Obervorschütz
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Obervorschütz
City of Gudensberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 40 ″ N , 9 ° 21 ′ 9 ″ E
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| Height : | 168 (165-200) m |
| Area : | 8.1 km² |
| Residents : | 1400 (approx.) |
| Population density : | 173 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 1971 |
| Postal code : | 34281 |
| Area code : | 05603 |
 Obervorschütz from the south
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Obervorschütz is the southernmost and, with around 1400 inhabitants, the largest district of the small town of Gudensberg in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse .
geography
Geographical location
The cluster village is located in the historic Chatten gau about 2 km south-southwest of the city center. It is located directly north of the western Eder tributary Ems . The neighboring towns, starting clockwise in the north-northeast, are Gudensberg, Maden (to Gudensberg), Niedervorschütz (Felsberg), Cappel and Obermöllrich (both to Fritzlar), Werkel (Fritzlar) and Dorla (Gudensberg).
The federal motorway 49 passes not far to the north-west , to the Gudensberg junction about 4 km, initially on the district road 10 leading to Gudensberg .
Topography, geology and waters
The basalt peaks in the area include the “Nacken” in the north with a monument to Emperor Wilhelm I , which has a geological peculiarity, a very rare horizontal basalt column course, and the cusp of the Jewish cemetery in the west. The fertile deep brown loess soil that has accumulated on the sides facing away from the wind lies on a layer of clay , and because of the fertility of the soil, the area between Gudensberg and Fritzlar is popularly called "Hessenlandes Krone" ("Dorla, Werkel, Lohne - Hessenlandes Krone" "). The clay layer is interspersed with gypsum crystals and small amounts of iron ore (floor polish); It was not until 1866 that the centuries-old mining of stone ore was finally stopped.
The “flood ditch”, which flows into the Ems to the west of the village , is very watery and was previously used to obtain drinking water. In its headwaters there is a (now unused) water extraction system. The "Waals source" is west of the village. In the former parish garden south of the village there is a small pond , the "Paars Dich" (parish pond ), in a wooded area. Even today street names remind of this abundance of water, which was probably also decisive for the early settlement. The street name “Hohe Litt” is derived from the verb “to lead” in the sense of redirecting water. The brook from the Henkelborn rises to the north-northeast and flows into the Goldbach east-southeast of the village.
history
Prehistoric times
An early settlement around 3000 BC BC suggests the discovery of a prehistoric stone wedge. From the Bronze Age in the 2nd millennium BC Several barrows come from the nearby forest area " Oberstes Holz ". Fragments from the Iron Age prove that the area was still inhabited. There are also noticeable signs of settlement in a field on the Breitenbornsweg.
In the first century AD , the area was evenly populated. This is the time when the places in the Emstal are set to emerge. Wilhelm Arnold counts Besse , Dissen , Dorla , Harle , Maden , Metze and Obervorschütz among the oldest villages in Hesse and keeps their origins in the first settlement period of 400 BC. To 400 AD for possible. Nero Claudius Germanicus traversed the region with his Roman legions around AD 14 to AD 16 , as the Mattium he destroyed , as Tacitus describes in Germania in literary terms, was probably near maggots or mats. In any case, Obervorschütz was founded before the last settlement period before the 8th century AD. In Roman times , the “Sälzerstraße” crossed the nearby “Oberste Holz” along the north bank of the Eder . From the Merovingian period a bronze and gold-covered weir hanger fragment, a lion fitting , was found from the 5th century .
In the 8th century, the region was Christianized by Bonifatius after the Donariche was felled in 723 near Geismar . Current research assumes that a permanent settlement was established in the Emsaue by the 8th century at the latest. Obervorschütz probably had its own church early on; it is said to have been consecrated to Saint Martin , the patron saint of the Franks. To the west of Obervorschütz lies the early desert "Oberdorf".
Village
In 1074 the place was first mentioned as "Buriscuzze" in a document from Hasungen Monastery . From 1076 Obervorschütz belonged to the Archdiaconate Fritzlar of the Archdiocese of Mainz . 1260 was the Lords of same the jurisdiction transferred. In the following time the name of the place changed several times: 1275 "villa superior Vorskutheund", 1357 "Obirmvorütz". Other names are "Vorsuzze", "voruzze", "Obrin vorschütz", and finally Obervorschütz. In 1275 Ober- and Niedervorschütz were first mentioned as separate settlements. In the 14th century the owners of the village changed several times. Numerous feuds were the result; Even today, a stone cross on the "Strutthecke" (= fighting hedge) reminds of these feuds. In 1350 there was a heavy battle between troops of the Archbishop of Mainz Heinrich III. von Virneburg and an army of Landgrave Heinrich II , from which the Mainz residents had many dead and wounded and the archbishop could only save himself by fleeing.
The first stone bridge over the Ems dates from the 14th century, on the site of a ford that was used up until then . In 1379 the hospital priest Albert von Ritte donated a second vicariate position at the altar of the Virgin Mary and endowed this with his meadow located between Vorütz and Werkel. The rivalry between the Archbishopric of Mainz , with its north Hessian bastion Fritzlar, and the Hessian landgraves determined the events in the area. On a campaign in 1387, troops of the Archbishop of Mainz captured Gudensberg and on September 2, 1387 advanced to Obervorschütz.
The lords of Elben were appointed patronage and court lords of the village by the landgrave , and they held the village as a fiefdom until 1535 . On April 29, 1454, during the long feud between the federal rulers (1450–1454), Johann von Meysenbug and his people attacked the village and burned it down. In the 15th century Grebe and pastor Hermann Koch was mentioned with respect. After the Lords of Elben died out in 1535, Landgrave Philip I moved in as a settled fiefdom and incorporated it into the Gudensberg office in 1536 .
Around 1620 the theologian and philosopher Daniel Angelocrater looked after the Christian community of Obervorschütz. Tilly's troops, who had set up their winter quarters in the nearby Werkel in 1624/25 , plundered and destroyed Obervorschütz. The village was devastated a second time in the Thirty Years War , this time by Croatian troops under Octavio Piccolomini in 1640 . The plague then raged in the village and reduced the population dramatically.
In 1627 the oldest verifiable illustration of the area around Obervorschütz appeared on the copper engraving of the town of Gudensberg by the engraver Matthäus Merian the Elder. Ä. In his Topographia Germaniae the abundance of fish in the Emsbach is mentioned. In the Topographia Germaniae it says: " This ampt is located in the middle of the strong river Embs which heals a very stately fish water and extends to the Habichtswalde ".
In 1646, Matthäus Merian's Topographia Germaniae from the Gudensberg office said about the villages there:
- " The ampt consists of more than a couple of twenty village sheep and is widely circumscribed; but in the leydigen warfare it was mostly burned down. Has otherwise had extremely stately village sheep: and includes large, wide, flat, very fertile fields everywhere, few mountains, but many different pointed hills, thick bushes and rocky rocks that have their various names and little wilderness. "
From 1678 there is the first evidence of the existence of a village school, which had already existed during the Thirty Years War. A school chronicle by the teacher Johannes Koch shows that lessons initially only took place in the winter months. In 1726 it was decreed that the children also had to go to school in the summer.
During the Seven Years War , French troops destroyed the village. This was followed by a long period of construction with a strong increase in population until the 19th century. Around 1820 the "Totenacker" (cemetery) around the church was used for the last time. The new sandstone bridge over the Ems, on the site of the former ford, was built in 1824. In 1846 six houses were destroyed in a fire disaster. In 1849 189 families with 979 people lived in Obervorschütz. With industrialization , the number of inhabitants decreased, because many Obervorschützer moved to industrial cities such as nearby Kassel or even emigrated to America. On September 23, 1878, Kaiser Wilhelm I performed a military maneuver on the "neck"; a memorial donated in 1879 commemorates this. In the First World War fell 41 Obervorschützer. In 1922, the community donated a column memorial for the fallen near today's cemetery at the "Hunting Oak".
During the Second World War , 61 Obervorschützers died and 31 have been missing since then. From 1942 to 1945 forced laborers worked in the local agriculture. In the spring of 1945 Obervorschütz was captured by American troops. After the end of the Second World War, many displaced, bombed-out and refugees were integrated into the village community. An economic boom in the village began. Numerous craft and service companies were founded in the village.
The village community center was built in the village center in 1954 and rebuilt several times. In 1963 the church was completely restored. In June 1966 the new sports field was inaugurated, in 1974 the Protestant parish hall. The old half-timbered houses in the town center were renovated in the 1980s as part of the village renewal measures .
church
The church stands in the middle of a small churchyard on a slight hill in the center of the village. It was probably originally dedicated to St. Martin . A relief of St. Martin discovered in the north wall of the churchyard in 1988 is now in the nave under the staircase to the gallery.
The late Gothic fortified tower was probably built around 1400. There is evidence that it has always been associated with a stone ship . Around 1444 this was replaced by a simpler half-timbered ship, probably due to destruction or dilapidation. The previous building was very likely a fortified church ; At the beginning of the 15th century, the Hessian Landgrave Hermann II had a fortification system built with a protective wall (circular wall with a ditch in front of it) and a defense tower in today's churchyard.
The tower made of thick quarry stone and partially ashlar masonry has external dimensions of 8.40 × 8.40 m in the base; the internal dimensions are 4.95 × 5.12 m. The walls in the choir room are 1.77 m thick, then taper towards the top to 1.40 m. On the north side, typical for defense towers, there is a door at a height of about 7.00 with a bar lock as an external access with a retractable ladder. At a height of 9.3 m is a horizontal Kaffgesims (cove cornice), which should make it difficult to put up scaling ladders . Around 1800 the tower was given an octagonal baroque lantern dome; the base of the helmet is at a height of 14.50 m. The choir room on the lowest floor closes with a ribbed vault resting on rough (partly figurative) consoles . The keystone represents a six-petalled rose. Of the three upper floors, the third was probably a defensive floor. The tower was renovated in 1988. After a lightning strike in 1994, new repairs and renewal of the beams were necessary from 1995 onwards. In 2005 a new staircase was installed.
The current nave, a rectangular hall building , was added to the tower between 1757 and 1785. The Latin inscription on the north side of the church testifies to this: “The foundation of this holy house of God was laid as a testimony (proof) for the piety of the community in 1757 on April 29th in a time of peace.” The organ , with a classicist prospect (Organ) , dates back to 1866. In 1883 the choir was connected to the 300-person church hall as part of major repairs and extensions. The church received cast windows and a new bell. In 1893 the three bells and the tower clock were damaged by lightning strikes during catechesis ; several people were injured in the resulting panic. In 1951 the church received a new cast steel bell with a diameter of 1260 mm and the inscription: “ Graciously grant us peace, Lord God, in our times ”. In 1952 the church received a new organ fan and new stained glass on the windows. Extensive renovation work was carried out in 1962/63, a new altar window was donated in 1980 and a new baptismal font was added to the church in 1985 .
Jewish community
A local Jewish community can be traced back to at least since 1730 through the Jewish cemetery , which has since been documented , which belonged to the relatively large Jewish community of Gudensberg and which for a long time was also the burial place of Jews from a number of other Jewish communities in the surrounding area. In 1835 there were already 45 Jewish residents in Obervorschütz; In 1861 there were 47. In the last quarter of the 19th century, their number fell sharply due to emigration to the USA and to larger German cities, so that in 1905 only 19 Jews lived in the village. In 1932 there were only 7. This small remainder of the community was destroyed around 1938, and the "Gasthaus Adler" run by Germans of Jewish faith was no longer used. On October 12, 2003, the cemetery was desecrated by strangers. A photo documentation in the former Gudensberg synagogue reminds of this crime, which has not yet been clarified. In March 2009, the first " stumbling blocks " were laid in the village to commemorate the murdered former Jewish residents.
economy
Cabbage , sugar beets , wheat , rye , oats , maize and rape are grown on the fertile loess soil of the surrounding fields by local farmers, mostly as a sideline . The surrounding forest is increasingly being used again for the production of heating material.
The village has three watermills on the Emsbach. Two are still in operation today, they produce flour for regional bakeries and feed for animal fattening. An orthopedic shoe factory has gained a national reputation. Obervorschütz is the location of a bakery, two carpenters, two roofers, a roller shutter factory, a bank branch, a construction company and other small trading and service companies. Many residents commute to work every day to the nearby Volkswagen plant in Baunatal or to Kassel .
Clay mining for a brick factory was stopped around 1980. The site was transformed into a six-hole golf course in 2006 .
Customs and events
The nearby Emsbach has led to the nickname of the male residents, who are called "Emmesgänser". This nickname has its origin in the centuries-old herding of geese. A memorial near the Emsbrücke has been a reminder of this since 2003.
Events
Since 1988 the winter has been driven out with a hall carnival . The fair is held at the end of April . A solstice celebration takes place on May 31st with a fire on the "neck".
Regional cuisine
The sausage products “ Weckewerk ”, “Möhrnworscht”, “ Aahle Worscht ” and “Strakke” are traditional and are still made with manual skill during home slaughtering.
Say
Charlemagne's thirsty army
In the 8th century, an undetectable battle of Charlemagne against the Saxon Duke Widukind is said to have taken place in the vicinity of Obervorschütz. This incident has flowed into numerous legends. The legend, the thirsty army of Charlemagne, could have found its happy end at the headwaters west of Obervorschütz or on the Emsbach, since no other suitable place for watering a cavalry army can be proven in the wider area.
The devil and the Bonifatius church in Fritzlar
According to legend, the devil wanted to smash Bonifatius' first church in Fritzlar with a stone from Lamsberg or Mader Stein . This got stuck in his sleeve while throwing it and fell on the field near the maggot to the east-northeast. His name is Wotanstein .
The hunter oak
Legend has it that a Hanoverian hunter was shot and killed by a poacher under the “hunter oak” at the cemetery. The poacher buried the hunter in an open field. Years later an oak sprouted from the earth, made of acorns that the hunter had collected in his pocket.
Literary mention
Obervorschütz was mentioned in literature by the Austrian writer Josef Haslinger , who taught for one year at the University of Kassel in 1994, wrote parts of the novel " Opernball " there and traveled the area:
"" A certain Stefan Roepel from Obervorschütz thought it necessary to explain to the world that the golden tablets never existed. ""
Associations, religious communities and parties
- Gymnastics and sports club TSV 1894 Obervorschütz
- Fair team Obervorschütz
- Carnival community Obervorschütz
- Choral Society 1877 Obervorschütz.
- SPD local association
- Evangelical parish of Obervorschütz-Maden
- Volunteer fire brigade Obervorschütz 1934.
- Model building club and model building airport Obervorschütz
- VdK local group Obervorschütz.
- Small animal breeding association Obervorschütz
- NABU Gudensberg-Obervorschütz
- Friends of the Obervorschütz primary school
- Emmesgänser 2000 Obervorschütz
Leisure facilities and attractions
Attractions
- Protestant church
- Sandstone bridge over the Emsbach from 1824
- Old Jewish Cemetery
- Protector Wetterstein at the new playground
- Emspark with the Emmesgänser monument
Recreational facilities
- sports ground
- Gudensberg Golf Park
- Village community center
- Evangelical parish hall
- Bike paths
- Blue flower trail
Sons and daughters of Obervorschütz
- Daniel Angelocrater (1569–1635), philosopher and theologian, looked after the community in Obervorschütz
- Heinz Limmeroth , soccer player and coach
- Conrad Mel (1666–1733), theologian, looked after the congregation in Obervorschütz
- Ulrich Sonnemann (1912–1993), philosopher and writer
- Otto W. Werren (* 1949), artist
- DJ Beathoven (1964-2018), musician
Greben and mayor with terms of office
- Hermann Koch (around 1450)
- Johannes Eberhardt (1667)
- Johannes Schellhase (around 1708)
- Jonas Leidhäuser (around 1750)
- Heinrich slotted spoon (around 1800)
- Werner Heideloff (around 1845)
- Heinrich Sauer (1846–1870)
- Dittmar Sauer (1870–1898)
- Friedrich Stieglitz (1898–1900)
- Wilhelm Sauer (1900–1908)
- Jonas Griesel (1908-1924)
- Konrad Freudenstein (1924–1933)
- Konrad Scherp (1933–1945)
- Martin Bax (1945)
- Heinrich Schöne (1945–1966)
- Georg Haake (1966–1974)
Obervorschütz from the west
Obervorschütz main street
Gudensberger Strasse
literature
- Eduard Brauns: Hiking and travel guide through North Hesse and Waldeck , A. Bernecker Verlag, Melsungen 1971, p. 303
- Werner Ide: From Adorf to Zwesten: Local history paperback for the Fritzlar-Homberg district , A. Bernecker, Melsungen 1972
- Matthaeus Merian : Topographia Germaniae . Schuchhard, 1646, p. 80
- Götz J. Pfeiffer: The late medieval Martins relief with the coat of arms of the Lords of Elben in the Evangelical Church in Obervorschütz , in: Schwälmer Jahrbuch für 2016 , Schwalmstadt, 2015, pp. 102-107
- Josef Haslinger : Opera Ball . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 371
- Grieben travel guide: Oberhessen, Kurhessen and Waldeck, Volume 230, Karl Thiemig Verlag, Munich 1981, p. 119
- Karl Ernst Demandt : History of the State of Hesse . Johannes Stauda Verlag, Kassel 1980, p. 107
- Abwasserverband Mittleres Emstal: Information brochure of the Zweckverband from 2005, without details of the author and publisher
- Richard Brachmann: Festschrift for the Obervorschütz Heimatfest from June 17 to June 19, 1955 on the occasion of the 900th anniversary of the village, the inauguration of the village community center and the inauguration of the new war memorial . Mayor's office in Obervorschütz, 1955
- Male Choir Obervorschütz (Ed.): MVG-100 Years Male Choir Obervorschütz . Rolf Griesel Verlag, Melsungen-Schwarzenberg 1977, pp. 19-23
- TSV Obervorschütz (Ed.): Festschrift on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of TSV Obervorschütz from May 28 to June 5, 1994 . Verlag Offsetdruck Isaring, Fuldabrück 1994, pp. 23-29
Web links
- Obervorschütz on the website of the city of Gudensberg
- "Obervorschütz, Schwalm-Eder district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature about Obervorschütz in the Hessian Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ^ "Obervorschütz, Schwalm-Eder district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 27, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ^ Location on the website of the city of Gudensberg , accessed in January 2016
- ^ Ide, pp. 109, 290
- ^ Götz J. Pfeiffer: Martin von Tours in Hessen. Traditions, examples and profanations since the Middle Ages (with a catalog) . In: Yearbook of the Hessian Church History Association . tape 68 , 2017, p. 266-282 .
- ↑ Obervorschütz Church ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ History and pictures of the Jewish cemetery in Obervorschütz ( Memento of the original from June 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Alemannia-judaica.de Synagogue Gudensberg
- ↑ www.seknews.de - Stumbling blocks should keep memories alive
