Friedrich Berber

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Friedrich Joseph (Fritz) Berber (born November 27, 1898 in Marburg ; † October 23, 1984 in Kreuth ) was a German international lawyer and state philosopher. He was from 1937 Head of the at the University of Berlin settled, but in fact the Foreign Office subordinate German Institute for Foreign Policy Research . For many of the German breaches of treaty between 1933 and 1945 , Berber provided the appropriate justification under international law and acted as Ribbentropsforeign policy "propagandist". After the war he continued his career in Germany as a professor at the University of Munich . He became known for his work The legal sources of international water usage law and published a multi-volume standard work on international law.

Life

Origin and studies

Berber was the son of a Methodist preacher . After graduating from high school in Ansbach in 1917 , he was drafted into the military, first with the Royal Bavarian 14th Infantry Regiment "Hartmann" and then with the deputy general command of III. Royal Bavarian Army Corps ; he worked as an assistant in the political and legal department.

After his release as a private in 1919, Berber studied law at the Law and Political Science Faculty of the University of Munich on a scholarship from the Maximilianeum Foundation (including lectures with Max Weber ) and in 1922 in England at Woodbrooke College, the Quaker Study Center in Selly Oak near Birmingham , United Kingdom . During his student days he became a member of the German Christian Student Association (DSCV) and temporarily the Bohemian Brothers , a religious community. In 1920 he was a conference participant of the Christian Student World Federation in Beatenberg , Switzerland.

After taking both state exams in law (1922 and bankruptcy in 1926), he held courses in political science with Professor Horace Alexander at Woodbrooke College and organized his own course on political conditions in the young German democracy. In 1927 he joined the Bavarian judicial service, he first became an assessor in the department of "Constitutional Law and International Law" in the Bavarian Ministry of Justice in Munich and then a public prosecutor and district judge . In 1928 he was in August Köhler at the Law Faculty of the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen with a thesis on the legal relations of the British dominions to the motherland to Dr. jur. ( summa cum laude ) doctorate . In 1929 he was on a lecture tour in the USA for three months, including stops at Yale and Harvard .

University professor in Berlin and Hamburg

From 1930 until it was incorporated into the German Institute for International Studies (DAWI) at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in 1940, the District Court Councilor Berber, who took leave of absence, was a lecturer in constitutional and international law at the German School of Politics (DHfP). As Erich Kaufmann's assistant , he was involved in the dispute between Gdansk and Poland before the Permanent International Court of Justice in The Hague. In 1932 he became Secretary General of the research department at the DHfP, which was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation , and in 1933 he was the editor of the company's own yearbook for political research .

Until the “ seizure of power ” he was considered to be more of a “left” or “left liberal” spirit. He disobeyed the Nazis ' “ Jewish boycott ” in 1933 and even wanted to establish an institute in London with his religious companions because of the persecution of the Jews. Nevertheless, he was not dismissed after 1933, rather he became head of department (1934–1937) at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Berlin. In 1934 he was proposed by the Law and Political Science Faculty of the University of Hamburg for the Chair of Public Law I (successor to Kurt Perels ), but he was unable to prevail against Ernst Forsthoff , who was favored by Adolf Rein . The application ultimately failed because of the expert from the NSDAP's university commission , Carl Schmitt , who was close to Forsthoff. Berber represented the full professor until the winter semester 1934/35 until the appointment was made. The Nazi Party he joined in late 1937, he was also a member of the Nazi Dozentenbund , in Nazi Rechtswahrerbund and in the Reich Press Chamber . In the same year Berber was transferred from the Reich Ministry of Education to the University of Berlin, first as associate professor for international law, then full professor (1940) at the Faculty of Law and Political Science. His main focus was on public law.

Activity for the Foreign Office

In Hamburg in 1936 he became Adolf Rein's deputy at the Institute for Foreign Policy (IAP) founded by Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy in 1922 , after he was chased from office in the course of anti-Semitic persecution after 1933 . From 1937 Berber became director of the German Institute for Foreign Policy Research , into which the IAP was integrated. For this he also published the monthly books for foreign policy (later foreign policy ) and the “yearbook for foreign policy”. However, according to the political scientist Gideon Botsch , the institute was in fact an institution behind which “the work of the German Information Center, a propaganda center of the Foreign Office, was hidden”. Berber advised Joachim von Ribbentrop as an expert in international law and from 1939 onwards he held the title of " Envoy 2nd Class" in the Foreign Office . From 1943 to 1945 Berber traveled regularly on behalf of Ribbentrop to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Geneva, Switzerland; In the summer of 1944, Ribbentrop sent him at the request of Carl Jacob Burckhardt as a permanent delegate to the ICRC. Contrary to later exaggerated representations, in the summer of 1944 he was only involved in “marginal technical informing services” in the rescue of Hungarian Jews. The rescue of French Jews from the Ravensbrück concentration camp can also be interpreted more as “overcoming formal difficulties”.

The lawyer Hermann Weber regards him as an "exemplary opportunist []" who played a decisive role in shaping this between 1937 and 1945 in particular. He was not necessarily a “loyal partisan” and an anti-Semite, but someone who could identify with the foreign policy of the National Socialists. As a National Socialist propagandist, Berber provided the appropriate ideological underpinning of the National Socialist foreign policy violation of international treaties. In 1936, when the Wehrmacht occupied the demilitarized Rhineland, in violation of the Locarno Treaties (1925), he published the book Locarno: A collection of documents with a foreword by Joachim von Ribbentrop , in which it was stated that it was not Germany who broke treaties, but rather France previously with the conclusion of an assistance pact with the Soviet Union . The book was a “justification for Hitler's policy of rejecting disarmament and cooperation in the League of Nations and his policy of reintroducing compulsory military service and rearmament running at full speed”. When the attack on Poland took place in 1939 , the book The Dictate of Versailles: Origin, Contents, Disintegration was ready. When it went against France and England, he published the corresponding book Germany - England 1933–1939: The documents of the German will for peace .

As a propagandist serving the regime, Berber interpreted the American Monroe Doctrine , which Hitler had at times used as a justification for “Europe for the Europeans” (ie: the Germans), as time-bound and only valid for the time of origin. From 1942 onwards, Berber preferred to use the term " living space " to underpin the Nazi claims to rule Europe . He later denied to the historian Peter Longerich that he had propagated a Nazi foreign policy, which the latter describes "on the basis of the material available as completely absurd". To conceal his activities, Berber profited from peculiar institutional interlocking of Nazi external propaganda, which Longerich portrays insofar as it was researched until the mid-1980s. He regrets that “Berber and his apparatus have received little attention so far through research” and formulates cautiously: “However, it cannot be ruled out that the professor also acted as Ribbentrop's advisor and in this role possibly had a certain influence on foreign policy ideas Attitudes Ribbentrops possessed. "

Seabury, who evaluated documents from the Wilhelmstrasse Trial , referred to Berber in 1954 as a “special advisor” to Ribbentrop, who was supposed to “collect and process material for planning the future New Order of Europe ” in parallel with Emil von Rintelen and Paul Karl Schmidt in three separate teams . Hans Heinrich Lammers from the Foreign Office was involved.

Activity after the Second World War

Like all National Socialist professors, Berber was dismissed on May 8, 1945. He had to be de-Nazified. Like almost all Nazis, he managed to do this after a while, despite his work for Ribbentrop. On the other hand, the German Society for International Law, which was newly founded in 1949, considered him “politically charged” because of his work as a consultant to Ribbentrop and was initially not accepted. Later he tried to gloss over his role in National Socialism. His pupil Dieter Blumenwitz also overlooked Berber's role at Ribbentrop in his public congratulations in 1978 in the journal Archives of Public Law . Since Berber could not find a job at a university, he first worked as a lawyer on Lake Constance. He was also employed as legal advisor to the French occupation government in Baden-Baden. From 1951 to 1954 Friedrich Berber worked as a consultant on international law in India. Not until 1954 did Berber get another job at a German university.

Berber entered the law faculty of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich in 1954 and in 1954 took over the Institute for International Law, Legal and State Philosophy as the successor to Erich Kaufmann, who had returned from emigration . He also taught international law and foreign policy at the Munich School of Politics . Berber had a large group of students, including a. Dieter Blumenwitz , Rudolf Geiger , Albrecht Randelzhofer and Manfred Wörner counted.

Berber conducted research on war prevention and international water use law. As Legal Advisor to the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (from 1950) and Legal Consultant of India (from 1967) he worked on the contracts for the water use of the Indus (with Pakistan 1960) and the Ganges (with Bangladesh 1977). The Helsinki Rules (1966) of the International Law Association (ILA) go back to him. He became known through The legal sources of the international water use law (1955); the multi-volume textbook of international law (1960 ff .; 2nd edition 1969 ff.), its magnum opus , is considered a standard work .

Works

independent

  • The legal relations of the British Dominions with the mother country. Diss. Jur. University of Erlangen 1928. Brügel & Sohn, Ansbach 1929
  • Yearbook for Foreign Policy. Published by the Institute for Foreign Policy Research in consultation with the Foreign Office . August Gross (formerly Brückenverlag), Berlin 1934 ff. (FB as publisher verifiable since 1938 to 1943)
therein u. a. as an author: The year 1941 in world politics. Born 8th 1942
  • (Ed.): Locarno : A collection of documents. Foreword by Joachim von Ribbentrop . Junker & Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1936. (This book provides a justification for Hitler's breach of the Locarno Treaty.)
  • The dictation of Versailles : origin, content, disintegration. A representation in documents. 2 vols. Berlin Essen publishing house 1939
  • (Ed.): Germany - England 1933–1939: The documents of the German will for peace. Berlin 1940 (3rd edition 1942)
  • American neutrality in the 1939–1941 war. With a document attachment. Berlin 1943. Series: Publications of the German Institute for Foreign Policy Research, Vol. 15. Previously an article of the same name in the Journal for Foreign and Public Law , year 1942, zaoerv.de
  • The legal sources of international water use law. Oldenbourg, Munich 1955 (1964 as Rivers in International Law )
  • Textbook of international law. 3 volumes. Beck, Munich 1960–1964 (2nd edition 1969/77)
    • Vol. 1: General Peace Law
    • Vol. 2: Martial Law
    • Vol. 3: Dispute resolution, war prevention, integration
  • The state ideal in the course of world history. Beck, Munich 1973 (2nd edition 1978, ISBN 3-406-02556-0 )
  • Between power and conscience. Life memories. Edited by Ingrid Strauss. Beck, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-406-31227-6 .

Contributions

  • Epochs of the overall European order . In Zs. Foreign Policy , Berlin / Hamburg 1942, pp. 916–925
  • War aims and peace aims . In ibid. 1941, pp. 987-991
  • The Myth of the Monroe Doctrine . In ibid. 1942, pp. 287-300. Again in: Series of publications by the German Institute for Foreign Policy Research, Issue 6, 1943
  • The reorganization of Europe and the task of foreign policy science . In ibid. 1942, pp. 189-195
  • The collapse of the world in 1919 . In ibid. 1943, pp. 88-100
  • Europe as an inheritance and a task. in: Europe. Handbook of the political, economic and cultural development of the New Europe . Ed. German Institute for Foreign Policy Research, Leipzig 1943, pp. 7–13
  • State and citizens. Festschrift for Willibalt Apelt on his 80th birthday. Eds. Theodor Maunz , Hans Nawiasky and Johannes Heckel. Beck, Munich 1958. With contributions by FB, Günter Dürig, Alfred Hueck, Erwin Jacobi, Richard Jaeger , Hermann Jahrreiß, Erich Molitor , Rudolf Pohle, Wilhelm Strickstrock, Fritz Voigt and Josef Wintrich.

literature

  • Dieter Blumenwitz , Albrecht Randelzhofer (Ed.): Festschrift for Friedrich Berber on his 75th birthday. Beck, Munich 1973, ISBN 3-406-05020-4 .
  • Dieter Blumenwitz: Friedrich Berber on his 80th birthday . AöR 1978, 605.
  • Gideon Botsch : "Political Science" in World War II. The "German Foreign Studies" in action 1940–1945 . With a foreword by Peter Steinbach . Schöningh, Paderborn 2006, ISBN 3-506-71358-2 (also: Berlin, Free University, dissertation, 2003).
  • Bardo Fassbender: Stories of War and Peace: On Writing the History of International Law in the "Third Reich" and After. In: European Journal of International Law . Vol. 1, H. 2 (April 2002), pp. 479-512, doi: 10.1093 / ejil / 13.2.479 (especially pp. 491-495).
  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945? Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-596-16048-0 .
  • Peter Longerich : Propagandists at War. The press department of the Foreign Office under Ribbentrop. Oldenbourg, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-486-54111-0 , pp. 51-53.
  • Albrecht Randelzhofer: Friedrich Berber (1898–1984) . In: Peter Häberle , Michael Kilian , Heinrich Amadeus Wolff (ed.): Constitutional law teacher of the 20th century. Germany - Austria - Switzerland . De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-030377-3 , pp. 519-526.
  • Albrecht Randelzhofer: Friedrich Berber on his 80th birthday . NJW , 1978, 2435.
  • Albrecht Randelzhofer: Friedrich Berber + . NJW , 1985, 112.
  • Paul Seabury: The Wilhelmstrasse. Nest, Frankfurt am Main 1956 (English original edition: Cambridge University Press, London 1954), p. 182 with annotations.
  • Hermann Weber : The Political Responsibility of Science. Friedrich Berber in the years 1937 to 1985. In: Eckart Krause, Ludwig Huber , Holger Fischer (eds.): Everyday university life in the “Third Reich”. The Hamburg University from 1933–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 3). Part 2: Philosophical Faculty. Faculty of Law and Political Science . Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-496-00867-9 , pp. 939-951.
  • Editor and editor: Friedrich Berber 80 years . In: Zeitschrift für Politik , 25, 1978, 4, p. 430.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Hermann Weber : Law in the Service of National Socialist Propaganda. The Institute for Foreign Policy and Political Power. In: Klaus-Jürgen Gantzel (Ed.): Scientific responsibility and political power. On the scientific handling of the war guilt question in 1914, with reconciliation diplomacy and with the National Socialist aspirations for great power. Research on the history of science on the environment and development of the Institute for Foreign Policy Hamburg / Berlin 1923–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 2). Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1986, ISBN 3-496-00855-5 , pp. 185-425, here: p. 379.
  2. ↑ Geoffrey Carnall: Gandhi's Interpreter: A Life of Horace Alexander. Foreword Philippa Gregory, Edinburgh University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7486-4185-7 , p. 68. (can be viewed via Google Book Search)
  3. ^ Karl Heinz Voigt : Free churches in Germany (19th and 20th centuries) (= church history in individual representations . Vol. III / 06). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-374-02230-8 , p. 133.
  4. ↑ Geoffrey Carnall: Gandhi's Interpreter: A Life of Horace Alexander. Foreword Philippa Gregory, Edinburgh University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7486-4185-7 , p. 68
  5. ↑ a b c Dieter Blumenwitz : Friedrich Berber for his 80th birthday . AöR 1978, 605 (605).
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Hermann Weber : Law in the service of National Socialist propaganda. The Institute for Foreign Policy and Political Power. In: Klaus-Jürgen Gantzel (Ed.): Scientific responsibility and political power. On the scientific handling of the war guilt question in 1914, with reconciliation diplomacy and with the National Socialist aspirations for great power. Research on the history of science on the environment and development of the Institute for Foreign Policy Hamburg / Berlin 1923–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 2). Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1986, ISBN 3-496-00855-5 , pp. 185-425, here: p. 380.
  7. ^ A b Friedrich Berber: The legal relations of the British Dominions to the motherland . Dissertation, University of Erlangen, Ansbach 1929, o. P.
  8. ^ Hermann Weber : Law in the service of National Socialist propaganda. The Institute for Foreign Policy and Political Power. In: Klaus-Jürgen Gantzel (Ed.): Scientific responsibility and political power. On the scientific handling of the war guilt question in 1914, with reconciliation diplomacy and with the National Socialist aspirations for great power. Research on the history of science on the environment and development of the Institute for Foreign Policy Hamburg / Berlin 1923–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 2). Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1986, ISBN 3-496-00855-5 , pp. 185-425, here: p. 252.
  9. ^ Karl Heinz Voigt : Free churches in Germany (19th and 20th centuries) (= church history in individual representations . Vol. III / 06). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-374-02230-8 , p. 179.
  10. ^ A b c Walter Pauly : Public Law at the Berlin Faculty of Law 1933–1945 . In: Stefan Grundmann , Michael Kloepfer , Christoph G. Paulus , Rainer Schröder , Gerhard Werle (Eds.): Festschrift 200 Years of the Law Faculty of the Humboldt University. Past, present and future . De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-3-89949-629-1 , pp. 773-796, here: 783.
  11. ^ Hermann Weber : Law in the service of National Socialist propaganda. The Institute for Foreign Policy and Political Power. In: Klaus-Jürgen Gantzel (Ed.): Scientific responsibility and political power. On the scientific handling of the war guilt question in 1914, with reconciliation diplomacy and with the National Socialist aspirations for great power. Research on the history of science on the environment and development of the Institute for Foreign Policy Hamburg / Berlin 1923–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 2). Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1986, ISBN 3-496-00855-5 , pp. 185-425, here: p. 384.
  12. ↑ Norman Paech , Ulrich Krampe : University life in fascism, the law and political science faculty of the University of Hamburg 1933-1945 . DuR 1986, 373 (377).
  13. ^ Michael Stolleis : History of Public Law in Germany . Volume 4: Constitutional and Administrative Law Studies in West and East 1945–1990 . Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63203-7 , p. 42.
  14. ^ Rainer Schröder : The history of the law faculty between 1810 and 1945 . In: Stefan Grundmann , Michael Kloepfer , Christoph G. Paulus , Rainer Schröder, Gerhard Werle (eds.) Festschrift 200 Years of the Law Faculty of the Humboldt University. Past, present and future . De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-3-89949-629-1 , pp. 3–114, here: p. 99.
  15. ^ Hermann Weber : Law in the service of National Socialist propaganda. The Institute for Foreign Policy and Political Power. In: Klaus-Jürgen Gantzel (Ed.): Scientific responsibility and political power. On the scientific handling of the war guilt question in 1914, with reconciliation diplomacy and with the National Socialist aspirations for great power. Research on the history of science on the environment and development of the Institute for Foreign Policy Hamburg / Berlin 1923–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 2). Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1986, ISBN 3-496-00855-5 , pp. 185-425, here: p. 255.
  16. ^ Gideon Botsch: "Political Science" in World War II. The "German Foreign Studies" in action 1940–1945 . Schöningh, Paderborn 2006, p. 263.
  17. ^ Gideon Botsch: "Political Science" in World War II. The "German Foreign Studies" in action 1940–1945 . Schöningh, Paderborn 2006, p. 146.
  18. ↑ Geoffrey Carnall: Gandhi's Interpreter: A Life of Horace Alexander. Foreword Philippa Gregory, Edinburgh University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7486-4185-7 , p. 264.
  19. ^ Hermann Weber : The political responsibility of science. Friedrich Berber in the years 1937 to 1985. In: Eckart Krause, Ludwig Huber , Holger Fischer (eds.): Everyday university life in the “Third Reich”. The Hamburg University from 1933–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 3). Part 2: Philosophical Faculty. Faculty of Law and Political Science . Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-496-00867-9 , pp. 939-951, here: p. 947.
  20. ^ Hermann Weber : The political responsibility of science. Friedrich Berber in the years 1937 to 1985. In: Eckart Krause, Ludwig Huber , Holger Fischer (eds.): Everyday university life in the “Third Reich”. The Hamburg University from 1933–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 3). Part 2: Philosophical Faculty. Faculty of Law and Political Science . Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-496-00867-9 , pp. 939-951, here: p. 948.
  21. ^ Hermann Weber : The political responsibility of science. Friedrich Berber in the years 1937 to 1985. In: Eckart Krause, Ludwig Huber , Holger Fischer (eds.): Everyday university life in the “Third Reich”. The Hamburg University from 1933–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 3). Part 2: Philosophical Faculty. Faculty of Law and Political Science . Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-496-00867-9 , pp. 939-951, here: p. 949.
  22. ^ Hermann Weber : The political responsibility of science. Friedrich Berber in the years 1937 to 1985. In: Eckart Krause, Ludwig Huber , Holger Fischer (eds.): Everyday university life in the “Third Reich”. The Hamburg University from 1933–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 3). Part 2: Philosophical Faculty. Faculty of Law and Political Science . Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-496-00867-9 , pp. 939-951, here: p. 950.
  23. ^ Hermann Weber: Law in the service of National Socialist propaganda. The Institute for Foreign Policy and Political Power. In: Klaus-Jürgen Gantzel (Ed.): Scientific responsibility and political power. On the scientific handling of the war guilt question in 1914, with reconciliation diplomacy and with the National Socialist aspirations for great power. Research into the history of science on the environment and development of the Institute for Foreign Policy Hamburg / Berlin 1923–1945 . Reimer, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-496-00855-5 , p. 292f.
  24. ↑ The Myth of the Monroe Doctrine. In: Foreign Policy. Monthly issues of the German Institute for Foreign Policy Research Hamburg and the Hamburg Institute for Foreign Policy . Berlin / Hamburg, year 1942, pp. 287-300
  25. ↑ Peter Longerich: Propagandists in War. The press department of the Foreign Office under Ribbentrop. Oldenbourg, Munich 1987, p. 53, footnote 40.
  26. ↑ Peter Longerich: Propagandists in War. The press department of the Foreign Office under Ribbentrop. Oldenbourg, Munich 1987, p. 53.
  27. ^ Michael Stolleis : History of Public Law in Germany. Volume 4. Constitutional and Administrative Law Studies in West and East 1945–1990 . Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63203-7 , p. 40.
  28. ^ Michael Stolleis: History of Public Law in Germany . Volume 4: Munich 2012, p. 77f.
  29. ^ Hermann Weber : The political responsibility of science. Friedrich Berber in the years 1937 to 1985. In: Eckart Krause, Ludwig Huber , Holger Fischer (eds.): Everyday university life in the “Third Reich”. The Hamburg University from 1933–1945 (= Hamburg Contributions to the History of Science . Vol. 3). Part 2: Philosophical Faculty. Faculty of Law and Political Science . Reimer, Berlin a. a. 1991, ISBN 3-496-00867-9 , pp. 939-951, here: p. 951.
  30. ^ Michael Stolleis: History of Public Law in Germany . Volume 4: Munich 2012, p. 77f.
  31. ↑ Dietrich Blumenwitz In: Archives of public law 103, 1978, p. 605ff.
  32. ^ Michael Stolleis : History of Public Law in Germany . Volume 4: Constitutional and Administrative Law Studies in West and East 1945–1990 . Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63203-7 , pp. 206f.
  33. ^ Michael Stolleis : History of Public Law in Germany . Volume 4: Constitutional and Administrative Law Studies in West and East 1945–1990 . Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63203-7 , p. 64.
  34. ↑ Dieter Blumenwitz: Friedrich Berber on his 80th birthday . AöR 1978, 605
  35. ^ Albrecht Randelzhofer: Friedrich Berber (1898-1984) . In: Peter Häberle , Michael Kilian , Heinrich Amadeus Wolff (ed.): Constitutional law teacher of the 20th century. Germany - Austria - Switzerland . De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-030377-3 , pp. 519-526, here: p. 519.
  36. ^ Albrecht Randelzhofer: Friedrich Berber (1898-1984) . In: Peter Häberle , Michael Kilian , Heinrich Amadeus Wolff (ed.): Constitutional law teacher of the 20th century. Germany - Austria - Switzerland . De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-030377-3 , pp. 519-526, here: p. 523.
  37. ^ Albrecht Randelzhofer: Friedrich Berber (1898-1984) . In: Peter Häberle , Michael Kilian , Heinrich Amadeus Wolff (ed.): Constitutional law teacher of the 20th century. Germany - Austria - Switzerland . De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-030377-3 , pp. 519-526, here: p. 522.
personal data
SURNAME Berber, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Berber, Friedrich Joseph; Berber, Fritz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German international lawyer and state philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH November 27, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Marburg
DATE OF DEATH October 23, 1984
Place of death Kreuth