Supply technology

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Utility installations in a factory building
Installation for process supply

Under Versorgungstechnik all technical measures are combined in general, building , premises supply and other facilities.

Supply systems are used

  • the energetic supply, e.g. B. with electricity , gas and heat for building heating ,
  • the material supply, z. B. with water and gas,
  • the disposal of sewage and waste and
  • the establishment of communication and data connections.

Which plants are included in this depends on the context.

Supply technology can be viewed as a sub-area of building technology , plant construction and process technology.

Terminology

The term supply technology is not defined in the draft of DIN 4749 or in Part 1 of VDI 4700 . The terms technical building equipment ( TGA ) or building technology or building technology system ( GTA ) are more common, which generally only refer to systems within buildings, but which have a large overlap with supply technology. The terms are sometimes used synonymously.

As an alternative to building the concepts are still technical development and building technology in use, with building services in the strict sense only to installations of plumbing, heating and air conditioning technology applies in the area of residential buildings. In a broader sense, electrical , electromechanical and control systems also belong to building technology.

Areas of supply engineering and abbreviations

In summary, heating , air conditioning and ventilation technology are often referred to as HVAC or HVAC technology , i.e. heating, ventilation and air conditioning technology . In Switzerland in particular, the abbreviation HLKK-Technik is used for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration technology .

Without refrigeration technology, the collective term WBR is also used as an alternative for heat supply, domestic water heating and ventilation technology . The corresponding international name is HVAC for "Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning ".

If the related area of sanitary engineering is to be explicitly mentioned, the abbreviations SHK -Technik, for sanitary, heating and air conditioning , HLS for heating, ventilation, sanitary or HKLS for heating, air conditioning, ventilation, sanitary are used.
The area of ​​sanitary technology itself is sometimes abbreviated as GWI for gas-water installation or GWA , which stands for gas, water and sewage technology (or gas, water, sewage and fire extinguishing technology ).

RLT stands for air conditioning .
ELT stands for electrical engineering .
FMT is occasionally used for telecommunications technology.
GLT stands for building management technology .
MSR stands for measurement, control and regulation technology .
AFL stands for elevator , conveyor and storage technology .

Sub-areas

The supply technology includes:

A classification of the technical supply systems according to cost groups is made in the cost breakdown of DIN 276 "Costs in the building industry" (section cost group 400 building - technical systems and 550 technical systems). The structure of the 2nd level of the 400 KG from DIN 276 is widely used. Thus, the shares HOAI the technical planning of the technical equipment in scope to by asset groups. The Association of German Engineers (VDI) also uses different guidelines structured according to cost groups or refers to them. The structure of the VDI technical building equipment department can also serve as a guideline. However, it is noticeable here that the area of cleanroom technology has its own specialist committee.

In the table below, the individual sub-areas are assigned to the cost groups (KG) of DIN 276 and the system groups (AG) of the HOAI. It should be noted that, according to current comments, the AG of the HOAI also includes the respective associated system parts from KG 550 (until 2018-12: KG 540). This also fits with paragraph 4, §54 of the HOAI, where it says: "The costs for the non-public development and the technical facilities in outdoor facilities are not counted if the contractor does not plan these or does not monitor their execution."

KG of DIN 276 Ref. DIN 276 AG of the HOAI Reference of the HOAI VDI technical committee comment
410 Sewage, water and gas systems 1 Sewage, water and gas systems Sanitary engineering -
420 Heat supply systems 2 Heat supply systems Heat engineering / heating technology s. a .: heating technology
430 Air conditioning systems 3 Ventilation systems Ventilation technology s. a .: Ventilation technology and air conditioning technology
440 Electrical systems 4th High voltage systems Electrical engineering and building automation (FA-ELT) s. a .: VDE
450 Communication, security and information technology systems 5 Telecommunication and information technology systems Electrical engineering and building automation (FA-ELT) -
460 Conveyor systems 6th Conveyor systems Elevator technology (FA-AUF) -
470 Usage-specific and process engineering systems 7th usage-specific systems and process engineering systems - -
480 Building and plant automation 8th Building automation and automation of engineering structures Electrical engineering and building automation (FA-ELT) -
490 Other measures for technical systems - - - -

This classification does not take into account technical systems that are functionally directly related to KG 300 systems such as power-operated doors or gates, electromechanical sun protection or RWA systems.

development

Building technology is not an invention of recent times; the first approaches to technical equipment can be found in the earliest residential buildings / huts. Building technology was already at a high level in antiquity. B. to the water supply in the Roman Empire with the help of aqueducts and pipe systems (lead pipes) or the underfloor heating already operated by the Cretans and Romans by passing flue gases into the chambers below (hypocaust heating) .

Younger contemporary history

The specialist association TGA was founded in the VDI in 1975 . Technical building technology takes up an ever greater share of the effort and cost of buildings. Depending on the type of building, their share in building construction is between 25% and 60% of the total construction costs. In complex construction projects, the building technology is supervised by specialist planners . The object planner (e.g. an architect ) or a project manager only takes on the overall coordination.

job profile

In German-speaking countries there are various professions that are related to supply systems. In the academic field, there are a number of professions that develop, manufacture or plan systems. As a rule, due to the complexity of the subject, engineers dealing with supply technology systems only cover technical sub-areas of supply technology during their professional activity.

The situation is similar with the dual vocational training supply engineering: draftsmen , systems mechanics for sanitary, heating and air conditioning systems and plumbing (Switzerland: plumber ). In Austria, installation and building technology is a modular apprenticeship. In the area of ​​elevator technology there is currently (2016) neither a training occupation nor a course of study in Germany.

Through advanced training , people in the field of supply technology can become technicians , for example technicians for heating, ventilation and air conditioning technology .

Education

In Germany, supply engineering is offered as an independent degree program at various universities of applied sciences. The field of study usually covers large parts of supply technology, but without being able to deepen all sub-areas within the framework of the training. In the GDR, the relevant course was usually called Technical Building Equipment . At some (technical) universities, supply engineering is offered as a subject as part of process engineering or mechanical engineering studies.

Before the start of the Bologna Process , the academic degree " Dipl.-Ing. (FH)" was awarded after graduation . In the Bologna process, most of the universities of applied sciences have switched their courses to the internationally widespread system with the degree " Bachelor of Engineering " and the postgraduate degree to the " Master of Engineering ".

At the universities, the departments are often divided into specializations or subject areas. The most widespread subject is likely to be technical building equipment. In addition, there are z. B. Energy and environmental technology, disposal technology and facility management .

Colleges and universities that offer the supply engineering course are z. B .:

The European Study Academy for Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Ventilation in Frankfurt / Main also offers a Bachelor of Science degree in refrigeration and air conditioning .

Regulations

There are many technical rules , standards and ordinances that deal with the field of supply technology. The German Institute for Standardization , the VDI and the VdS publish their regulations through Beuth Verlag.

For the area of ​​public administration in Germany, the mechanical and electrical engineering working group of state and municipal administrations (AMEV) issues recommendations on the planning, construction and operation of technical building equipment.

The Bundeswehr makes use of the "Building Guidelines" (BFR), which are created and published by the Federal Building Department.

Organizations

See also

literature

  • Klaus Daniels: Building Technology, A Guide for Architects and Engineers. vdf, university publisher at the ETH Zurich, 2000, ISBN 3-7281-2727-2 .
  • Thomas Laasch, Erhard Laasch: House technology. 13th edition. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-8348-1260-5 .
  • Wolfram Pistohl: Handbook of building technology. Volume 1: General, plumbing, electrical, gas. 7th edition. Werner Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-8041-4684-6 .
  • Wolfram Pistohl: Handbook of building technology. Volume 2: heating, ventilation, lighting, energy saving. 7th edition. Werner Verlag, Cologne, ISBN 978-3-8041-4685-3 .
  • Edwin Wellpott, Dirk Bohne: Technical extension of buildings. 9., completely redesigned. and updated edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-17-018911-5 .
  • HLH - "ventilation / air conditioning, heating / sanitation, building technology" (original title heating, ventilation, building technology ), trade journal for technical building equipment, published by the Association of German Engineers

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DIN 4749: 2018-05 Terminology
  2. ↑ VDI 4700 Bl. 1: 2015-10 Terms in construction and building technology
  3. ↑ Construction and building technology. VDI, accessed on January 2, 2019 . /
  4. ↑ R. Jochem: HOAI Commentary, Springer, 2016, ISBN 978-3658028312 , pp. 984-995.
  5. ↑ HOAI 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2019 .
  6. ^ Klaus W. Usemann, Martin Grassnick: Baths and hygienic facilities as evidence of earlier cultures. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag 1992, ISBN 978-3486262278 .
  7. ↑ VDI 6026 Bl. 1: 2008-05 Documentation in technical building equipment, introduction, p. 2
  8. ↑ a b Qualification in technical building equipment. VDI, September 2016, accessed on January 2, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Our courses of study - energy systems. Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, accessed on February 12, 2019 .
  10. ↑ All regulations at a glance. Beuth Verlag GmbH, accessed on January 4, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Home. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Working Group, accessed on January 4, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Guidelines. BMVg and BMI, accessed on January 4, 2019 .