Großenenglis

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Großenenglis
City of Borken
Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 42 "  N , 9 ° 16 ′ 32"  E
Height : 220 m above sea level NHN
Area : 9.91 km²
Residents : 962  (Jan 2020)
Population density : 97 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1974
Postal code : 34582
Primaries : 05682, 05622

Großenenglis is a village in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse and has been a district of Borken since 1974 . The district of Großenenglis is located on the Großenengliser Platte and is the northernmost and, with approx. 988 hectares, the largest in terms of area within the city of Borken.

history

A documentary mention of the place “Angelgise” in the year 775 in the Breviarium Sancti Lulli of the Hersfeld Abbey does not differentiate between the villages of Großenenglis (first in 1255) and Kleinenglis (first in 1240), which were increasingly separated from the 13th century. In the 13th century, both villages were largely owned by the Lords of Borken, probably as feudal lords of the Counts of Ziegenhain , who in turn held their rights there as fiefs from the Hersfeld Abbey . By the beginning of the 14th century at the latest, the Hersfeld feudal lordship passed from the Counts of Ziegenhain to the Landgraves of Hesse . The Lords of Borken did not lose their last property rights in Großenenglis until 1470, where the Lords of Löwenstein had gradually succeeded them as the largest landowners. But also various monasteries had property and income rights in Englis, such as Hasungen , Spieskappel , Haina and the Petersstift in Fritzlar .

A local event of historical importance was the devastating defeat in the Mainz-Hessian War of 1427 , which was led by Count Gottfried von Leiningen, a nephew of the Archbishop, of Archbishop Konrad III 's troops . von Dhaun on July 23, 1427 against that of the Hessian Landgrave Ludwig I , with whom Kurmainz finally lost the battle for territorial supremacy in Northern Hesse. This decisive battle in a centuries-long struggle took place north of Großenenglis, on the Großenengliser Platte between Udenborn , Großenenglis, Kalbsburg and Kleinenglis . Mainz then had to take almost all of its possessions in Lower and Central Hesse from Hesse as a fief.

In 1585 there were 81 households in Großenenglis. In 1639, four years after the troops of the Bavarian general Lothar Dietrich von Bönninghausen burned the place down in the Thirty Years' War , there were only 14 married men and three widows, with a total of three horses and two cows. Almost a hundred years after the end of the war, in 1747, the number of households with a total of 52 was far below that of 1585. In 1835 there were 90 households with 626 Protestant, 15 Jewish and one Catholic population.

On September 18, 1936, Chancellor Adolf Hitler attended a military parade of the IX at Großenenglis . Army Corps of the Wehrmacht in front of 50,000 spectators; it was the largest German military parade after the First World War and the conclusion of an extensive two-day combat exercise.

The southern district (34 residential buildings) had to give way to the brown coal mining "Altenburg II" in 1951 ; instead, a new settlement area was created in the upper village.

On January 1, 1974, the previously independent community in the wake of was municipal reform in Hesse powerful state law in the city of Borken incorporated .

International partnership

Since 1970 Großenenglis maintains a partnership with the municipality of Noailles in the region Picardy , France .

Culture and sights

Buildings

Manor, steeple and church

The defense and church tower
The former village church

The architectural landmark of the village is the 24 meter high and widely visible late Gothic church tower. It was often referred to as the “waiting room on the Landwehr” because it was mistakenly equated with the “ tower on the Bonebach ” not far north of today's Kalbsburg . The tower there was built in 1431/32, a few years after the Mainz-Hessian War of 1427 , which was victorious for the Landgraviate of Hesse , was part of the Landwehr of the Hessian office of Borken opposite Fritzlar in Mainz and was demolished after 1757.

The four-storey tower in the village, on the other hand, with its 6 m square floor plan, was originally the gate tower of the fortified cemetery surrounded by a circular wall , and its pointed arched, barrel-vaulted passage was the access to the churchyard. It was built in the 14th or 15th century; an exact date is not known. The top of the three stone floors has a barrel vault and a slightly cantilevered and formerly open battlement (a weir plate) with sandstone gargoyles at the corners. The floor below, also with a barrel vault, has a loophole in the ceiling for access to the weir plate.

In 1494 , Landgrave Wilhelm II enfeoffed his bailiff at Borken, Philipp von Wildungen , Privy Councilor and hereditary kitchen master , with the tower and an associated castle seat , with the permission to build a castle-like building there and to name it "Hohen Englyes". Wildungen then set up a free aristocratic manor directly next to the churchyard, exempted from taxes and duties by the landgrave, with the tower being included as the entrance to the manor area. The manor house was built in 1515. Philipp von Wildungen was succeeded by his son Caspar in 1516, who was the owner until his death in 1538. His widow continued to run the estate until 1542, before she sold the estate to the Fritzlar merchant Ludwig Catzmann; his son Conrad was enfeoffed with the estate by the landgrave in 1544. After Conrad Catzmann's death, his daughters Margarethe and Elisabeth and his son Wilhelm inherited the estate, and in 1615 Margarethe became sole heir.

When the village was burned down in June 1635 during the Thirty Years' War by troops of the Bavarian General von Bönninghausen , the manor house and the farm buildings also burned down to their foundations. The spire was also a victim of the flames. Only after the sale to the colonel and forester in Marburg , Eckebrecht Steinfeld, were the manor buildings rebuilt in 1659, with half-timbered floors on the Gothic ground floor made of quarry stone. The estate changed hands several times in the following years and was often leased. Since 1987 it has been owned by a member of the von Süßkind-Schwendi family .

In 1661 the tower was assigned to the towerless church, which was about 10 m away and probably built in 1265, a hall building with two cross vaults and a narrower rectangular choir . It received a wooden, shingled structure with a flat tent roof , which accommodated the bells. In 1819 the damaged uppermost area was replaced by two new floors. The church itself was expanded in 1779 with a wider, square choir room with beveled corners. It was sold in 1973 and has been used as a workshop and warehouse ever since.

A new church was dedicated on December 2, 1973. It is an unadorned, functional building without a church tower and offers space for 200 people. With the rectory built in 1968 and the parish hall, it forms the evangelical parish center in the middle of the village.

Secular buildings

  • Amtshaus (Sternstrasse, built in 1686 as the administration building of the von Linsingen family )
  • Former manor (first manor house built 1505–1515 by Philipp von Wildungen, not rebuilt until 1659 after a major fire in 1635.)
  • Former manor Kalbsburg (approx. 2 km to the north outside) with tower "Hohenenglis" (= former transformer station) and villa (built 1911–1913)

  • The former office building of the von Linsingen family

  • The Kalbsburg villa

  • The former manor house Kalbsburg

  • The former transformer station at the Kalbsburg from 1911

Sports

The only sports club in Großenenglis is the TuS Viktoria Großenenglis 1912 eV The club specializes in popular sports and is u. a. Organizer of the annual Victoria Duathlon, which is known beyond regional borders. The women's soccer department in particular has an important external impact on the entire site; the first women's team and the C-Juniors are currently (2019/20 season) in the Hessenliga.

Personalities

The theologian Marianne Hartung (* 1954) was born and raised in Großenenglis. Her main work "Fear and Guilt in Depth Psychology and Theology" was published in 1979.

literature

  • Werner Ide: From Adorf to Zwesten: Local history paperback for the Fritzlar-Homberg district. Bernecker, Melsungen, 1972
  • Josef Paulduro & Heinz Neutzer: Großenenglis “Yesterday and Today”. Grossenenglis cultural ring, 1990
  • Local advisory board and historical working group Großenenglis (ed.): History and stories: 1225 years of Großenenglis: Facts worth knowing, incidents, happenings, Großenenglis, 2000
  • Literature about Großenenglis in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ Großenenglis, Schwalm-Eder district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of August 31, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ City information - population figures. In: website. City of Borken (Hessen), archived from the original on July 23, 2018 ; accessed in July 2018 .
  3. ↑ He was a relative, probably a nephew, of the former Provost of Mainz Cathedral and Bishop Elect Gottfried von Leiningen , who died in 1210.
  4. ↑ Großenenglis, Schwalm-Eder district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  5. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts Fritzlar-Homberg, Melsungen and Ziegenhain (GVBl. II 330-22) of September 28, 1973 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1973 No. 25 , p. 356 , § 11 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2,3 MB ]).
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 393 .
  7. ↑ City partnerships and sponsorships. Noailles. City of Borken (Hessen), accessed April 2019 .
  8. ↑ Similar church towers with integrated access to a fortified cemetery can only be found in Hessen at the Nikolaikirche in Helsa , district of Kassel , and the fortified church of St. Kilian in Hochstadt , Main-Kinzig district .
  9. ^ Church district Fritzlar: Parish of Großenenglis
  10. ↑ Philipp von Wildungen's successor on the estate was his son Caspar. After his death in 1538, his widow continued to run the estate until it was sold to the Fritzlar merchant Ludwig Catzmann in 1542; his son Conrad was enfeoffed with the estate by the landgrave in 1544. After Conrad Catzmann's death, the estate passed to his daughters Margarethe, Elisabeth and their son Wilhelm. In 1615 Margarethe became the sole heir. During the Thirty Years' War, around 1635, the manor house and the farm buildings burned down to the ground. The buildings were only rebuilt in 1659 after they were sold to the colonel and forester in Marburg, Eckebrecht Steinfeld. In the following years the manor changed hands several times and the farm was partly leased to administrators during this time.
  11. ^ TuS Viktoria Großenenglis 1912 eV