ Hessische / Niedersächsische Allgemeine (HNA) from January 29, 2009.
  4. ↑ Guido Reinhardt: History of the market Gräfentonna , Langensalza 1892.
  5. ↑ Stone cross without inscription at Dorla

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