Gombeth

Gombeth City of Borken Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 54 ″ N , 9 ° 17 ′ 21 ″ E
Height :	173 m above sea level NHN
Area :	5.5 km²
Residents :	678 (Jul. 2018)
Population density :	123 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	December 31, 1971
Postal code :	34582
Area code :	05682
	Gombeth

Gombeth is a district of Borken in the north Hessian Schwalm-Eder district .

Geography and traffic

Gombeth, with around 700 inhabitants, is located on the north bank of the Schwalm , about 2.5 km as the crow flies northeast of the core town of Borken. The district road 17 coming from Großenenglis runs through the village in a north-south direction , which crosses the Schwalm on the southern edge of the village, then leads between Singliser See in the east and Gombether See in the west to state road 3149 and thus connects the village with the city center. The district of Gombeth has a size of around 550 hectares .

Both the Singliser See and the Gombether See are the results of the lignite open-cast mine once operated here, a result of the recultivation of the open-cast mine in the Borken lignite mining area . The 74 hectare Singliser See is a popular area for windsurfers . The Gombether See is not yet completely full (it is only filled by groundwater inflow and precipitation) and will be 80 hectares in size by the end state reached in 2028.

history

The first written mention of the place took place in the year 807, when a certain Brunicho, member of a sex rich, especially in Wormsgau , Speyergau , Oberrheingau and Lobdengau , but obviously also in Hessen wealthy landowner, the monastery Lorsch 2 Mansen , 60 Joch and 1 Bifang of 200 yoke with serfs in the Gombeth-Mark - in Guntbotere marca in Hessengau - as well as a manse in Singlis.

In the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries, other religious institutions and aristocratic families from the area were also declared to be landowners or holders of tithe or other rights in Gombeth, for example the Hasungen monasteries (1123) and Weißenstein (1223, 1252, 1256) , 1285), the St. Petri-Stift zu Fritzlar (1209, 1310, 1348), the lords of Holzheim (1256, 1265, 1290), von Altenburg (1291), von Wolfershausen (1291), von Löwenstein-Schweinsberg (1292 ), von Bischoffshausen (1293), von Homberg (1294, 1295, 1297), von Goddenhausen (1316), von Dillich (1317) and von Falkenberg (1395). From 1285 at the latest, however, the Ballei Hessen of the Teutonic Order appeared as an increasingly dominant landowner in the area due to numerous donations and purchases in the years 1285 to 1319. In the 14th century, the monasteries Breitenau (1316), Spieskappel (1322, 1348, 1364) and Homberg (1351) also acquired property in Gombeth. The district of the well around the middle of the 13th century desolate fallen location Bergheim was soon incorporated it into the of Gombeth.

In 1223 there is talk of a manor ("villa"), in 1285 of a curia ("curia"). The size of the village that formed around this first courtyard can be grasped for the first time in 1537 when 29 houses were counted, and by the end of the 16th century there were already 40 or more house people . The Thirty Years War brought death and devastation. After Tillys Landsknechte in 1631 , Croatian horsemen in 1635 and Polish troops in 1636, there were only 9 married and 4 widowed householders in the village in 1639; 5 horses, 3 cows and 2 oxen were still there. Until the middle of the 19th century, the population of the village rose again steadily, but then a gradual decline set in, caused by work-related migration to cities. After the First World War , growth began again when lignite mining created new jobs. During and after the Second World War , bombed out and displaced persons were added, so that the village finally had more than 1000 residents.

Narrow-gauge train in the Gombeth opencast mine, 1987

As a result of the Stolzenbach mine disaster in June 1988, all coal production in the Borken lignite area was stopped. The Gombeth opencast mine was the last to be continued until the closure of the Main-Weser power plant in Borken on March 15, 1991. Along with the shedding of almost 2,000 jobs in the mining area and the power station, there was also a significant decline in the resident population in Gombeth. In mid-2018, 678 people lived permanently in the village.

On December 31, 1971, the previously independent community was incorporated into the city of Borken with seven other places.

Population development

1537: 29 houses
1575/85: 40 house seats
1639: 9 married, 4 widowed house seats
1724: 101 people
1747: 51 households
1783: 331 inhabitants

1834: 607
1840: 603
1852: 564
1864: 571
1871: 538
1875: 501

1885: 524
1895: 466
1905: 493
1910: 449
1925: 536
1939: 585

1946: 877
1950: 988
1961: 955
1970: 1013
2018: 726

Mining

North of the village, on the southern slope of the Hüttersberg, a small iron mine was in operation from the 14th to the end of the 18th century . The ore was washed in the Schwalm and, from the 17th century, brought to Veckerhagen or Holzhausen for smelting .

In 1900 the Arnsbach an der Straße nach Borken union opened a lignite mine, which was closed in 1909 due to a water ingress. Funding for this civil engineering company, which was connected to Borken station by a track in 1906 and at times had around 120 employees, totaled around 80,000 t.

The Gombether See 2008; in the background remains of the former Borken power station and the Schwalmpforte

In 1921, the state of Prussia took over the mining rights in the Borken lignite area, which had been taken over by the Deutsche Kalisyndikat in 1919 , and founded the Großkraftwerk Main-Weser AG union , which began building the Borken power plant in 1922 and then became part of PreussenElektra in October 1927 . The village of Gombeth was affected relatively late by the beginning of the second Borken lignite mining period, but then very severely. Numerous jobs were created in mining and in the power plant, but for the opencast mines “Altenburg II” (operated 1942–1964), “Altenburg III” (1946–1955), “Singlis” (1961–1972) and “Gombeth” (1970 –1986), the “Dosenberg” waste landfill and the “Altenburg II” (1947–1971) and “Schwalm” (1956–1964) underground pits, the community had to make available large parts of its 569 hectare area. Several larger farms were therefore relocated by Preussen-Elektra.

After the end of operations, the Altenburg II mine was re-cultivated for agriculture, the Altenburg III mine was partially recultivated, partially built on and partially incorporated into the Gombeth mine, and the Singlis mine was flooded ( Singliser See ). The Gombeth pit was partially filled with overburden and has also been flooded since then ( Gombether See ).

Church history

Ev. Gombeth Church

In 1251 a preacher ("ecclesiasticus") is mentioned, in 1345 a pleban . At the time of the introduction of the Reformation in the Landgraviate of Hesse in 1527, Gombeth was still an independent parish; The first Protestant pastor was from 1527 to 1551, when Gombeth was parish off to Großenenglis , Johannes Dormann (also called Johannes Gumpette), already known as a pleban in 1521. The church patronage was from 1477 at the latest and until at least 1606 the Hersfeld fief of the Lords of Falkenberg.

The chancel of today's village church comes from a previous building made of quarry stone and timber framing from around 1500, crowned by a roof turret , the other parts of which were demolished in 1959 and replaced by a new building inaugurated in 1962. The current bell tower , the oldest of four bells, dates from 1502. The last major renovation of the church took place in 1995–1997. With effect from January 1, 2014, the previously independent parishes of Großenenglis-Gombeth and Singlis - Lendorf were merged to form the Evangelical Parish of Großenenglis-Singlis.

literature

Klaus Jüngling, Christel Heßler and Günther Jacobi: 1200 years of Gombeth . Local history in texts and pictures. Ed .: Gombeth local advisory board of the city of Borken [Hessen]. Plag gGmbH, Schwalmstadt 2007.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b "Gombeth, Schwalm-Eder district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of June 11, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

↑ City information - population figures. In: website. City of Borken (Hessen), archived from the original on July 23, 2018 ; accessed in July 2018 .

↑ In documents from later years the place name appears in alternating forms: Gumbethde (1123), Gvmpette (1223), Gumpete (1265), Gvmpeht and Gumpetehe (1285), Gumpetthe and Gunpetthe (1290), Gvmpeth (1293), Gumphete (1295) , Gunbette (1395), Gompette (1434), Gumpert (1540), Gumbeth (1575/85), Gumpaht (1597), and Gompett and Gumbehtt (1610).

↑ Willi Alter: "The Brunicho of the Emicho group of the 8th century." Communications of the Historical Association of the Palatinate, Volume 60, 1962, pp. 33–87; Wilhelm Alter: The Emicho Group at the end of the 8th century. Communications of the Historical Association of the Palatinate, Volume 60, 1962, pp. 5-32.

↑ Codex Laureshamensis diplomaticus , Tom. III, p. 158, digitized at ub.uni-heidelberg.de.

↑ In a document on the donation of real estate in Rasdorf and Soisdorf near Fulda to the Fulda Monastery , Brunicho is referred to as Count (comes). ( Edmund Ernst Stengel (Hrsg.): Urkundenbuch des Klosters Fulda , I (Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse and Waldeck, X, 1), Marburg, 1958, No. 145, pp. 203-206.)

^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 392 .

^ W. Rabe: The iron mine near Gombeth . In: Hessenland: Illustrated monthly sheets for local research, art and literature, 37th year, issue 5, Kassel, May 1925, pp. 149–151

↑ Bernd Heßler: From a small agricultural town to a mining and power station town. In: Magistrat der Stadt Borken (Ed.): 675 years of the city of Borken. Riemann, Melsungen 1992, pp. 8-9

^ Oskar Hütteroth: The old Hessen pastors of the Reformation period , Historical Commission for Hesse and Waldeck, Elwert, Marburg, 1966, ISBN 3-8635-4002-6 , p. 500