Erdbach
Erdbach
community Breitscheid
Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 23 ″ N , 8 ° 13 ′ 7 ″ E
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Height : | 320 m above sea level NN |
Area : | 4.4 km² |
Residents : | 645 (March 2015) |
Population density : | 147 inhabitants / km² |
Incorporation : | January 1, 1977 |
Postal code : | 35767 |
Area code : | 02777 |
Erdbach
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Erdbach is a district of the Breitscheid municipality in the Lahn-Dill district in Central Hesse , near the border with Rhineland-Palatinate .
geography
location
Erdbach is located in the geologically interesting eastern part of the Westerwald near its highest mountain, Fuchskaute ( 657.3 m above sea level ).
geology
In this area there are interesting limestone deposits from different geological periods. The "Erdbacher Kalk" from the Lower Carboniferous gave a time stage the name "Erdbachium". The Erdbach disappears in a system of karst caves ( Erdbach cave system ) and reappears after 1½ kilometers at a quarry from the karst spring Erdbachauslauf . The municipality of Breitscheid has set up a “karst educational trail” here, which can also be used to access the new autumn labyrinth show cave .
Not far from the quarry that was Fossils - reserve "Homberg" established that some university departments of Jena to the Rhine serves as a field of research. The older limestone formation near Breitscheid comes from a subtropical coral reef from the Devonian period (mid- Paleozoic 400 million years ago).
history
In 1884 graves from the late Hallstatt period (around 550 BC) were unearthed in the “stone chambers” of the Rolsbach Valley . Archeology calls a special grave gift "Erdbacher Wendelhalsring ". Neanderthal people are believed to have lived in the vicinity , although they are still waiting to be discovered. As geotopes, the “stone chambers” are part of the Westerwald-Lahn-Taunus National Geopark .
Erdbach was first mentioned in a document in 1230 in a deed of donation from Count Heinrich von Nassau to the Teutonic Order . Breitscheid was also mentioned for the first time in the same document.
Territorial reform
As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipality of Erdbach was incorporated into the municipality of Breitscheid on January 1, 1977 through the law to reorganize the Dill district, the districts of Gießen and Wetzlar and the city of Gießen . For Erdbach, as for the other formerly independent municipalities, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was formed.
Traffic history
From 1906 to 1980 Erdbach was on the Westerwaldquerbahn , which had an operational peculiarity here: because of the incline to be overcome, the Erdbach station was also a hairpin . A spectacular accident occurred here on August 13, 1973: Due to the intervention of external personnel in Mademühlen station , 16 freight wagons were uncoupled from a train and began to roll downhill on a downward gradient. After 15 km and crossing 20 level crossings , they met the buffer stop at Erdbach train station, ran over it and hit a residential building 50 meters further, where a woman was killed.
Territorial history and administration
The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Erdbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:
- before 1739: Holy Roman Empire , County / Principality of Nassau-Dillenburg , Herborn Office , Erdbach Castle
- from 1739: Holy Roman Empire, Principality of Nassau-Diez , Herborn Office, Erdbach Castle
- 1806–1813: Grand Duchy of Berg , Department of Sieg , Canton of Herborn
- 1813–1815: Principality of Nassau-Orange , Herborn office
- from 1816: German Confederation , Duchy of Nassau , Herborn office
- from 1849: German Confederation, Duchy of Nassau, Herborn district office
- from 1854: German Confederation, Duchy of Nassau, Herborn Office
- from 1867: North German Confederation , Kingdom of Prussia , Province of Hessen-Nassau , Administrative Region of Wiesbaden , Dillkreis
- from 1871: German Empire , Kingdom of Prussia, Province of Hessen-Nassau, administrative district of Wiesbaden, Dillkreis
- from 1918: German Empire, Free State of Prussia , Province of Hessen-Nassau, Administrative Region of Wiesbaden, Dillkreis
- from 1932: German Empire, Free State of Prussia, Province of Hesse-Nassau, District of Wiesbaden, District of Dillenburg
- from 1933: German Reich, Free State of Prussia, Province of Hessen-Nassau, Administrative Region of Wiesbaden, Dillkreis
- from 1944: German Empire, Free State of Prussia, Nassau Province , Dill District
- from 1945: American occupation zone , Greater Hesse , Wiesbaden district, Dillkreis
- from 1949: Federal Republic of Germany , State of Hesse , Wiesbaden district, Dillkreis
- from 1968: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, administrative district Darmstadt , Dillkreis
- from 1977: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Darmstadt administrative district, Lahn-Dill district
- on January 1, 1977 Erdbach was incorporated as a district of the newly formed Breitscheid community.
- from 1981: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, Gießen administrative district , Lahn-Dill district
population
Population development
Erdbach: Population from 1834 to 2015 | ||||
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year | Residents | |||
1834 | 200 | |||
1840 | 206 | |||
1846 | 207 | |||
1852 | 228 | |||
1858 | 204 | |||
1864 | 226 | |||
1871 | 207 | |||
1875 | 229 | |||
1885 | 251 | |||
1895 | 249 | |||
1905 | 280 | |||
1910 | 376 | |||
1925 | 432 | |||
1939 | 470 | |||
1946 | 598 | |||
1950 | 597 | |||
1956 | 548 | |||
1961 | 526 | |||
1967 | 597 | |||
1970 | 594 | |||
1980 | ? | |||
1990 | ? | |||
2000 | ? | |||
2010 | 682 | |||
2015 | 645 | |||
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Further sources :, after 1970: Breitscheid municipality ( see web archive; several values. ) |
Religious affiliation
Source: Historical local dictionary
• 1885: | 251 Protestant and no Catholic residents |
• 1961: | 465 Protestant, 53 Roman Catholic residents |
Local advisory board
Erdbach has a five-person local advisory board with a local councilor . After the local elections in Hesse in 2016 , the mayor is Arnd Kureck.
Culture and sights
Natural spaces
The autumn labyrinth Advent cave system has been operated as a show cave since May 2009 . The autumn labyrinth is one of the largest caves in Germany. It was only discovered in 1993 and has since been researched by the Hesse Speleological Working Group.
The stream of the same name rises on the edge of Erdbach, disappears into the ground at the Kleingrubenloch and only emerges after 14–34 hours of flow at a distance of 1,200 m. This phenomenon, known as Erdbach shrinkage, attracted archaeologists to Erdbach early on, who first dug in the stone chambers in the Rolsbachtal, which are now freely accessible. It was not until 1965 that the actual Erdbach Cave was entered for the first time and explored over the next thirty years.
The Homberg fossil reserve is located at the outlet of the Erdbach. Many fossils found here prove that about 350 million years ago Erdbach was a Wadden Sea. Interesting facts about the history of the earth are provided on the karst nature trail, which has 15 stations and a. also takes you past the “Time Leaps” museum.
Cultural monuments
The listed Erdbacher Chapel dates from the second half of the 13th century.
For the other cultural monuments of the place see the list of cultural monuments in Erdbach .
literature
- Literature about Erdbach in the Hessian Bibliography
- Search for Breitscheid, Erdbach in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
- Search for Erdbach in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library
Web links
- Breitscheid and its districts. In: Internet presence. Breitscheid community
- Erdbach, hand in hand! Nature and man! Local history, information. In: www.erdbach.eu. Private website
- Erdbach, Lahn-Dill district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Individual evidence
- ↑ “Figures, Data, Facts” on the Breitscheid municipality's website , accessed in September 2015.
- ↑ Law on the restructuring of the Dill district, the districts of Gießen and Wetzlar and the city of Gießen (GVBl. II 330–28) of May 13, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 17 , p. 237 ff ., § 23 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
- ↑ Main statute § 6. (PDF; 44 kB) In: Website. Breitscheid municipality, accessed February 2019 .
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Ritzau, Jürgen Höstel: The catastrophe scenes of the present = railway accidents in Germany, Vol. 2. Pürgen 1983. ISBN 3-921304-50-4 , p. 159.
- ↑ a b c Erdbach, Lahn-Dill district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Local councils of the Breitscheid community on the community's website, accessed in February 2017.
- ^ Erdbach-Schwinde In: Wanderatlas Germany
- ↑ Karst nature trail of the Breitscheid community ( memento from November 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Erdbach portrait In: Wanderatlas Germany