Israeli cabinet

The Israeli Cabinet (officially: Hebrew ממשלת ישראל Memschelet Yisrael ) is a formal body composed of ministers of the State of Israel , selected and led by the Prime Minister . The composition has to be approved by parliament, the Knesset . Under Israeli law, the prime minister can dismiss cabinet members, but must do so in writing, and new appointments must be approved by the Knesset.

Most ministers preside over a ministry, but some ministers have no portfolio . Most ministers are members of parliament, although only the prime minister and the acting prime minister are required to be members. Some ministers are also called deputy or deputy prime ministers. Unlike the Deputy Prime Minister, these offices have no legal significance. The cabinet works according to fundamental rights .

The cabinet meets weekly in Jerusalem on Sundays . Additional meetings may be held if circumstances so require. The Prime Minister presides over the meetings.

term

In addition to the cabinet described here, the government, there is also the security cabinet ( Hebrew הקבינט המדיני-ביטחוני HaKabinet haMedini-Bitachoni ), a smaller forum of cabinet members that makes decisions on defense and foreign policy and can consist of up to half of the cabinet members, and the kitchen cabinet ( Hebrew המטבחון HaMitbahon ), a gathering of senior officials or unofficial advisers to the Security Cabinet.

Governments since the founding of the state

34 governments have been formed since Israel's independence was proclaimed. David Ben-Gurion has the largest number of government formations with nine (including the Provisional Government ), followed by Yitzchak Shamir with four, followed by Golda Meir , Levi Eschkol and Benjamin Netanyahu with three each. This is followed by Yitzchak Rabin , Menachem Begin , Shimon Peres and Ariel Sharon , each with two government formations. Ehud Barak and Ehud Olmert were each responsible for forming a government.

List of Governments

No.	Of	To	Reason ^{* 1}	Prime Minister	Coalition partner	Knesset
0	05/14/1948	02/03/1949	Term of office	David Ben-Gurion	Provisional Government	0
1	March 8, 1949	October 15, 1950	resignation	David Ben-Gurion	Mifleget Poalei Eretz Israel (Mapai), HaChasit haDatit haMe'uchedet (United Religious Front), Miflaga Progresivit (Progressive Party), Sfaradim VeEdot Misrach (Sephardi and communities of the Orient)	1
2	10/30/1950	02/14/1951	resignation	David Ben-Gurion	Mapai, United Religious Front, Progressive Party, Sephardi and Communities of the Orient	1
3	10/08/1951	December 19, 1952	resignation	David Ben-Gurion	Mapai, HaMisrachi (Spiritual Center), HaPo'el haMisrachi (Workers of Misrachi), Agudat Jisra'el (Agudah), Poalei Agudat Jisra'el (The Workers of Agudat Israel)	2
4th	12/24/1952	December 06, 1953	resignation	David Ben-Gurion	Mapai, General Zionists , Spiritual Center, Misrachi Workers, Progressive Party	2
5	01/26/1954	06/29/1955	resignation	Moshe Sharet	Mapai, General Zionists, Spiritual Center, Misrachi Workers, Progressive Party	2
6th	06/29/1955	03/11/1955	Term of office	Moshe Sharet	Mapai, General Zionists, Spiritual Center, Misrachi Workers, Progressive Party	2
7th	03/11/1955	December 31, 1957	resignation	David Ben-Gurion	Mapai , HaMisrachi , HaPo'el haMisrachi , Mapam , Achdut haAwoda , Progressive Party	3
8th	07/01/1958	07/05/1959	resignation	David Ben-Gurion	Mapai , National Religious Party , Mapam , Achdut haAwoda , Progressive Party	3
9	December 17, 1959	01/31/1961	resignation	David Ben-Gurion	Mapai , National Religious Party , Mapam , Achdut haAwoda , Progressive Party	4th
10	11/02/1961	06/16/1963	resignation	David Ben-Gurion	Mapai , National Religious Party , Achdut haAwoda , Po'alei Agudat Israel	5
11	06/26/1963	December 15, 1964	resignation	Levi Eschkol	Mapai , National Religious Party , Achdut haAwoda , Po'alei Agudat Israel	5
12th	December 22, 1964	01/12/1966	Term of office	Levi Eschkol	Mapai , National Religious Party , Achdut haAwoda , Po'alei Agudat Israel	5
13th	01/12/1966	02/26/1969	death	Levi Eschkol	Avoda , National Religious Party , Mapam , Independent Liberals, Po'alei Agudat Israel	6th
14th	03/17/1969	December 15, 1969	Term of office	Golda Meir	Awoda , Gahal , National Religious Party , Independent Liberals	6th
15th	December 15, 1969	03/10/1974	Term of office	Golda Meir	Awoda , Gahal until August 6, 1970, National Religious Party , Independent Liberals	7th
16	03/10/1974	04/11/1974	resignation	Golda Meir	Avoda , National Religious Party , Independent Liberals	8th
17th	06/03/1974	12/22/1976	resignation	Yitzchak Rabin	Awoda , Ratz until November 6, 1974, Independent Liberals, National Religious Party from October 30, 1974	8th
18th	06/20/1977	08/05/1981	Term of office	Menachem Begin	Likud , Schlomzion, National Religious Party , Agudat Jisra'el , Dasch from October 24, 1977	9
19th	08/05/1981	10/10/1983	resignation	Menachem Begin	Likud , National Religious Party , Agudat Jisra'el , Tami, Telem, Tehija	10
20th	10/10/1983	09/13/1984	Vote of no confidence	Yitzchak Shamir	Likud , National Religious Party , Agudat Jisra'el , Tami, Telem, Tehija	10
21	09/13/1984	10/20/1986	rotation	Shimon Peres	Avoda , Likud , National Religious Party , Agudat Jisra'el , Shas , Morascha, Shinui , Ometz	11
22nd	10/20/1986	12/22/1988	Term of office	Yitzchak Shamir	Likud , Avoda , National Religious Party , Agudat Jisra'el , Schas , Schinui to May 26, 1987, Ometz	11
23	12/22/1988	03/15/1990	Vote of no confidence	Yitzchak Shamir	Likud , Avoda until March 15, 1990, National Religious Party , Shas , Agudat Jisra'el , Degel haTora	12th
24	06/11/1990	06/23/1992	Term of office	Yitzchak Shamir	Likud , National Religious Party , Shas , Agudat Jisra'el , Degel haTora , Tehija, Tsomet until December 31, 1991, Moledet until January 21, 1992	12th
25th	07/13/1992	11/04/1995	death	Yitzchak Rabin	Awoda , Meretz , Schas until September 14, 1993, Ji'ud from January 9, 1995	13th
26	11/22/1995	05/29/1996	Term of office	Shimon Peres	Awoda , Meretz , Ji'ud	13th
27	06/18/1996	01/04/1999	Vote of no confidence	Benjamin Netanyahu	Likud , Gescher through January 6, 1998, Tsomet, Shas , National Religious Party , Israel baAlija, United Torah Judaism , The Third Way	14th
28	07/06/1999	03/07/2001	resignation	Ehud Barak	Electoral alliance Ein Israel , Schas , Meretz , Center Party, National Religious Party , Jahadut Hatora , Israel baAlija.	15th
29	03/07/2001	02/28/2003	Term of office	Ariel Sharon	Likud , Labor-Meimad , Schas , Center Party, National Religious Party , Jahadut Hatora , Israel baAlija, Ichud Leumi-Jisrael Beteinu.	15th
30th	02/28/2003	04/14/2006	Incapable of office	Ariel Sharon	Likud until January 15, 2006, Schinui until December 4, 2004, Ichud Leumi until June 6, 2004, National Religious Party until November 11, 2004, Avoda from January 10, 2005 to November 23, 2005, Agudat Jisra'el from March 30 2005, Kadima from November 23, 2005	16
31	05/04/2006	02/10/2009	resignation	Ehud Olmert	Kadima , Labor-Meimad , Schas , Jisra'el Beitenu until January 18, 2008, GIL	17th
32	March 31, 2009	03/18/2013	Term of office	Benjamin Netanyahu	Likud , Jisra'el Beitenu , Schas , Awoda (until January 19, 2011), haBajit haJehudi , United Torah Judaism , Haatzma'ut (Awoda split from January 19, 2011), Kadima (May 9 to July 19 2012)	18th
33	03/18/2013	04/12/2014	resignation	Benjamin Netanyahu	Likud , Jisra'el Beitenu , Jesch Atid (until December 4, 2014), haBajit haJehudi , Hatnua (until December 4, 2014)	19th
34	05/14/2015	05/17/2020	Resignation * ²	Benjamin Netanyahu	Likud , haBajit haJehudi , Kulanu (until January 2, 2019), Shas , United Torah Judaism , Jisra'el Beitenu (May 30, 2016 to November 18, 2018)	20 , 21 , 22
35	05/17/2020	officiating		Benjamin Netanyahu	Likud , Chosen LeJisra'el , United Torah Judaism , Schas , Gescher , HaBajit haJehudi , Derech Eretz , Awoda (partially)	23

^{* 1} reasons: resignation: resignation of the government, term of office: end of the term of office of the government, death: death of the prime minister, vote of no confidence: by the Knesset, incapacity: the declaration of incapacity by the prime minister

^{* 2} : After Jisrae'l Beitenu left government, Prime Minister Netanyahu scheduled new elections for April 2019, which did not result in a clear majority. Another polling scheduled for September 2019 did not lead to the formation of a government either. A government was only formed after a third round of elections on March 2, 2020. The 34th government was in office until it was sworn in on May 17, 2020.

History of the Israeli Governments

The left-wing coalitions (1948–1976)

David Ben-Gurion at the proclamation of the State of Israel, 1948

Moshe Scharett 1955

Levi Eschkol 1947

Golda Meir (1973)

From the founding of Israel until June 19, 1977, the Israeli workers' parties Awoda and its predecessor organization Mapai headed all coalition governments.

The War of Independence prevented the planned elections to the Knesset and the Provisional State Council formed a provisional government under David Ben-Gurion on May 14, 1948 . Its main ordinances concerned the establishment of an administration, the defense of Israel, the establishment of the Israeli army and the introduction of its own currency. The Provisional Government has also established the national symbols, flags and coats of arms, and has set its own rules of procedure.

After the first elections, David Ben-Gurion formed the first government. He said the coalition was open to any party, as long as it was not Cherut or Maki .

On October 15, 1950, the first government resigned over a dispute with the National Religious Party over training in transit camps for new immigrants. There was also a dispute within the Mapai over the dissolution of the supply and rationing ministry and over the appointment of a businessman as minister of trade and industry.

The second government was formed again with the same coalition partners, but resigned on February 14, 1951 after a vote defeat on the proposals for the education of immigrant children. All efforts to form a new government were unsuccessful, so that new elections took place.

The third government resigned because of disagreements with the religious parties over strengthening the religious education system. David Ben-Gurion also resigned as prime minister of the fourth government because he wanted to retire to kibbutz Sdeh Boker, Negev.

His successor, Moshe Scharett , formed the fifth government, which resigned on June 29, 1955 because of the dispute with the General Zionists over Israel Katzner. Israel Katzner was a member of the Mapai and was accused on June 22, 1955 of collaborating with the National Socialists and taking sides in their favor in the Nuremberg trials against the main war criminals .

By the end of the legislative period on November 3, 1955, Moshe Scharett formed a new government with the remaining coalition partners.

After the elections to the 3rd Knesset , David Ben-Gurion formed the seventh government on November 3, 1955. The most important event of this reign was the Suez crisis . The government resigned on December 31, 1957 because information from cabinet meetings and coalition meetings leaked to the public. The "leak" could not be found.

The eighth government was in office only briefly. It resigned because the coalition partners Achdut haAwoda and Mapam refused to give the government their consent to the structuring of relations with the Federal Republic of Germany.

After the elections for the fourth Knesset , David Ben-Gurion formed the ninth government, into which he brought many young party members such as Moshe Dajan , Josef Tal, Abba Eban and Shimon Peres . She resigned when the Lawon Affair Committee released its final report.

Since the Prime Minister could not form a new government, new elections were held in 1961 . After the elections, David Ben-Gurion was also able to form the 10th government. He resigned a short time later because he had the feeling that he no longer had the confidence of his friends and party comrades in the Lawon affair.

The 11th government under Prime Minister Levi Eschkol also resigned in connection with the Lawon affair . The 12th government remained in office until the end of the legislature. After the sixth parliamentary elections in 1965, Levi Eschkol was able to continue to rule, although his party emerged from the election weakened.

During this reign, on the eve of the victorious Six Day War for Israel, the Gahal bloc joined the first national unity government. The members of the Gahal Joseph Saphir and Menachem Begin became ministers without portfolio . After the war, a wave of terrorism by the PLO followed with kidnappings and attacks. Levi Eschkol ruled until his death on February 26, 1969. Golda Meir was able to form the 14th government for the remaining legislative period .

Her party emerged victorious in the subsequent elections to the seventh Knesset in 1969, and she formed the 15th government with the same coalition partners. On August 6, 1970, the Gahal Bloc left the government.

On October 6, 1973, the Yom Kippur War began with a surprise attack from Egypt and Syria . The war traumatized the Israeli public, which had hardly noticed the foreign policy threat.

Although she was able to win the December 31, 1973 elections to the Knesset despite losses, the accusations in the Agranat Commission's report forced Prime Minister Golda Meir to resign on April 11, 1974 after just one month.

Her successor was Yitzchak Rabin . He was the first prime minister to be born in the country . Shimon Peres became Minister of Defense and has since been a central figure in the Labor Party and in Israeli politics. The government resigned on December 22, 1976 after the National Religious Party disagreed with a vote and its ministers left the government. The government remained in office until June 19, 1977.

The Likud Coalitions (1977-1992)

Menachem Begin

Yitzhak Shamir

The 18th government was formed by Menachem Begin on June 20, 1977. He was the first prime minister of Likud and ended almost thirty years of rule by the Avoda or their predecessor party, the Mapai. The Avoda suffered a loss of 15 percent of the vote in the parliamentary elections on May 17, 1977.

The Avoda’s image was damaged , among other things, because of the constant quarrels between Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin and Defense Minister Shimon Peres . The Haaretz also revealed that Leah Rabin had a bank account in the USA, which was not allowed under Israeli law at the time. The Dasch, which took part in an election to the Knesset for the first time, immediately won 15 seats and entered the government on October 24, 1977.

The most important events of this reign were the speech of Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat in the Knesset, the award of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978, the first to an Israeli citizen, and the signing of the Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty on March 26, 1979 between Menachem Begin and Anwar as-Sadat. It is the first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab state.

Likud also won the next Knesset elections on June 30, 1981, and Menachem Begin remained Prime Minister until his resignation in the summer of 1983. Ariel Sharon became his defense minister . During this reign, Operation Peace to Galilee began . The Kahan Commission paid particular attention to investigating Israeli responsibility for the Sabra and Shatila massacres , which led to the resignation of the Defense Minister and Chief of Staff Rafael Eitan .

After his resignation, the previous Foreign Minister, Yitzchak Shamir , became Prime Minister of the 20th government on October 10, 1983. After he lost a vote of no confidence in parliament in the spring of 1984 , new elections were held in July of the same year.

In the elections to the eleventh Knesset in 1984, neither the Likud nor the Avoda won a majority. Neither party succeeded in forming a coalition. After weeks of difficult negotiations, an agreement was reached to form a government of national unity, with the Prime Minister rotating with the Foreign Minister, who was also Vice Prime Minister.

Shimon Peres was Prime Minister of the 21st government for the first 25 months of the grand coalition . On October 20, 1986, the positions changed and Yitzhak Shamir became Prime Minister.

Even after the elections to the twelfth Knesset in 2988, there was a new government of national unity, but without a change in the office of prime minister. Yitzhak Shamir remained Prime Minister even after the Avoda left the government on March 15, 1990 over a dispute over a peace initiative by the US Secretary of State James Baker . Likud managed to win new coalition partners from the religious and national parties.

This 24th government remained in office until the end of Yitzhak Shamir's term on June 23, 1992. During this reign, from January 18, 1991, the bombardment by Iraq with R-17 rockets fell during the Second Gulf War , the Madrid Conference beginning on October 30, 1991, and Operation Solomon , which brought 14,325 Ethiopian Jews to Israel .

The duel: Avoda and Likud (1992-2005)

Yitzchak Rabin, 1986

Shimon Peres, 2001

Benjamin Netanyahu, 2010

Ehud Barak

Ariel Sharon 2001

In the elections held on June 13, 1992, the Avoda was able to win some seats due to quarrels in the leadership of the Likud . The Avoda leading politician, Yitzchak Rabin , who had replaced Shimon Peres as party leader because he was hoped for greater support from the electorate, formed a coalition government with the Meretz party and the Shas . The coalition received the support of the Arab and Communist parties. The Shas later left the coalition, leaving Rabin with a minority government that relied on the votes of the Arab and Communist parties in the Knesset.

The most important events of the government were the agreements with the Palestine Liberation Organization , PLO: The Oslo I Agreement of September 13, 1993, the Gaza-Jericho Agreement on May 4, 1994 and the Oslo II Agreement on September 24, 1995 . For this, Yitzchak Rabin was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize as the second Israeli government president . His foreign minister Shimon Peres and the chairman of the PLO , Yasser Arafat, were honored with him.

Yitzchak Rabin was assassinated on November 4, 1995 by Jigal Amir on the Square of the Kings of Israel, now Rabin Square, in Tel Aviv because of his policy of peace with the Palestinians .

Shimon Peres , the previous deputy prime minister and foreign minister, became prime minister again and continued the policy of Yitzchak Rabin . He founded the 26th government with the previous coalition members. He tried to advance the peace policy and pursued a liberal economic policy . The Oslo Accords were to be put into effect, which included military regrouping in the West Bank and the first Palestinian elections on January 20, 1996.

Because he received broad public support, had a clear lead in the polls over the relatively inexperienced chairman of Likud Benjamin Netanyahu and he wanted his own mandate, Shimon Peres called new elections after only three months in office. Otherwise these would not have had to be held until the end of October 1996. It was the first elections in the history of the State of Israel in which the Prime Minister was to be elected directly and no longer by the Knesset.

In late February and early March 1996, a series of suicide bombings by Palestinian terrorists took place, killing around 60 Israelis . There were increased attacks from southern Lebanon , from where Katyusha rockets were launched against northern Israel. This has resulted in a serious loss of public support for Shimon Peres and doubts about the peace process . This situation was also exacerbated by the fact that, despite the strong economic growth triggered by immigration and the peace process, social and economic disparities continued to grow.

The chairman of Likud , Benjamin Netanyahu , emerged as the narrow winner of the first direct election of the prime minister in Israeli history . His lead was only 30,000 votes, which was one percent. With this election defeat, Shimon Peres was the only Israeli government president to date who could never win an election. He was Prime Minister twice without being elected by the people.

Benjamin Netanyahu formed the 27th Israeli government on June 18, 1996, a right-wing coalition that promised to continue the peace process, but to put Israel's security first and to call for reciprocal peaceful action and a fight against terrorism. In addition to the Likud, his coalition consisted of the parties Tsomet and Gescher , as well as the three religious parties ( Shas , National Religious Party (Mafdal) and United Torah Judaism ) and the more moderate parties HaDerech HaSchlischit and the immigrant party Yisrael b'Alijah.

The Gescher party resigned from the coalition in January 1998 because of the resignation of its leader David Levy from the post of foreign minister.

Persistent difficulties within the coalition government, which were also evident in the negotiations on the budget for 1999, ensured that the Knesset passed a law on January 4, 1999 for its early dissolution.

The new election was held on May 17, 1999.

The party leader of the Avoda , the former General Ehud Barak , formed the electoral alliance One Israel with David Levy's party Gescher and the Meimad around Rabbi Michael Melchors, both parties with a social basis. He enlisted the services of an advisor to US President Bill Clinton to conduct a professional, strategically planned election campaign for prime minister. After his nationwide landslide victory, he formed a broad coalition.

He drew inter alia withdrew Israeli troops from Lebanon and wanted to resume negotiations with the Palestinians. After the Camp David negotiations failed due to the intransigence of the Palestinians and the number of suicide bombings increased, Barak, like Peres, lost confidence in 1995 and lost the scheduled new elections.

In the course of the second half of 2000 and after the outbreak of the Second Intifada , as well as the associated negative economic strain, Barak gradually lost his coalition partners and the support of the Israeli public. In December 2000, he resigned.

On February 6, 2001, the elections for the office of prime minister were held, which Ehud Barak lost to his rival Ariel Sharon of Likud . It was the last direct election for the office of prime minister.

The February 17, 2001 elections to the Knesset resulted in a coalition of national unity, led by Likud politician Ariel Sharon , which initially included the Avoda (Foreign Minister Shimon Peres , Defense Minister Benjamin Ben Eliezer ).

During the 29th government, on October 23, 2001, the Israeli Minister of Tourism, Rechaw'am Ze'ewi, was the first member of the Israeli government to be murdered in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict .

After winning the new elections in January 2003, Ariel Sharon pursued a hard-hand policy at the head of the 30th government, a coalition of right-wing parties. It consisted of the start of construction of the Israeli barriers to protect against terrorist attacks, the targeted liquidation of extremists , but also the dismantling of Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank .

His coalition broke due to the resistance of the religious Shas against Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, also known as the Sharon Plan, and the liberal Shinui against budgetary policy. In order to implement his withdrawal plan, Ariel Sharon formed from January 10, 2005 again a grand coalition with the Avoda under Shimon Peres , who became foreign minister.

On August 9, 2005, the finance minister, Likud member Benjamin Netanyahu , resigned over the dispute over the Sharon plan .

After the Sharon Plan was controversial within the Likud and he could no longer be sure of the support of his party, Ariel Sharon resigned from the Likud on November 21, 2005 as the incumbent Prime Minister. This is considered unique within a stable and western-oriented democracy.

He became chairman of the Kadima party, which was founded on November 28, 2005, and remained prime minister.

The Kadima Coalitions (2006-2009)

Ehud Olmert 2009

Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s new party , Kadima , was joined by other prominent politicians, including Shimon Peres from Avoda .

The new chairman of the Avoda , Amir Peretz , resigned from the coalition. This forced Ariel Sharon , after he had not found a suitable new coalition partner, at the end of 2005 to ask the president to dissolve parliament and hold new elections.

The Prime Minister suffered a minor stroke on December 18, 2005 during the election campaign. On January 4, 2006, he fell into a vegetative state. The official business was taken over by Ehud Olmert .

The elections to the Knesset on March 28, 2006 were the fifth election in ten years. Ehud Olmert brought about a coalition of initially four parties. In the summer of 2008, allegations of corruption were brought against the Prime Minister. Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni was elected as the new chairman of the Kadima on September 17, 2008, and Ehud Olmert announced his resignation as prime minister four days later.

Attempts by Tzipi Livni to continue the coalition government as the new prime minister failed due to resistance from the ultra-orthodox Shas party. That is why President Shimon Peres ordered new elections to the Knesset on February 10, 2009. Ehud Olmert remained in office as executive prime minister.

Likud coalitions (since 2009)

Benjamin Netanyahu (2018)

After the Israeli parliamentary elections in 2009 , Tzipi Livni , as party leader of the strongest party Kadima, was commissioned by the president to form a new government. After their talks with possible coalition partners had failed, Benjamin Netanyahu was able to form a new government. His new government, the 32nd, consisted of six parties: Likud , Jisra'el Beitenu , Shas , Avoda , HaBajit haJehudi and United Torah Judaism ; it comprised 30 cabinet members.

After the governing coalition was unable to agree on a common budget, early elections were held on January 22, 2013 . After around two months of negotiations, a coalition agreement was reached on March 15, 2013 between the Likud-Beitenu alliance led by Benjamin Netanyahu, the Yesh Atid party of Jair Lapid, Naftali Bennet's right-wing settlers' party HaBajit haJehudi ("Jewish home") and the Hatnua party signed by Tzipi Livni. Israel's 33rd government has 68 of the 120 seats in the Knesset and has consisted of 22 ministers and 8 deputy ministers since it was sworn in on March 18, 2013.

After a government crisis in December 2014 ended with the dismissal of Yesh Atid ministers and the Knesset disbanded, an early election was held on March 17, 2015, which resulted in a success for Netanyahu's Likud. Netanyahu's new coalition government made up of Likud , Kulanu , Shas , HaBajit haJehudi and United Torah Judaism , which took office on May 14, 2015, initially only had a narrow parliamentary majority with 61 of the 120 seats. In May 2016, Jisra'el Beitenu joined the government, giving it 67 seats.

After three consecutive elections, Netanyahu's fifth coalition government took office on May 17, 2020, including Netanyahu's Likud and Benny Gantz Chosen LeJisra'el , the major religious parties United Torah-Judaism and Shas , and four other small parties.

Web links

Current and former Cabinets Knesset website

Individual evidence

^ Provisional Government of Israel. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .
^ Government 1. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .
^ Government 2. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .
^ Government 3. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .
^ Government 4. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .
^ Government 5. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .
^ Government 6. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .
^ Government 7. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .
^ Government 8. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .
^ Government 9. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .
^ Government 10. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .
^ Government 11. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .
^ Government 12. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .
^ Government 13. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .
^ Government 14. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .
^ Agreement on coalition. New government in Israel stands. In: Süddeutsche.de. March 14, 2013, accessed March 17, 2013 .
^ Government in Israel. Netanyahu's new coalition begins work. (No longer available online.) In: tagesschau.de. March 18, 2013, archived from the original on March 21, 2013 ; Retrieved March 22, 2013 .

[1] Provisional Government of Israel. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .

[2] Government 1. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .

[3] Government 2. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .

[4] Government 3. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .

[5] Government 4. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .

[6] Government 5. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .

[7] Government 6. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed February 7, 2014 .

[8] Government 7. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .

[9] Government 8. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .

[10] Government 9. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .

[11] Government 10. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .

[12] Government 11. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .

[13] Government 12. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .

[14] Government 13. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .

[15] Government 14. In: Governments of Israel. Knesset , accessed November 26, 2017 .

[16] Agreement on coalition. New government in Israel stands. In: Süddeutsche.de. March 14, 2013, accessed March 17, 2013 .

[17] Government in Israel. Netanyahu's new coalition begins work. (No longer available online.) In: tagesschau.de. March 18, 2013, archived from the original on March 21, 2013 ; Retrieved March 22, 2013 .