Friedrich August von Hanau

Friedrich August von Hanau , with full name from 1930 Friedrich August Prince von Hanau Graf von Schaumburg , born as Count Friedrich August von Schaumburg (born April 14, 1864 , Wiesbaden ; † April 26, 1940 in Brno ), was the eldest son born before wedlock of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm von Hanau from his relationship with Ludovika Gloede, who later became Countess von Schaumburg (born May 6, 1840 in Hamburg, † April 20, 1912 in Munich), who married Friedrich Wilhelm von Hanau about ten years later. As a royal Bavarian chamberlain , he was a very high-ranking member of the royal Bavarian court and a major à la suite of the Royal Bavarian Army .

The coat of arms of the Princes of Hanau, Counts of Schaumburg

Life

Friedrich August von Hanau was born in Wiesbaden on April 14, 1864. He had a younger brother, Ludwig Cäcilius Felix, who was born in 1872 and died on January 8, 1940, just under four months before Friedrich August. The grandfather of the two was Friedrich Wilhelm I , the last Elector of Hessen-Kassel from the House of Hessen . The siblings initially led the count title and the name of Schaumburg , as the grandfather, since 30 September 1831 mitregierender Kurprinz , on October 10, 1831 his wife Gertrude first to the Electoral Hessian countess of Schaumburg had raised, with the proviso that all their descendants in the male line were electoral Hessian counts and countesses of Schaumburg , with the predicate of illustrious .

Dynastic meaning

It was not until June 2, 1853, that Friedrich August's grandmother Gertrude was raised to the rank of Elector Hessian Princess of Hanau in Kassel ; her children with the Elector and the descendants of the sons, however, were to bear the title of Prince or Princess of Hanau . In Vienna, on March 6, 1855, the Austrian recognition of grandmother Gertrude as princess of Hanau and zu Hořowitz and her descendants with the elector as princes or princesses of Hanau and zu Hořowitz . These titles and names were confirmed by the Hessian elector on June 10, 1862 , with the title of Your Highness , for Princess Gertrude and her children with him; for the descendants of the sons, however, only on condition that they came from a marriage that was appropriate to their status , that is , according to the law of the house . Their wives therefore had to be of at least a count's status from birth so that the children could bear the titles and names of princes and princesses of Hanau and zu Hořowitz . Finally, on January 20, 1877 in Vienna, Emperor Franz Joseph I granted Austrian recognition of this electoral confirmation of June 10, 1862.

Since the mother of Friedrich August, Ludovika geb. Gloede this marriage rule could not meet, it was only to the Hessian count conditions ceremony draw of 1831 and the offspring were of Prince Frederick of Hanau with his wife in the Kingdom of Bavaria to the Count class of Adelsmatrikel as counts of Schaumburg enrolled, namely the 22- year old Friedrich August on April 3, 1887 as an avantageur of the 1st Jägerbataillon "König" and his brother Ludwig on June 25, 1888 as a high school student in Schweinfurt .

Rank in the royal Bavarian court ranking

As a Bavarian chamberlain (in Bavaria as in Austria called "chamberlain") he held a very high rank in the royal Bavarian court order , in rank there with the generals , and was also major à la suite of the Bavarian army , later major a. D.

Exclusion from the Hanau entails

The Hessian elector had acquired the Hořovice Castle for 2.5 million guilders in 1852 from the heavily indebted Count Würben von Würbenthal . From this he had established the Fideikommiss Hanau-Hořowitz for his descendants from the morganatic marriage with Princess Gertrude , which also included an important library .

Count Friedrich August's father, the eldest son of the elector, Friedrich Wilhelm von Hanau , had been excluded from entails due to his first mesalliance in 1856 with the actress Auguste Birnbaum. Friedrich August's uncle Moritz then entered the Hanau-Hořowitz line of succession. Moritz was his father's favorite son and was viewed as a competitor by the presumptive successor to the electoral dignity, Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim , since it was assumed with regard to the elector that he wanted to help his descendant, who was not in line with his status, to succeed to the throne.

Succession in the Hanau Fideikommiss and expropriation in 1945

Hořovice Castle

After the death of his childless uncle Heinrich I von Hanau-Hořovice , the 4th Prince of Hanau, in 1917, he claimed that he had lived with Countess Hildegard Almásy de Zsadány et Török-Szent-Miklós (1879–1933 from 1899 until his divorce in 1922) ) was married, the vacant title "Prince of Hanau" for his descendants. His son Heinrich Graf von Schaumburg (1900–1971), married to Maria Theresa Countess Fugger von Babenhausen , a daughter of Princess Eleonora Fugger von Babenhausen , succeeded his great-uncle, Prince Heinrich , after an inheritance process in 1921 through the decision of the civil district court in Prague in the princely Hanauische Familienfideikommiss for and received the substitute - gentlemen Horowitz , Jinetz , Bezdietitz and the huge castle Hořovice . This branch of the family lived in the baroque palace until the expropriation that took place in 1945 , which also included the substitute dominions Hořowitz, Jinetz and Bezdietitz. The important library belonging to the Hanau castle, which had been greatly enriched by Heinrich and his wife from the Fugger family , came under the administration of the National Museum in Prague after the Second World War . Today it is in the possession of the Monuments Office for Central Bohemia (Památkový ústav Stredních Cech) in Prague.

Name since 1930

Friedrich August Graf von Schaumburg legally applied for his family in Bavaria to be named “Prince of Hanau Graf von Schaumburg”. The resulting judgments of the Bavarian Supreme Court of June 4, 1930 and the Munich Regional Court of May 28, 1931 allowed the use of the name Fürst (prince) or Fürstin (princess) von Hanau Graf and Countess von Schaumburg . Due to the rights inherited from his father after the inheritance process since 1921, the actual owner of the Hanau entails, inherited from the 4th Prince Heinrich I von Hanau-Hořovice, who died in 1917, Heinrich , who was born in 1900, was granted the title of prince, which he now uses as part of his name could. On this occasion, a memorandum was even published in 1932 : Memorandum on the claim of Heinrich Fürst von Hanau Graf von Schaumburg and his line to the title of nobility "Fürst von Hanau" and to classification in the III. Department of the court calendar of the Gothaischen Genealogical Pocket Book . The Historical Commission for Hesse even listed its sponsoring member ("Stifter"), who joined in 1940, in the membership directory with the title His Serene Highness and a comma in the name, which separates the two parts of the name (former title) and suggests two noble titles .

The family is also incorrectly named by Hanau and Horowitz .

Obviously this primogeneity title was still possible or legally contested as part of the name at that time. Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution of 1919 had abolished all status privileges and stipulated: “Nobility designations are only part of the name and may no longer be awarded.” From then on, the Reichsgericht interpreted the constitutional norm, “previously noble names are the civil names in every respect equal to treating the previous sign of nobility not other than a syllable in the name ”.

According to the Weimar regulation, which continues to apply as a non-constitutional regulation in the Federal Republic of Germany, it remained unclear which nobility designation should apply to the primogeniture nobility: the higher ranking of the primogenic head of the house or the lower ranking of his siblings.

Although Prussia had already clearly stated in paragraph 22 of the Nobility Act of June 23, 1920: "If a family member had a special designation before the other family members at the time the Reich constitution came into force, he may retain this designation for his person ..." Primogenically acquired title was therefore only due to a nobleman who had inherited his naming privilege before August 14, 1919 (the Weimar Constitution came into force).

But Friedrich August Graf von Schaumburg was, as evidenced by his enrollment with the Bavarian Count Class in 1887, firstly a Bavarian citizen and not Prussian, and secondly he still had the name privilege in 1917, i.e. before 14 August 1919 (the Weimar Constitution came into force) , inherited when the last Prince of Hanau died and he was his next agnat .

The Reichsgericht finally wanted to dispel any doubts about the legal situation by ruling to use the right "with the nobility, often individual family members, namely the head of the family", "to use a designation that distinguishes him from other family members, for example as a prince or count" , could "not count as part of the surname because the surname ... is inherited by all descendants of the name bearer".

The assessment situation was very different in the individual countries of the Weimar Republic. These differences were due to different legal philosophical debates that dragged on throughout the Weimar Republic. Some legal theorists saw a name change with a former nobility mark or title as an act of de facto nobility , which was not permitted under the imperial constitution.

According to the federal structure of the states in the German Reich, each with their own legislative powers , different decisions were made. In Prussia, Hesse, Baden and the Saar area, name changes with historical nobility designations were possible. In contrast, Hamburg, Bremen, Bavaria, Württemberg and Saxony refused to deny names by changing their names; they saw a blocking clause against such name modifications in Section 109 of the Reich Constitution. Against this background, the name modification of the Graf von Schaumburg family in Bavaria is a prominent case, as it should be considered unique.

In fact, it has only been certain in Germany since March 1, 1966, when the Federal Administrative Court decreed that no title of nobility can be acquired after the so-called Primogenitur . A nobility privilege that was around 600 years old was only abolished in Germany in 1966. On the other hand, regardless of this, name changes from prince to prince are still possible.

Nobility recognition as head of the Hanau family

Friedrich August von Hanau was born on December 12, 1932 in his second marriage to Ernestine (1894–1978). Detzer, Adam divorced in 1924, married.

In Berlin, on April 10, 1938, he and his family were accepted into the III. Department of the Gotha Court Calendar , approved according to the decision of the department for nobility law issues .

The " Prince of Hanau " family that exists today comes from him and his first wife. His son Heinrich (1900–1971) became the so-called 5th Prince of Hanau, the grandson Heinrich (1923–1998) 6th Prince of Hanau and the great-grandson Philipp (* 1959) 7th Prince of Hanau, who was also named Prince of Hanau Schaumburg operates, but is also called "Prince Philipp of Hanau and zu Horowitz" in English.

Marriage and offspring

Friedrich August was married twice. His first wife was Hildegard von Zsadány Countess Almasy. They had six children:

• Friedrich Wilhelm Tassilo Ludwig Hubertus Heinrich von Hanau (1900–1971), 5th Prince of Hanau, ⚭ August 1, 1921 at the Fugger Castle in Babenhausen Maria Theresa Countess Fugger von Babenhausen . Maria Hanau-Strachwitz is a daughter-in-law .
• Tassilo Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Antonius Hubertus von Hanau (1901–1932),
• Hildegard Marie Ludovika Mathilde Anna von Hanau (1903–1990),
• Elisabeth Ludovica Anna Huberta von Hanau (1904–1905),
• Agnes Hildegard von Hanau (1906–1906),
• Emmerentiana Philippina Ernestine Anna Marie von Hanau (1913–1986)

On December 12, 1932, Friedrich August married Ernestine Christine Detzer (1894–1978) for the second time.

Pedigree

Pedigree of Friedrich August von Hanau Schaumburg
Great grandparents	Elector Wilhelm II of Hesse (1777–1847) ⚭ 1797 Princess Auguste of Prussia (1780–1841)		Gottfried Falkenstein (1766–1813), wine merchant , pharmacist and house owner in Bonn , son of Nikolaus Falkenstein, house and winery owner in Bonn, and Anna Margarethe Hegs ⚭ before 1803 Marie Magdalene Schultz (1778–1848) (⚭ II. Bonn 1815 Franz Otto Frings, landowner in Buschdorf ), daughter of Johann Ludwig Albert Schultz, cooper in Warendorf , and Anna Sophie Krupp from Peppenhoven		Johann Andreas Gloede ⚭… Christine Bochat		Noun nominandum … noun nominandum
Grandparents	Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I of Hesse (1802–1875) ⚭ 1831 Gertrude Falkenstein (1803–1882), (⚭ I. Oedekoven 1822, Karl Michael Lehmann (1787–1882), first lieutenant in the 7th Uhlan Regiment in Bonn, divorced in 1828 ) Countess von Schaumburg since 1831 , Princess von Hanau since 1853				D. Dr. Friedrich Gottlob Christian Gloede (* 1804 in Pinnow ), pastor in Altenwalde ⚭… Maria Dorothea Ludovika Goldbeck (* in Altona )
parents	Prince Friedrich Wilhelm von Hanau (1832–1889) eldest son of the Elector ⚭ Vienna 1875 Bertha Luise Ludovika Auguste Gloede (* 1840 in Hamburg - † 1912 in Munich ), actress , Countess von Schaumburg
Subject	Count Friedrich August von Schaumburg (1864–1940), eldest son of the Prince of Hanau, surname since 1930: Prince von Hanau, Count von Schaumburg, eldest son: Heinrich (1900–1971), surname since 1930: Prince of Hanau, Count of Schaumburg, up to Expropriation 1945 Lord of the princely Hanau entails lordship, which was retained in 1921 through inheritance in 1921

literature

• Memorandum on the claim of Heinrich Fürst von Hanau Graf von Schaumburg and his line to the title of nobility "Prince of Hanau" and to classification in the III. Department of the court calendar of the Gothaischen Genealogical Pocket Book , Gallus 1932, 101 pages ( online )
• Werner Graf von Bernstorff, OLGRat, Celle: The right of the family name in recent jurisprudence (1961)
• Werner Graf von Bernstorff, OLGRat, Celle: Opinion on Brintzinger's article on § 3a of the Name Change Act (in DÖV 1962, 44 ff.) (1963)
• Werner Graf von Bernstorff, OLGRat, Celle: On the problem of Primogenitur names (1964)
• Dr. Ottobert Brintzinger, Assessor, Speaker of the Institute for International Law at the University of Kiel: Again: On the problem of Primogenitur names (1964)
• Genealogical manual of the nobility , Princely Houses Volume II, Volume 3 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1953, pp. 319–322.
• Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon, Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1978, p. 416.
• Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon, Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 2001, p. 346 f.
• Michel Huberty: L'Allemagne dynastique. Les 15 familles qui ont fait l'empire . Vol. 1: Hesse - Reuss - Saxe . Le Perreux-sur-Marne 1976. ISBN 2-901138-01-2 .
• Philipp Losch : The Princess of Hanau and her children . In: Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 13, 1939, p. 34.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} GHdA , Adelslexikon, Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1978, p. 416 (presented at the Institute for German Adels Research )
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility , Princely Houses Volume II, Volume 3 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1953, p. 320.
3. ↑ Bernhard Peter: Coat of arms for morganatic marriages (1) (accessed on April 2, 2014)
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon, Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 2001, p. 346 f.
5. ^ Karl Möckl (Otto Friedrich University Bamberg): Court and court society in Bavaria in the time of the Prince Regent. In: Paris Historical Studies . Volume 21 (1985). Pp. 183-235. here especially p. 198 f.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} manual of the historical book inventory in Germany, Austria and Europe: Horovice (Horowitz) / Schloßbibliothek
7. ↑ ^{a b} The Golden Road in Bavaria and Bohemia: Horovice and the castle of the freestyle of Hesse (accessed on March 29, 2014)
8. ↑ Sparismus: Ludwig Angerer, kk Hof-Photograph, Vienna, Louise Liebhardt, kk Hof-Opera singer, around 1860 . Published March 26, 2014. (Retrieved March 30, 2014.)
9. ↑ Stamboom Baris » Friedrich August von Hanau
10. ^ Hořovice Castle
11. ↑ So, according to the two court decisions, verbatim in the Genealogical Manual of the Adels , Adelslexikon, Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1978, p. 416.
12. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility, Princely Houses Volume II, Volume 3 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1953, p. 319.
13. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility, Princely Houses Volume II, Volume 3 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1953, p. 319 f.
14. ↑ Memorandum on the claim of Heinrich Fürst von Hanau, Count von Schaumburg and his line to the title of nobility "Prince of Hanau" and to be included in the III. Department of the court calendar of the Gothaischen Genealogical Pocket Book , Gallus 1932, 101 pages ( online )
15. ^ Historical Commission for Hesse , 115th Annual Report, print-out from: Tuesday, December 4, 2012, p. 18.
16. ↑ Friedrich August von Hanau, 5th Prince of Hanau and Horowitz on thepeerage.com , accessed on September 10, 2016.
17. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Der Spiegel 15/1966
18. ^ Institute for German Aristocracy Research: Prussian acts of grace through name change 1919 to 1932 (accessed on March 31, 2014)
19. ↑ Main-Post , As from: Prinzen Princes: Bavaria's Aristokrats (November 29, 2013): "In the" Löwenstein case ", the discretion of the competent authority ( district office ) does not count , it is replaced by the instruction. The dictates in the most beautiful legal German Government in January 2012: "The district office is therefore asked to immediately carry out the requested change of surname and to report the cause to the government of Lower Franconia ." [...] The district office finally bows to the authorities and executes. [...] The answer from Munich, Signed by Interior Secretary Gerhard Eck , is succinct . Of course there was an individual examination with the result that "in particular the particularly weighty economic and social reasons presented in the application justify the coveted name change in the overall picture ." (accessed on March 31, 2014).
20. ↑ Walter Heinemeyer and Ludwig Clemm , “Brabant”, in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 2 (1955), pp. 499–501 ( online version ): “The descendants of the last elector, Friedrich Wilhelm, bear the title of Prince from Hanau. "
21. ↑ Lago Location: Contact: Philipp von Hanau
22. ↑ ^{a b} The Heirs of Europe: Hanau
23. ↑ brand inside Information on the Fürst Location (DPMA) brand ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
24. ↑ Royal Travel and Events: German Houses: The Electoral House of Hesse (published May 19, 2013; accessed April 2, 2014)
25. ↑ Genealogical information online at the University of Erlangen