Dresdner Bank headquarters (Berlin)
The former corporate headquarters of Dresdner Bank , as former main bank of Dresdner Bank called, is a Grade II listed building in the Berlin district of Mitte of the district of the same and was from 1889 to 1945 the seat of the Directorate of Dresdner Bank . It takes up a large part of the approximately 7000 m² square between Behrenstrasse , Hedwigskirchgasse, Französischer Strasse and Markgrafenstrasse. The main facade on Behrenstrasse forms the southern end of Bebelplatz .
The core of the building was built between 1887 and 1889 based on designs by the architect Ludwig Heim as a bank and administration building in the style of the Italian Renaissance . It was a typical example of a Berlin “bank palace” in the flourishing banking district of the Reich capital. The building was expanded several times in the course of the rise of Dresdner Bank to become the second largest German universal bank until 1913. During the additions and renovations, there was a limited adjustment of the facades.
Between 1923 and 1925 there was a controversial increase in the building under the direction of the architect Ludwig Hoffmann . It was largely withdrawn by Richard Paulick in 1952 when the war damage was repaired . In the post-war period, the building initially served as the seat of the SED's district leadership , then it was used by the GDR State Bank until 1990 .
From 2003 to 2006 the building was converted into an office and hotel building, in which, among other things, the elegant Hotel de Rome has settled.
The core building of Ludwig Heim
Berlin's banking district blossomed
As a result of the lifting of restrictions on the activity of joint stock banks in the territory of the North German Confederation and the establishment of the German Empire in 1870 and 1871, a number of important joint stock banks opened in Berlin for the first time by the end of 1872. During this period there were also many new banking institutes, especially land credit institutions, which helped to finance the building boom of the early years . After overcoming the start-up crisis , Berlin surpassed traditional German banking centers such as Hamburg, Frankfurt am Main, Munich and Leipzig as early as the 1880s. Most of the banks were located between Französischer Strasse and Unter den Linden - not least because of the proximity to the Reichsbank in Jägerstrasse. In the course of two decades, the new capital of the Reich created its own banking district.
The need for representation and the requirements of modern business processes suggested the construction of new, stately and functional buildings. The competing companies tried to outdo each other with the size and design of their magnificent buildings, which contributed to the fact that these were later frequently expanded. As a rule, renowned architects were commissioned with the planning and construction. Often these resorted to the architectural style of city palaces of the Italian Renaissance . This is how the Berlin type of “bank palace” emerged as a special form of modern commercial building.
Dresdner Bank , founded in 1872 as a stock corporation , which originally concentrated its business in the region around its headquarters in Dresden , also opened a Berlin branch in 1881 - initially temporarily in the Hotel Bellevue on Mohrenstrasse , then in the converted building Französische Strasse 35. The bank had that House bought for 318,000 marks from the heirs of Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy , who died the year before . The move into the capital of the Reich marked a - quite controversial - turning point in corporate policy: Dresdner Bank was to become a nationally operating credit institution. The bank's Berlin business expanded rapidly, so that sales at the head office in Dresden were already exceeded in the 1882/1883 financial year. In 1884 the bank board moved to Berlin; The company's legal seat remained in Dresden until 1950. The premises on Französische Strasse now turned out to be inadequate and, even after an expansion on Hedwigskirchgasse, were insufficient.
Building decision and architectural specifications
In 1886, Dresdner Bank acquired the corner building at Behrenstrasse 39, which was adjacent to the previous location, from the property of a bankrupt private banker . It was now considering building a new business center on what was then Platz am Opernhaus (now Bebelplatz ). When the baroque town house was demolished , it was found that the adjacent building, Behrenstrasse 38, did not have its own gable and was in danger of collapsing. After the judicial clarification of the matter, Dresdner Bank took over this property in 1887 and was able to build a spacious new building on the building area, which is now 1175 m². The costs for the construction of the building as well as for the furnishings and the safe system ultimately amounted to 1,200,000 marks .
The significant increase in the construction area forced architect Ludwig Heim to revise his plans at a time when the construction work had already started. In addition, it was subject to a number of restrictions in its design. Heim had to take into account the requirements of the newly issued Berlin building regulations, which limited the height of the new building on Opernplatz to three floors as well as a basement and an attic. In addition, the client wanted to see a small part of the expansion on Hedwigskirchgasse integrated into the new building. Despite the still limited construction area, all business and administrative areas of the bank as well as around 300 employees should find space in the building. The new business headquarters of Dresdner Bank should have a representative appearance without dominating the Opernplatz.
Overall layout and external appearance
Heim created a modern central complex with two courtyards that adjoined the neighboring houses on Französischer Strasse and Behrenstrasse. The western courtyard could be reached via a passage in a set-back, right-hand part of the building on Behrenstrasse. The inside and outside of the building was in the style of the Italian Renaissance and thus stood out clearly from the urban setting of the baroque Forum Fridericianum . In order to soften this contrast, Heim provided the facades with lavish decoration, but thereby emphasized the representative intentions of the client. With the bank building, a clear architectural accent was set for the first time on the south side of the Opernplatz, but this negatively affected the effect of the neighboring Hedwig's Church .
The basement of the bank building was clad with Bavarian granite , the remaining outer walls were made of Saxon sandstone . A three-axis central projection emerged from the nine-axis main facade on Behrenstrasse , which was bordered by pilasters on the first and second floors and divided by two half-columns. They each had Corinthian capitals . On the first floor, the three windows in the risalit had a segmented gable roof, the remaining windows a triangular gable roof. All the windows on the first floor had a balustrade and Ionic columns. Pillars adorned with atlases on both sides of the portal supported a narrow balcony in front of the middle window on the first floor. There was a parapet balustrade on the main cornice that covered the attic.
Noticeable was a figurative frieze , 90 cm high and located below the main cornice, designed by the sculptor Nikolaus Geiger . It was dedicated to the topic of work, with material work being allegorized on the main facade and intellectual work on the side facade facing Hedwigskirchgasse. The continuous frieze was interrupted on the risalit by the writing “Dresdner Bank”. It was flanked by symbols of striving for success (left) and achieving success (right). A group of figures above the attic , also by Geiger, designed the “Righteous rule of fate”. The embodiment of fate enthroned in the middle held the knot of human fate in her hand. To the right of her a demon pushed a slacker into the abyss, while to the left a creative man with a child received the laurel as a just reward for his efforts.
The inside of the building
In the middle of the building, on the first floor, there was a skylighted counter hall (or cashier) for bank customers. It reached to the first floor, where it was open to galleries. Up to 1.5 m high, the hall was covered with polished granite, above it with marble and stucco marble . The main cash register (opposite the lobby), in which the safes for the box office were located, the personal effects cash register (east as a windowless interior) and the coupon cash register with the currency exchange counter (west) are grouped around the counter hall. To the left and right of the vestibule was the so-called “Correspondenz” of the bank. On the east side of the building there was also an office for the authorized signatories as the head of “Correspondenz” and, to the left of the securities box, the bank's Primanota with the adjoining exchange office to the south.
The main staircase to the west of the entrance hall led into the wide hallway on the first floor, which was open to the counter hall and served as a waiting room and lounge for bank servants. Adjacent to the hall, facing Opernplatz, were the bank management rooms and the boardroom of the supervisory board. On the eastern side of the building were the offices of the sub-directors, the secretariat, the public telephone room and the stock exchange office, in which the bank employees responsible for stock exchange trading resided. Stockbrokers had direct access to these via a side staircase adjacent to the exchange office on the ground floor. An additional spiral staircase created the connection between the offices of the authorized signatories and the sub-directors. The western and southern areas of the first floor occupied the accounting rooms.
On the second floor there were several company apartments for senior and senior bank employees. Initially, the chairman of the supervisory board Eugen Gutmann and the chief authorized officer Felix Jüdell lived here . A side staircase in the rear of the building and the main staircase, which could also be reached from the western courtyard via a side entrance, provided access to the official apartments. A large archive room with a skylight was set up on the top floor facing the Opernplatz.
A staircase in the effects box, which was only accessible via the counter hall, led from the ground floor to the high basement of the building. There, under the cashier's hall, was the vault , which was surrounded by a "control corridor" secured with double-reinforced doors. The box-shaped safe, made of steel plates, took up 65 square meters of floor space and was surrounded by double walls. In order to ensure better ventilation, the room was only secured by a grille during business hours. The securities office to the east of the vault could also only be reached via the stairs to the securities box. In the basement there were also the shipping department (“Expedition”) of the bank, a porter's apartment, a guard's room, the boiler room with a boiler room, a room for the cashiers and supply rooms, including a kitchen.
The general washrooms and toilets of the building were distributed over the basement and ground floor as well as over the first floor and a mezzanine above the ground floor. All office wings also received their own toilets and washrooms as well as built-in cloakrooms. Several letter lifts were installed in the building, for example to facilitate paper traffic between the securities box on the ground floor and the securities office in the basement. The rooms were provided with electric light throughout. All offices also received telephones for internal communication. A low pressure steam heating system warmed the building. It was connected to a ventilation system that ensured the circulation of fresh air in the offices.
Extensions and first conversions
Growing bank and building
By taking over other banks and expanding the branches of business, the Dresdner Bank rose by the First World War from a Saxon provincial bank to an internationally important universal bank , the second largest in the Reich after the Deutsche Bank . In the course of this development, the Berlin headquarters had to be expanded, rebuilt and modernized several times, for example in 1905 by installing elevators. From 1913 the complex comprised the entire square between Behrenstrasse, Hedwigskirchgasse, Französischer Strasse and Markgrafenstrasse - with the exception of the house at Behrenstrasse 36, which remained in the family's possession. Older and newly added components were gradually adapted externally to the core building of Heim, but without creating a completely uniform appearance.
In 1898, the bank acquired the building at Behrenstrasse 37, which had previously housed a cotton shop for decades. The house as well as the right part of the building with a passage at the core building were demolished and replaced in the following year by a four-axle new building, which was externally adapted to the home building. However, the attic was closed here. The figural frieze on the main building was not extended.
A second change to the facade on Behrenstrasse took place in 1910 as part of an extensive expansion of the building. The building at Behrenstrasse 36 was also included in the design of the façade, although it was partly used by Dresdner Bank from 1911 onwards, but remained in the possession of the Engeler family until after the Second World War . (A purchase offer from Dresdner Bank did not lead to an agreement in 1921.) The slightly recessed, eight-axis connecting link at Behrenstrasse 36–37 was created in its current version. The attic was adapted to the core building. The portal in the fourth axis from the left now served as the management entrance.
In the Französische Straße 35-39 a wing with 20 axes was built, the monumental effect of which was achieved by Corinthian colossal columns on the upper two floors, powerful corner pilasters and a mighty entablature . A connecting part at Markgrafenstraße 42 was designed in the same way, while the intermediate links on Hedwigskirchgasse were more like the core building on Behrenstraße.
Expansion to include the Pommersche Hypotheken-Aktienbank
In 1913, Dresdner Bank also took over the corner buildings at Behrenstrasse 35 and Markgrafenstrasse 43–44. The architects Wittling & Güldner designed it in 1895/1896 for the Pommersche Hypotheken-Aktienbank and the Immobilien-Verkehrsbank at a cost of 3.5 million marks . A structural adaptation to the business headquarters could be dispensed with in the new wing, because the exterior of the building was already based on the building of the home when it was built - in Behrenstrasse more than in Markgrafenstrasse.
On the two upper floors, the building showed a continuous structure with pillars and columns on which a strong entablature sat. The street facades above a granite plinth were made of white Silesian sandstone, while two courtyard facades were clad with white porcelain stone. The part of the building of the Pommerschen Hypotheken-Aktienbank showed up on Behrenstrasse with four axes and a length of 30 m; on Markgrafenstrasse it was twice as long. The section of the Immobilien-Verkehrsbank building at Markgrafenstrasse 43 had a facade length of 23 m. A corner risalit on Markgrafenstrasse had a wide balcony in front of the boardroom of the board of directors of the Pommerschen Hypotheken-Aktienbank. The massive façade designed by Wilhelm Haupt was even more marked by ornaments than on the Dresdner Bank building, including coats of arms and figural acroters . The building had a side portal on Behrenstrasse and Markgrafenstrasse for the two banks.
Because of the low level of public traffic at mortgage banks, only a relatively small, but richly marble-decorated counter hall was set up on the ground floor of the Pommerschen Hypotheken-Aktienbank. In it - apart from the counter - the usual dividing elements between bank officials and customers such as panes of glass had been dispensed with. The securities and Pfandbrief vaults that were visible to bank customers and whose steel doors were artfully decorated were also a rarity in Berlin's banking system. On the upper floors were modern, open-plan offices with high windows on both sides, in which the respective departments of the bank were brought together. Individual offices were only available to the directors.
The coffered ceiling of the staircase carried a colorful, allegorical painting by the Austrian painter Franz Theodor Würbel in the middle field . It showed a cloud-enthroned embodiment of the bank, surrounded by figures who represented the luck of trade, industry and agriculture. The boardroom of the bank's board of directors was dominated by dark, precious woods, for example on the deeply recessed coffered ceiling and on the wall cladding as well as on the wing doors and armchairs with artistic carvings. On the main wall there was a magnificent fireplace made of light paonazzo marble with bronze ornaments.
Modification by Ludwig Hoffmann
As a result of the First World War, the concentration on the German capital market accelerated. In 1918, eight major Berlin banks owned 87 percent of German banking capital. The increase in business volume required a further enlargement of the working area, which, due to the lack of building plots, could hardly be achieved using conventional extensions. The way out was to add storeys to existing buildings, but this often led to problematic urban planning results - especially in the vicinity of historical buildings.
In this context, the increase in the Dresdner Bank building, which was carried out between 1923 and 1925 according to plans by city building officer Ludwig Hoffmann , was heavily criticized . Hoffmann added two full floors and a mezzanine to the entire complex above the main cornice. He raised the attic balustrade on Behrenstrasse by two stories and placed it in front of the mezzanine.
The Dresdner Bank headquarters now clearly towered over all the other buildings on the former Opernplatz - now Kaiser-Franz-Joseph-Platz. Hedwig's Church, the effect of which was already severely impaired by a Schnürboden construction of the neighboring State Opera from 1912, was now “almost killed” by the “bloated bank”. While the renovation was still in progress, the architecture critic Werner Hegemann denounced the increase in 1924, but defended the responsible architect. Hoffmann's task was "wrongly placed and therefore unsolvable". In 1930, in the book Das Steinerne Berlin , Hegemann repeated his complaint about the “unforgivable increase in Dresdner Bank”.
In the course of the renovation, the facade on Behrenstrasse was redesigned again and standardized. The atlases on the portal and the sitting balcony disappeared. Geiger's frieze and group of figures were removed; the central projection was extended on both sides by one axis to a total of five axes. Similar to the Französische Straße, the vertical structure of the upper storeys on the risalit was now uniformly based on powerful Corinthian columns. In accordance with Heim's original design, all risalit windows on the first floor were given segmented gable roofs. Hoffmann also removed part of the building decorations and a balcony over the portal on Behrenstrasse from the building of the former Pommerschen Hypotheken-Aktienbank.
Use of the building parts
The cash registers, offices and supply facilities that were originally concentrated in the core building were distributed over the entire complex in the course of the expansion. Associated and subsidiary companies also found accommodation in individual parts of the building.
At Behrenstrasse 35, in the former building of the Pommerschen Hypotheken-Aktienbank, there was the coupon box and the Dresdner Bank personnel office. In the building wing at Markgrafenstraße 43-44, the materials administration and the variety checkout were housed. In addition, the bookkeeping was spread across the corner building. In the private house at Behrenstrasse 36 resided, among other things, the German-West African Bank , a colonial bank that was founded in 1904 by a consortium headed by Dresdner Bank. The German-Austrian Coal Mining Association , the Society for Electric Typewriters , the Operations Department as well as the property and warehouse management were housed in Behrenstrasse 37 . The two neighboring parts of the building also housed the bank's board of directors.
The main cash desk, the stock exchange office, the securities office and the secretariat were still located in the core building at Behrenstrasse 38-39. The cooperative department and the Lippramsdorf union were also located here . The steel chamber for the private safes, the bank archive, the exchange office and the deposit box were housed at Französische Strasse 35-37. The bookkeeping depot was located in the neighboring wing 38–39. Shops at Markgrafenstrasse 41 were rented from a music and paper shop.
War damage
The building complex was hit by aerial bombs several times during World War II. Air raids in November 1943, on 28/29. January 1944 and February 3, 1945 caused severe damage. The south-western wing of the building facing the Gendarmenmarkt was almost completely destroyed . However, the sequence of checkout rooms in the core building of Heim was preserved. The interior of the component of the former Pomeranian Hypotheken-Aktienbank also remained largely intact.
After the air war intensified at the end of 1943, Dresdner Bank relocated parts of the administration of the Berlin headquarters to other cities. The company's general meetings, which first took place in Berlin in 1942 and 1943, were discontinued. However, the headquarters of the executive board remained in the capital of the Reich.
In the second half of April 1945, numerous war refugees found shelter in the main bank of the Dresdner Bank. During the Battle of Berlin , German soldiers also used the building and set up flak positions here. The complex suffered further damage from hits by Soviet artillery .
The building from 1945 to 1990
Expropriation and post-war use
The Soviet city commandant Nikolai Bersarin ordered the suspension of all banking activities in Berlin at the end of April 1945. Payment transactions could only be processed via the Berliner Stadtkontor , a city bank controlled by the occupying power - a measure that was later approved by the Western Allies. The safes at Dresdner Bank's head office were opened by force in May, and the cash and items stored there in the around 4,000 private customers' vaults were confiscated or looted. Substantial holdings of files as well as securities that remained in the main safe were only removed from the building in 1953.
From May 1945, bank employees tried to repair the worst damage in the building in order to make it usable again. On July 2, 1945, however, the Soviet military administration issued an order to Dresdner Bank to vacate its headquarters immediately. The building and its furnishings were given to the Social Democratic Party , whose Berlin Central Committee , chaired by Otto Grotewohl , subsequently resided here. The entire property of Dresdner Bank in the Soviet occupation zone was expropriated in May 1949.
In April 1946, the contracts for the compulsory merger of the SPD and KPD into the SED were signed in the conference rooms of the former headquarters of the Dresdner Bank . The complex housed the district leadership of the SED in the following years . After restoration, the German Central Bank (since 1968 the GDR State Bank ) took over the building and used it until 1990, among other things, as the main branch of the Berlin city office.
Remodeling by Richard Paulick
In 1952, the building complex was restored as part of the reconstruction of the buildings at the former Forum Fridericianum, which was prioritized by the GDR government. The architect in charge was Richard Paulick , who was also in charge of the reconstruction of the heavily damaged State Opera. Paulick endeavored above all to restore the previous proportions at what is now Bebelplatz. The increase in the Dresdner Bank building was withdrawn for this purpose. On the main facade at Behrenstrasse 36-39, only a mezzanine remained of it, which is covered by the attic.
On the other hand, Paulick kept larger parts of Hoffmann's superstructures on the wings of the former Pommerschen Hypotheken-Aktienbank and on Französische Strasse. The destroyed south-western part of the building was torn down down to the basement. Paulick delimited the remaining nine of what were once twenty axes on the upper floors on the Französische Strasse on the left with a new corner pilaster.
The building since 1990
Years of vacancy
After German reunification in 1990, the building complex at Bebelplatz was largely empty for more than a decade. Dresdner Bank AG, which was re-founded in West Germany in 1957, tried in vain to buy back the former head office. In 1997 the company opened the Eugen Gutmann House, a new capital city residence on Pariser Platz .
Director Tom Tykwer used the building in 1998 as a backdrop for his film Run Lola Run . The title character played by Franka Potente visits a bank where her father works several times during the course of the film.
Conversion to an office and hotel complex
The Berlin regional finance office sold the building complex in 2003 for an estimated 30 million euros to Hochtief AG . The construction company had committed itself to developing the 7070 m² area, which also took into account the requirements of monument protection . Before the start of the project, the company estimated the cost of developing the property, now known as OpernCarrée , to be 150 million euros. The renovation or new construction of the complex with a gross floor area of 41,300 m² took place between 2003 and 2006.
In the course of the project development, Hochtief divided the complex into four independent structural elements:
Hotel de Rome
Even before the renovation began, Commerz Grundbesitz Investmentgesellschaft , a Commerzbank subsidiary , acquired the eastern part. It comprises the core building, the completely preserved part of the building wing on Französische Straße and the intermediate links on Hedwigskirchgasse. The new owner rented the property for 20 years to the company Rocco Forte & Family PLC, which operates a number of upscale hotels in European and Arab countries under the name The Rocco Forte Collection . This is where the luxurious Rocco Forte Hotel de Rome was built , which opened in October 2006. The name of the hotel is reminiscent of the Grand Hotel de Rome , which was around 400 meters away until 1910.
BehrenPalais
This part of the building includes the eight-axle intermediate link at Behrenstrasse 36-37. At the beginning of 2006, the Hamburg private bank MMWarburg & CO acquired the building that had been converted into an office building. She set up her capital city residence here. The building also serves as the location of the subsidiary Bankhaus Löbbecke , a traditional private bank with its headquarters in Berlin. In the German Democratic Republic, the state bank of the GDR was in the building .
Margrave Palace
The building section Behrenstrasse 35 and Markgrafenstrasse 43-44 corresponds to the former building of the Pommerschen Hypotheken-Aktienbank and the Immobilien-Verkehrsbank. It was also converted into an office building. The new owner is the Verband der Automobilindustrie ( Association of the Automotive Industry) , whose office completely moved from Frankfurt am Main to Berlin in March 2010 .
Gendarme Palace
On the south-western corner of the area facing Gendarmenmarkt, a new business, office and residential building was built at Markgrafenstrasse 42 and Französischer Strasse 37-39, structurally adapted to the surroundings. For this, the remaining basement of the section of the office that was destroyed in the Second World War was demolished. A total rental area of 7,000 m² is available in the new building. Of this, 430 m² is accounted for by retail space, the remainder by office space on the first four floors and rental apartments on the upper staggered floors. There is an underground car park with 154 parking spaces under the house, which can be reached via a driveway on Französische Straße. The retail space in the building was completely rented to the Wunderkind company of the fashion designer Wolfgang Joop , who set up a flagship store for their fashion label of the same name here.
Preservation of the interior of the building
In the Hotel de Rome, numerous structural elements were preserved during the renovation, which originate from the time the building parts were erected or were created during one of the later renovations. In some parts of the hotel, damage that occurred during the Second World War was deliberately preserved. Isolated structural changes from the GDR era were withdrawn, such as color coverings on granite and marble columns that had been applied to soften the pomp of the building.
The main building's checkout room now serves as the ballroom of the Hotel de Rome. Among other things, the sandstone parapets of the former galleries and a terrazzo floor have been preserved in it. Mosaic inlays refer to the four most important contemporary branches of Dresdner Bank in Berlin, Dresden, Bremen and London. From the post-war period, when the room was used for a short time as a cinema, there were still damaged areas in the floor from armchairs that were previously screwed there. The arches of the galleries are walled up today because guest rooms were created behind them. Instead of a wall that was destroyed in the war, there is an acoustic wall that hides the technical equipment of the room.
The original marble cladding and parquet flooring have been preserved in the historic staircase. The steel railing shows floral ornaments that reveal the influences of early Art Nouveau . A second, two-flight staircase has granite steps with a base area made of light glazed tiles, the latter also decorated with ornamental patterns. On the first two upper floors there are still large stucco fields with figurative decorations in the corridors. In the former management rooms on Bebelplatz, which are rented out as the most expensive suites in the hotel, wooden elements from the time of construction have been preserved, such as wall cladding, doors and occasionally preserved coffered ceilings. On the walls and wooden paneling of these rooms, some war damage has been painstakingly preserved, including shrapnel.
In the entrance hall on Französische Straße you can see a coffered ceiling from the construction period with decorations in the form of Tudor roses . The ceiling is very well preserved, only one of the rose decorations had to be replaced when the building was renovated. Two of the former vaults of the bank building in the basement were integrated into the hotel's spa area: the former main vault in the middle of the core building serves as the treatment room, while the hotel swimming pool is located in the former vault of the customer lockers.
literature
- Dresdner Bank. In: Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Berlin. Edited by Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger and others. Third, revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-422-03111-1 , p. 122.
- Dresdner Bank, Behrenstrasse 36–39. In: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin (Ed.): Monuments in Berlin. Mitte district. Mitte district . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2003, ISBN 3-935590-80-6 , p. 262.
- Ludwig Heim: The new building of the Dresdner Bank building on Opernhausplatze in Berlin. In: Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Vol. 8, No. 48, December 1, 1888, pp. 505–507 ( online ).
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List - Dresdner Bank
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List - Pommersche Hypotheken-Aktienbank & Immobilien-Verkehrsbank
- Website of the Hotel de Rome Berlin - presentation of the history of the building with historical photos
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Uwe Köhler: Bank and stock exchange building. In: Architects and Engineers Association Berlin (Hrsg.): Berlin and its buildings. Part IX: Industrial Buildings. Office buildings. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin a. a. 1971, ISBN 3-433-00553-2 , pp. 220–249, here pp. 220–221.
- ↑ a b c Harald Wixforth: Bank for Saxony or Bank for the Reich? On the history of Dresdner Bank from 1872–1914. In: Simone Lässig, Karl Heinrich Pohl (Hrsg.): Saxony in the Empire. Politics, economy and society in upheaval. Böhlau, Weimar u. a. 1997, ISBN 3-412-04396-6 , pp. 309-342.
- ↑ a b c d e f Martin Engel: Forum Fridericianum and the monumental residence squares of the 18th century. (PDF) Art history dissertation. FU Berlin, 2001, pp. 204-207.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Ludwig Heim: The new building of the Dresdner Bank building on Opernhausplatze in Berlin. In: Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung. Vol. 8, No. 48, December 1, 1888, pp. 505-507.
- ^ Hans G. Meyen: 120 years of Dresdner Bank. Company chronicle 1872 to 1992. Dresdner Bank, Frankfurt am Main 1992, pp. 30–32.
- ^ Architects' Association in Berlin and Association of Berlin Architects (ed.): Berlin and its buildings. Vol. 2/3: Building construction. Ernst, Berlin 1896, Vol. 3, p. 367.
- ↑ Behrenstrasse 38/39 . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1889, part 2, p. 32.
- ↑ a b Dresdner Bank, Behrenstrasse 36–39. In: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin (Ed.): Monuments in Berlin. Mitte district. Mitte district. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2003, ISBN 3-935590-80-6 , p. 262.
- ^ A b Institute for the Preservation of Monuments of the GDR (ed.): The architectural and art monuments in the GDR. Capital Berlin. Volume I. Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09599-2 , pp. 173-174.
- ↑ a b c d e From the bank to the 5-star hotel. The Rocco Forte Hotel de Rome. ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. hotelderome.de, accessed June 1, 2009.
- ↑ Behrenstrasse 37–39 . In: Address book for Berlin and its suburbs , 1899, part 3, p. 40.
- ↑ Last chance to visit. Former Dresdner Bank in Berlin becomes a hotel. BauNetz.de, July 17, 2003; accessed June 1, 2009. The upper picture on the right shows the building after the first expansion on Behrenstrasse.
- ^ Meyen: 120 years of Dresdner Bank. P. 31. The photo on p. 31 shows the facade on Behrenstrasse after the second change. Behrenstrasse 36-39 . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1911, part 3, p. 55.
- ↑ Engel: Forum Fridericianum. (PDF) p. 203, footnote 551.
- ^ Dresdner Bank. In: 75 years of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung. BBZ, Berlin 1930, Part III, pp. 6-7. The photo on p. 7 shows a rare photo of the corner of the building on Gendarmenmarkt that was destroyed in World War II.
- ^ Köhler: bank and stock exchange building. Pp. 222-223, 240. Dresdner Bank, Behrenstrasse 36-39. In: Monuments district center. P. 262. These and other sources postpone the takeover of the building by Dresdner Bank in the 1920s. In fact, the Berlin address book lists the Berliner Hypothekenbank as the owner of the property at Behrenstrasse 35 for the last time in 1913. From 1914 on, Dresdner Bank is listed as the owner. Berlin mortgage bank . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1913, part 3, p. 1035. Dresdner Bank . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1914, part 3, p. 1077.
- ↑ a b c Köhler: Bank and stock exchange building. Pp. 222–223, 240. Applied arts and crafts. (PDF; 24.7 MB) In: Berliner Architekturwelt. Vol. 1, No. 1, 1899, pp. 20-22.
- ↑ a b c Köhler: Bank and stock exchange building. Pp. 225-226.
- ↑ Werner Hegemann: The architectural reconquest of Berlin. Berlin new buildings, conversions and additions. (PDF; 32.1 MB) In: Wasmuths monthly booklet for architecture. Vol. 8, No. 5/6, 1924, pp. 133-148, quoted on p. 144.
- ^ Werner Hegemann: The stone Berlin. New edition of the edition from 1930 slightly changed in the text. Ullstein, Berlin 1963, p. 137.
- ↑ Engel: Forum Fridericianum. (PDF) pp. 204–207. Institute for the Preservation of Monuments of the GDR (Ed.): Architectural and Art Monuments Berlin. Pp. 173-174. Dresdner Bank. In: Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Berlin. Edited by Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger and others. Third, revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-422-03111-1 , p. 122. Meyen: 120 years of Dresdner Bank. Pp. 31-32, 127.
- ↑ Behrenstrasse 35–39 . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1920, part 3, p. 54. Französische Strasse 35–39 . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1920, part 3, p. 246. Markgrafenstrasse 40–43 . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1920, part 3, p. 554.
- ^ Dresdner Bank. In: Dehio: Handbook of Art Monuments Berlin. P. 122. Meyen: 120 years of Dresdner Bank. Pp. 130–132 with a photo of the destroyed wing on Gendarmenmarkt on p. 131.
- ^ Meyen: 120 years of Dresdner Bank. Pp. 130-132.
- ^ Meyen: 120 years of Dresdner Bank. P. 139.
- ↑ a b c Meyen: 120 years of Dresdner Bank. Pp. 139-141.
- ↑ a b Ralf Ahrens: The Dresdner Bank 1945–1957. Consequences and continuities after the end of the Nazi regime. Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58303-8 , pp. 144-145, 154-155.
- ↑ a b Dresdner Bank. In: Dehio: Handbook of Art Monuments Berlin. P. 122. Köhler: Bank and stock exchange building. P. 222–223, 240. Institute for the Preservation of Monuments of the GDR (ed.): Bau- und Kunstdenkmale Berlin. Volume IS 173-174.
- ^ Johannes Bähr: The Dresdner Bank in the economy of the Third Reich. Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-57759-X (The Dresdner Bank in the Third Reich.) Vol. 1, p. Footnote 4. Berlin 360 °. Pariser Platz. Dresdner Bank AG. ( Memento from August 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Berlin.de
- ↑ Michaela Menschner, Ela Dobrinkat: Best of Berlin. Visit Berlin's most famous filming locations. In: Berliner Morgenpost , April 2, 2009.
- ↑ Start of construction for 150 million euro office and hotel project “OpernCarrée” in Berlin-Mitte. ( Memento of the original from November 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Hochtief Development press release. January 29, 2004.
- ^ A b Frank Rumpf: Hotel de Rome opens in Berlin. In: Die Welt , October 11, 2006.
- ↑ a b HOCHTIEF Projektentwicklung celebrates the topping-out ceremony in the 'OpernCarrée'. Hochtief Development press release. September 21, 2005.
- ↑ a b HOCHTIEF Projektentwicklung sells office palaces in OpernCarrée Berlin . Hochtief Development press release. January 16, 2006.
- ^ Henrik Mortsiefer: Auto Association is coming to Berlin. In: Der Tagesspiegel , January 22, 2009.
- ↑ New VDA headquarters in Berlin. Car lobby right in the middle. At: n-tv , February 21, 2010.
- ↑ HOCHTIEF Projektentwicklung rents out the retail space in the OpernCarrée. Press release from HTP Projektentwicklung. October 23, 2006.
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 55.72 " N , 13 ° 23 ′ 37.66" E
