Kadelburg (Küssaberg)

View of Kadelburg from the Rhine

Kadelburg is a district of the Baden-Württemberg community Küssaberg in Klettgau in the district of Waldshut . The mountain church, built in 1832, is the church of "the oldest Protestant parish in the Baden Oberland."

Location and importance

In the town center near the Upper Rhine

Kadelburg located on the north bank of the Rhine in a semi-circular plane defined by the arc-shaped recession of the near-shore tail of a ridge of the Randen is formed. This valley begins to the east at Reckingen and ends again at Ettikon . Today the area is occupied by the municipality of Küssaberg.

Kadelburg is located in the western part of the lowland and was a "settlement that was important over the centuries." The naming as an original reference to meaning was discussed contrary in local research, but there is much to suggest that the place with the cheap ferry connection over the Upper Rhine (through the subsequent damming by running) was secured with a hill fort in Celtic times. Under the Romans, the main connection shifted through the construction of bridges from Zurzach to the Rheinheimer bridgehead with the Heeresstraße via Bechtersbohl, but after the Alamanni rushed in, they could have set up their own center again on the castle hill "Bürglen" in opposition to the Roman Rhine line.

Since the Roman bridges were probably destroyed or dilapidated from the 5th century onwards, the ferry gained in importance again and in the later centuries the traditions speak of an economically and politically dominant town, especially due to the close ties to Zurzach. Only when it was completely destroyed in the Swabian War in 1499 and with the boom that Rheinheim took as the administrative center of the Rheinau monastery, the places will have come into equilibrium within the framework of their religious opposites. This was also taken into account in the municipal merger in 1973, in that the modern administrative center was built on the Rheinheim district, but was oriented towards Kadelburg.

For details see: History of Kadelburg

village life

The municipal councils of Kadelburg with Ettikon as well as those of the other Küssaberg places (with the exception of Bechtersbohl ) agreed on December 4 and 5, 1972, to merge to form the entire municipality of Küssaberg , which came into force on January 1, 1973. In view of its size, Kadelburg / Ettikon with 6 councilors received twice or three times as many seats as the other towns.

• In Kadelburg there are several restaurants, two music bars, a Turkish snack bar, also retail stores, a farmer's shop, three discounters on the periphery and a branch of a retail chain in the center. Plus Volksbank and Sparkasse. The town center is being redesigned. Until 1980 there was still a farm with large livestock in the middle of the village.

The Trotte is reminiscent of the formerly rich wine-growing region

The municipality of Küssaberg is investing 1.7 million euros in 2020 “for the ongoing state renovation program that is taking effect in the Kadelburg district. [...] Another 1.5 million euros go to the planning and design of the new center of Kadelburg. "

Associations and activities The
common facility for associations and events is the former “Trotte”. Local clubs are the music club, the gymnastics club and the jester club "Kadelburger Fergen". There is a polo field towards the commercial area.

• The village is also the location of the citizenship project “Living in old age”, which the municipality implements together with the community in Kadelburg. A total of 4.4 million euros are planned for this, one million has already been built, 2.2 million will cost planning and construction in 2020.

• The central elementary school of the municipality of Küssaberg, the kindergarten "Wirbelwind" and the Evangelical nature and forest kindergarten are located in Kadelburg. Another activity of the Evangelical Congregation is the children's bistro, for which three kitchen teams cook lunch in the Dietrich Bonhoeffer House every Tuesday for a good 50 children and often a few other visitors .

culture and education

• The library is located on the first floor of the old town hall (Tuesdays from 5pm to 6.30pm).

• At the moment, the homeland and genealogist Friedrich Mensing is creating a local family book with information about the events in the village. Mensing recorded over 15,000 people who lived in Kadelburg between 1550 and 1950.

Neunschwanz development area

• In December 2019, Silvia Carmen Baumgartner from Kadelburg published the book "The excluded years" covering the period from 1933 to 1935. "There should be sequels until 1945."

The “Neunschwanz” residential area with so-called “town houses” was built on the western edge of the village. “In the land register from 1752 it says: ... the Nüschwantz, antea called Müsschwantz [...] the nine-tail thus becomes a mouse-tail. [...] Tail is also an elongated corridor. "

Economy and Transport

Kadelburg is on Landstrasse 161 Süd, a busy west-east connection. From the first roundabout to the west, highway 162 branches off to Lauchringen . “Up to 12,000 vehicles per day” are expected when passing through town. At the beginning of December 2019, the local council spoke out “for the establishment of a qualified noise action plan” with the aim of setting a speed limit.

View to the west with the industrial area. In the background the Leibstadt nuclear power plant

• At the end of 2019, a Weidling made of the weather-resistant Corten steel was erected on the new roundabout of the L 161 at the end of the village in the direction of the industrial park by Küssaberger art forges and metal workers . A Weidling is a flat boat with two standing rowers, which can also be used to transport heavy loads. It was already used by the Celts . "The work of art is intended to remind of the centuries-old ferry connections between Kadelburg and Barz-Zurzach."

To the west in the direction of the town of Homburg, which is part of the Waldshut-Tiengen district , are the district's recycling center and the Küssaberg industrial park "Unter Greut", which is dominated by the company Hago , a company in the mechanical engineering sector. There are still numerous, smaller businesses and workshops here.

• There is a campsite in Kadelburg . On the Swiss side of the Rhine is the Barzmühle , which can be reached with the Zurzach – Kadelburg ferry .

Old story

According to E. Gersbach, Bronze Age burial mounds are located in the vicinity of Ettikon and Homburg.

Celtic prehistory?

According to the local history researcher Emil Müller-Ettikon from Küssaberger , who assumes the Celtic origin of the place, the actual fortress was to the northeast of the "Bürglen" hill with today's mountain church, which was included as a southeast corner at best:

“The old Keltenburg is located above the Ausserdorf in Egghau. It was not a hilltop castle, as originally built by the Celts, but a so-called ' Viereckschanze '. Between Egg-Graben and one of the holes, which also include the 'Chaibeloch', a plateau rises around eighty meters in a square that does not seem to have been created by nature's whim. The Egg-Graben gorge in the west and the deep, gorge-like incision in the east, as well as the embankment of the Rhine to the south, reveal the changing, helping hand of man. There is no sign of a conclusion to the mountain. Has the trench with the wall been filled up there, or was there just a knot of branches? "

- E. Müller-Ettikon: Kadelburg , 2nd edition, 1964, p. 15. f.

• Currently, “eight apartment buildings with 26 residential units are to be built on the eastern side of the“ Eckhau ”(today's spelling), at the“ ravine-like incision ”. Residents have set up a“ community of interests ”against the plan.

“The southwest corner of the castle has been destroyed by the construction of the road to Dangstetten. And now the Egg-Graben is being used as a debris dump. One wants to remove the sharp bend in the road, and again the old earthwork has to suffer. [...] If you stand at the southeast corner of the old fortress, you can see that no better place could be chosen to keep an eye on the course of the Rhine from Zurzach. "

Müller-Ettikon assigns the old Kadelburgers to the Latobriger tribe , which as a part of the Celtic Helvetii under pressure from Teutons ("the Suebian king Ariovist ") 52 BC. Tried to emigrate to Gaul together. They were defeated by Caesar in the battle of Bibracte and had to return.

Naming

Emil Müller-Ettikon, started with Kadelburg as a Celtic foundation from the syllable “Cad”, which means something like vessel and “the Anglo-Saxons [..] used for ship. In the old Low German, a reduction syllable was added and the word kedel was also used for ship. […] The first English poet is called Cadmon, which means nothing more than ferryman. Accordingly, Kadelburg means nothing else than 'Fährburg'. ”In research, however, there is no evidence that confirms Emil Müller-Ettikon's assumption, see: Cadmon .

Around the same period, 1969, the early researcher Egon Gersbach also dealt with the naming:

Rest of the ramparts of the prehistoric complex

However, he does not assume an extensive system ("Egghau") like Müller-Ettikon, but only from the "small-scale section fortification in an angular position on a high plateau above Kadelburg", on which "here most likely the fortified courtyard of a (Alamannic?) Nobleman (could) have confiscated by the Merovingian or Carolingian kings. "

“The place appears for the first time in a document donated by King Charles III. to the monastery Reichenau in 876 or 881 as Kadilburck . [...] Such a name presupposes the castle of a nobleman named "Kadil". Since it has given its name to the settlement at its feet, the foundation date of the castle must be decidedly earlier than the source information. "

- Egon Gersbach : Urgeschichte des Hochrheins, 1969, p. 217.

For the topography and the findings on the former fortification see: Wallburg Kadelburg

The representation found in the literature that the name is derived from “Kadoltesburg” is rejected by Gersbach: “ I couldn't find any evidence for the spelling Kadoltesburg , which is said to have appeared in donations to the Rheinau monastery since 876 , as I could for the donations self."

Gersbach writes that "between the castle and the Alemannic burial ground at your feet there (could) be direct relationships." (E. Gersbach: Urgeschichte , note 106, p. 209):

Findings from the time of the Alemanni

While the Romans after the establishment of the camp at Dangstetten at the Rhine crossing in 15 BC. BC - according to the lack of finds - were not interested in building (there is speculation about a watchtower on the hill) or the Celtic fortifications destroyed as is assumed for the oppidum located in the Rhine loop near Rheinau due to the simultaneity of the events, archaeological information can be found in Kadelburg did not return until the Alemannic conquest in the 6th century.

“As early as 1829, graves were discovered under the cellars of the school house. In 1901, when the school was being rebuilt, many skeletons and accessories were found. A red plate of raw terra sigillata , a sprout fibula made of silver with gilding, two silver earrings, pieces of a thin bronze bracelet and a number of clay beads are in the Karlsruhe State Museum . Without a doubt, these are Alemannic finds that date back to the last Roman period. "

Apart from the Alemannic grave goods, there are no original finds from the 1st to 4th centuries from Roman times . However, Müller-Ettikon “with certainty” accepts a road from Zurzach through Kadelburg to Gurtweil - a Roman villa was excavated there. The author describes the course of the road:

“She walked under Langenhalden, then climbed up the Riedhalde through a ravine to Langensteinweg , which she followed for a hundred meters and then did not turn right, but went straight on again in a ravine, the 'Karrenweg', to the height of the Gerberholzes . There are still stones to be found there, which show the deeply cut tracks. At the sting, the road has two lanes at a distance of about three meters so that oncoming traffic is not obstructed. ”(EME, 18 f.).

middle Ages

Hans Matt-Willmatt in the chronicle of the district of Waldshut, p. 56:

"In the Carolingian era , 'Kadoltesburg' was mentioned for the first time in 876 as a donation from Gaugrafen Gotsbert, who was wealthy in the Albgau and Klettgau, to the Rheinau monastery." Egon Gersbach questioned this claim and there was no evidence of Rheinau property in the village. The first mention would be in the deed of Charles III. called donation in the same year 876 to the Reichenau monastery with the name Kadilburck. (see above in the naming chapter ).

These are also the first traditions and after the departure of the Romans around 400 AD; For the first to be called cautious conquest of the Alamanni on both sides of the Rhine, only general descriptions are possible for the next centuries, because direct reports from the regional environment do not exist. Around 500, the Alemanni with their sporadic social structures were subject to the Franks, which, based on Roman traditions, had already organized themselves in a much more advanced state and culturally. The Alamanni avoided Roman (ruined) sites, while the Franks under the Merovingian kings expanded these, as they existed geographically as traffic junctions or military bastions. Franconian start-ups usually end with -heim, the older Alamannic ones with -ingen or -ikon. In the 6th and 7th centuries a lot was cleared, these new tubs were mostly associated with the name "Greut".

However, especially in the Black Forest regions and often remote, the Alamanni lived very independently and there were several attempts to shake off Franconian supremacy. Alemannia, which is often ruled by independent aristocratic families, only opened up in the Duchy of Swabia in 911 . The old Carolingian empire of Charlemagne was also broken up as a result of the inheritance divisions among all the king's sons; It was followed by the Ottonians , who introduced more stability by assigning rulership only to the eldest son, but their most important task was to organize society and 'military strength' against the incursions of the Hungarian cavalry armies, which depopulated entire regions and also moved along the Upper Rhine .

In 955 they succeeded in defeating the Hungarians in the battle on the Lechfeld .

In the meantime, alongside the nobility, the monasteries had gained predominance in people's everyday life.

A peculiarity arose in the whole region, which shaped Kadelburg's history and stood out from the environment: Belonging to Zurzach, which became part of the Swiss Confederation.

Monastic and aristocratic rule

By the Carolingian King Karl III. , who ruled Eastern Franconia with the Alamannia and donated the royal property apparently existing in Kadelburg to the Reichenau monastery, which supported him , was wealthy in the place. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the documents, whose old holdings were destroyed during the Hungarian invasions and also - in the region - by the Zurzach fire in 1294, are also used again.

Chronicle at the Kehlhof

“The Kehlhof belonged to the Reichenau Monastery. Reichenau was still quite a distance away, and the monastery had lost much of its importance due to the long struggle between the emperor and the pope [in the investiture controversy ], in which, in contrast to St. Blasien, it was on the emperor's side. It sold its property to Kadelburg (after 1270). It was probably a nobleman who acquired the Kehlhof and with it the lower jurisdiction and the bailiwick . ”(EME, 27).

Hans Matt-Willmatt describes the progress : The Lords of Klingen (1271) "exchanged their property in the village to the St. Blasien monastery " and the barons of Krenkingen (1294) ceded "their Kadelburg goods to St. Blasien as well". In 1271, a "Rudolf von Kadelburg" is also mentioned, who probably belonged to a lower nobility and had his seat in the castle above the village. "

"In 1361, Rudolf von Kadelburg was the bailiff of the Bishop of Konstanz and ruled the Klingnau Castle over the episcopal abbeys of Klingnau and Zurzach."

The conditions in Kadelburg indicate that the time after the reorganization by Rudolf von Habsburg began to move in his southern 'ancestral lands' from the end of the 13th century to the middle of the 15th century, until the regaining of imperial power from the regional nobility clearly favored the monastic spheres of power.

Kadelburger Kehlhof / Kelnhaus , also Vogtshaus

Canons of Zurzach

“In 1410, Baron Johann von Rosenegk sells half of the Kelnhof zu Kadelburg to Albrecht Merler von Schaffhausen. [...] On Bartholomew's Day, Albrecht Merler sells this property with all rights to the Canons of Zurzach . That was entirely in the spirit of the Kadelburgers, who themselves contributed to the purchase price through annual interest. The Bishop of Constance issued a certificate of confirmation of this purchase in 1453. ”(HMW, 56).

County of Baden as part of the Confederation with Zurzach and the affiliation of Kadelburg (15th century)

The Zurzach canon monastery was also subordinate to the diocese of Constance , and on the other hand the Confederation had developed south of the High Rhine , which was in sharp contrast to the Habsburgs . The power center of Klettgau, the Küssaburg , passed from the Diocese of Constance into the hands of the Counts of Sulz in 1497 as the new lords of the Landgraviate of Klettgau . Likewise, the county of Baden with Zurzach went into the administration of the Confederates.

The opposites erupted in a warlike manner, the Kadelburgers got between the fronts:

"In the Swabian War of 1499, the Kadelburgers moved with the Zurzachers under the flag of the County of Baden in front of the Sulzer residence, the old Klettgau town of Tiengen, which was completely destroyed." The peace in Basel on September 22, 1499 ended the war between the centers of power, however Count Rudolf V von Sulz “relentlessly took revenge for the destruction of Tiengen. For the aid given to the Swiss, Kadelburg was the first village in the Klettgau to be plundered and burned. "

The Zurich occupation in Zurzach did nothing to put a stop to the ruin - violent arguments broke out, starting with the provost of the monastery, but military aid was not granted, the Kadelburgers fled across the Rhine. “The Zurzach Abbey, to which Kadelburg has felt a connection since time immemorial, helped alleviate the great misery. The destruction of the village has probably also deprived the residents of the courage to excel in the peasants' war. ”(HWM, 56).

There was still a dispute about the village for decades, since after the restoration in 1519 the canons decided to cede the place “for 420 guilders in pledge to Count Rudolf von Sulz.” The Kadelburgers turned to the Swiss Confederation, which was interested in 'bridgeheads' and after much back and forth - it was also about the money - after the death of Count Rudolf in 1535, the son “ Hans Ludwig , Count von Sulz, Landgrave in Klettgau and the Imperial Court Judge in Rottweil, refrained from buying his father and take back the purchase price including six-year interest. "In 1541 the monastery acquired the lower jurisdiction in Kadelburg and was thus and" through the pilgrimage to the grave of St. Verena and the Zurzacher markets are connected to the right bank of the Rhine in a special way. ”And“ the relationship between the monastery and the Kadelburgers gradually improved, and apart from a lot of friction, they remained their 'dear and loyal subjects' for 300 years. ”(EME , 36 ff.).

Modern times

The background and therefore also the reason for the back and forth about ownership was the Reformation , which had spread in and through the crisis of the Catholic Church with its secularization and corresponding grievances.

At first, the innovations outweighed the persistence of the “old, Catholic faith” and due to the strong movement in the nearby Confederation “the Zurzach parish voted on August 24, 1529 and decided against only seven votes in favor of the new teaching. None of the Kadelburgers voted against. ”The request for a new preacher was granted in Zurich. The churches were cleared out and it is reported that "the Kadelburgers also had their iconoclasm ."

On October 11, 1531, the Zurich reformer Huldrych Zwingli was killed after being captured in the battle of Kappel . The Counter Reformation triumphed; Nevertheless, a split in questions of faith had to be recognized, since Zurich, which was inferior to the other federal towns, remained a power.

The governor of the federal county of Baden “rode to Kadelburg with the governor and a large entourage. [...] After admonitions, intimidation and promises, a vote was taken: To the great displeasure of the governor, there was still more for maintaining the new faith. Because of the peace, the Kadelburgers were allowed to go to church with the preacher in Zurzach, if one was there. "

This led to all sorts of problems, but the Kadelburgers received a decision by the Swiss Confederation that they could no longer be forced against their (voting) will; but adherents of the Catholic faith were also guaranteed their freedom. “But the whole of the 16th century was filled with the conflict of faith.” (Quotations in chapter: EME, 40 to 48, 61).

Thirty Years' War

The religious disputes spread across Europe and mingled with the power politics of numerous states. This was preceded by a plague epidemic on the Upper Rhine in 1610 and war broke out in 1632. In October 1633 the Catholic imperial rulers , “who had been told that the Kadelburg heretics were heretics, attacked the village, murdered, plundered and pillaged. Whatever could, sat down in a willow and fled across the Rhine. Over there it was teeming with refugees from the area on the right bank of the Rhine. At times there were 1,400 men in Zurzach alone. ”After that, the Confederates issued the Kadelburgers“ a security letter - a salva guardia . [...] In all these turmoil, raids and wars after the great war , the Kadelburgers fared incomparably better than their neighbors [on the right bank of the Rhine]. From then on, the Swiss decorations were permanently displayed at all entrances and prevented troops passing by from looting. ”(EME, 63 f.).

18th century

After the death of Count Johann Ludwig II. Von Sulz in 1687 , who remained without a male heir, but had managed with the Emperor in Vienna that “the Lords of Tiengen and Küssenberg could now also fall to female heirs by imperial grace”, the Landgraviate went through the marriage of his eldest daughter to the Schwarzenberg family. For the princes of Schwarzenberg , however, these lordships were only small territories in extensive possession, concentrated in Bohemia (Krummau), and their court office in Vienna. The princes saw themselves as supporters of the Enlightenment , of reason and rational thinking, and so the count's arbitrariness gradually gave way to a "government" acting on the path of order.

In addition, 'school education' seemed increasingly important, but the conditions were still 'medieval' and there was no sense of reform or even profound change. The necessary 'overthrow' took place during the war, starting with the French Revolution in 1798, which in its wake brought Napoleon's military campaigns over its neighbors.

19th century

The innovations of the French came with a troop invasion and against it a campaign by the Austrians, which meant "billeting, requisitions , contributions , thefts, abuse" for the population on both sides of the Rhine , resulting in hunger and poverty. Napoleon, the “heir to the revolution [...] became the decisive force that determined the fate of the peoples and states of Europe [...]; he did away with the countless dwarf states on the Upper Rhine ”and abolished the“ secular property of the dioceses, monasteries and monasteries ”. There was no longer any high or low court rulership and Kadelburg's membership in the Zurzach parish was finally ended with the construction of the two churches in the village. (EME, 66 ff.).

Evangelical mountain church on the "Bürglen"

For the development from secularization to the transfer of power to the Grand Duchy of Baden and the replacement of the tithe, see: The 19th century in the Küssenberg area .

When the Protestant church was built in 1832, two thirds of the community were still Protestant. […] In 1911 there were already 254 Evangelical and 284 Catholic residents. And in 1946 there were 304 Evangelicals and 546 Catholics in the community. (EME, 50).

Catholic Church of St. Martin

Catholic Church of St. Martin

“In 1809 the Catholic parish of Kadelburg was established. The Catholic parish church was built in 1820 and has Saint Martin as its patron. (11.11.). "(Mayer, 203).

The Catholic "Church was inaugurated by Auxiliary Bishop Vicari from Freiburg (the diocese of Constance had meanwhile been dissolved)." (EME, 80).

Acquisitions from the Waldshut Capuchin Monastery

Crucifixion group with the cross of the Capuchin Fathers , today in St. Martin in Küssaberg-Kadelburg

The furnishings of the Kadelburg church owe many values ​​to the dissolution of the Capuchin monastery in Waldshut on November 7th, 1821. On December 19th, 1821, the church equipment was auctioned publicly in Waldshut.

The 148-pound bell of the Waldhut Capuchin Monastery, probably made in the foundry of the Waldshut family Grieshaber in 1731, with the images of the crucified Savior and the Conception of Mary above the inscription S. Antonius Pater Capucinorum. was acquired at the auction of December 19, 1821 by the community of Kadelburg for the newly built parish church of St. Martin. It was lost in a metal confiscation under the fourth ordinance of March 4, 1940 for the registration of non-ferrous metals . It is not listed among the region's bells returned from Hamburg after the war.

Equipment of the lay church

In 1821, the community of Kadelburg not only acquired the bells for their new church, but also important parts of the sculpture program of the Waldshut Capuchin monastery and its baptismal font. The cross of the Capuchin Fathers is now a crucifixion group with renewed beams above the altar of the Church of St. Martin in Kadelburg, flanked by the statues of Mother Mary and the disciple John. The original location above the choir lattice between the lay church and the psallion choir and the former arrangement result from sheet 13 of the Architectura Capucinorum in the Codex Don. 879. Marin Gerbert states that the Capuchin fathers carried the cross with them on solemn occasions.

The simple octagonal baptismal font made of sandstone with a renewed base in St. Martin is closed by an octagonal cover with the IHS inlaid. The original lid is a typical work by the Waldshut Feinlein workshops from the 1680s. Only the key plate dates from the 1820s.

St. Martin in Kadelburg has been rebuilt several times over the last few decades and has been made simpler with the loss of substance.

20th century

Customs House

“In the World War 1914-18 Kadelburg suffered the heavy loss of 14 dead and 1939-45 of 37 dead and 12 missing.” (HWM, 56).

On January 1, 1973, Kadelburg was incorporated into the new municipality of Küssaberg.

Myths and legends

Crossing all scientific considerations of local research - “Homburg means 'high castle'. There was no medieval castle there any more than in Kadelburg. "(EME, 152), an old legend opposes:

Treasure and spook in Homburg Castle

“Not far from the confluence of the Wutach and Schlücht rivers, there used to be Homburg Castle, of which only a few walls are now left. In the castle lived a knight who stole a large treasure from churches and monasteries and hid it in the underground passage that led from the castle to the Küssaberg castle. It is still there today in the caves of the devil's kitchen, and every hundred years during Lent the knight's daughter appears to find someone who can raise the treasure and thereby redeem her and her father. She is a beautiful young lady with golden-yellow hair, shaped like a person according to some, like a fish according to others. She often bathes in the Wutach or sunbathes, washes and combs her hair on its banks. She often came to a fisherman who used to fish in the river at night and said to him: 'Go with me to the treasure, touch the box in which the money is, then the bad guy must give way and you get all the wealth and redeem me and my father together. ' After refusing several times, he finally followed her; but no sooner was he down when fear drove him back again. With the Fraulein's approval, the next time he took a Capuchin from Waldshut down with him. There was nothing of particular value in the first cave they came into. In the second they found valuable church utensils and a golden skittles game. In the third was the main treasure: a large iron chest full of gold. But on it lay a black poodle with glowing eyes and spat fire. At this sight the fisherman fainted, whereupon the Capuchin took him outside; but the young lady complained that she and her father would have to remain unsaved for another hundred years. Men in armor on horseback and beautifully dressed knights' wives were seen in the castle walls at night ”(Mayer, 230 f.).

• Scientifically it can be noted that the robbing of monasteries and churches by knights could most likely be dated to the interregnum - the anarchic, imperial time - that is, from 1250; a time in which the minstrel also had its prime: with knight daughters and beautifully dressed knight wives; an age earlier 'emancipation', at least of the higher-ranking women. The Capuchins from Waldshut are remarkable - no doubt several hundred years later: the Waldshut Capuchin Monastery was founded in 1654. Since the "hundred years" must not be taken too precisely, the knight's daughter should be able to appear again from 2020.

The farmer from Rifhausen

Riffhausen was on the right from the summit

"The Rifhauser Bauer attended mass daily in the Canons of Verena Church in neighboring Zurzach. Because he was a pious man, God had given him the grace to cross the Rhine with dry feet. One day he went back down the mountain. As he was tired, he pulled a vine stake out of an unfamiliar property and, leaning on it, strode towards the river, but sank down. Then he put the stake in its old place and came back to Zurzach as before. In gratitude for this he donated the silver Vesper bell to the Verena Church there. ”(Mayer, 231).

Scientifically noted: Although the farmer could have taken the Kadelburg ferry, he could not have walked straight from the mountain to Zurzach, but could have made a detour; In addition, the daily ferry costs would have been a factor.

• “Riffhausen was an independent district between Kadelburg and the valley communities (= Dangstetten, Rheinheim, Reckingen), surrounded by the Sulzer cemetery. It belonged to the tenth district of the Verenastift. [...] Riffhausen is now a desert = an abandoned settlement. The name goes back to the Celto-Roman times. Rovina becomes Rüffi and means mountain slide. “: Rüffenhausen, Rievenhausen, Riffenhusen (15th century). The author notes that "Ripahusen (1282") was first mentioned. (EME, 152 f.).

Remarks

1. ↑ Newer research on the Upper Rhine pleads for this center formation compared to Roman focal points from the 3rd century, then a century and a half, for a long time a peaceful border situation. See: G. Fingerlin: Brisigavi in ​​the run-up to Breisach. Archaeological traces of the migration period between the Rhine and the Black Forest. In: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden, Heft 34, Freiburg 1985.
2. ↑ This refers to the direct connection below the mountain, which is no longer permitted as a road today.
3. ↑ The power relations are not clearly resolved in EME, 30 f. and H. Matt-Willmatt, Chronik 56. At first the regional nobility dominated, but their representatives eventually manage increasingly on behalf of the diocese and monastery.
4. ↑ Since all of the Klettgau villages came under the protection of the Swiss Confederation, the Landgrave used an imperial troop contingent to devastate the landscape: Since there was still a dispute over the farmers' ransom, the troop leader Willibald Pirckheimer noted , "that those so neat and lovely landscape was devastated in a short time. ”(E. Müller-Ettikon: Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981, p. 30.).
5. ↑ H. Mayer, Amtsbuch Waldshut, 1926, 203, wrote: "The church has had a new bell since 1922, which was cast by the Bachert brothers in Karlsruhe." It is a Martinus bell weighing about 10 hundred pounds, an approx. 4 hundredweight Marien bell and an approx. 2 ½ hundredweight Verena bell, each with 4-line sayings.

literature

• HW Mayer (Ed.): Home book for the district Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926.
• Hans Matt-Willmatt : The chronicle of the district Waldshut. The house and home book of the district of Waldshut. Ed .: District Waldshut, foreword by District Administrator Wilfried Schäfer, Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957.
• Egon Gersbach : Prehistory of the High Rhine (finds and sites in the districts of Säckingen and Waldshut) , Ed .: State Office for Prehistory and Early History Freiburg and State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Dept. Ur- u. Early history Karlsruhe, Badische Fund reports, special issue 11 (catalog volume), 1969.
• Emil Müller-Ettikon : About the village of Kadelburg and its past. (2nd edition), Ed .: Gemeinde Kadelburg, H. Zimmermann Verlag, Waldshut 1964. (1st edition 1956).
• Emil Müller-Ettikon in: The Klettgau. Ed .: Mayor Franz Schmidt on behalf of the city of Tiengen (Upper Rhine), 1971.
• Emil Müller-Ettikon: A brief overview of the history of Küssaberg. Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981.
• Waldemar Lutz and Hansjörg Noe (eds.): Identifier WT Heimatkunde for the district of Waldshut , Reinhard Caspers (Mithrsg.), 1989, ISBN 3-12-258330-5 .
• Silvia Carmen Baumgartner: The excluded years - The village of Kadelburg 1933. A chronicle , Verlag Books on demand, Norderstedt 2019, ISBN 978-3-7494-6601-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Hans Matt-Willmatt , Ed .: District Waldshut: The Chronicle of the District Waldshut. Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957, p. 56.
2. ↑ Hans Matt-Willmatt, Chronicle of the Waldshut District , 1957, p. 56.
3. ^ Paul Stoll: Küssaberg today in: Emil Müller-Ettikon : Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , Ed .: Municipality Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981, p. 7 ff.
4. ↑ Tina Prause: Küssaberg invests heavily , Alb-Bote, December 5, 2019.
5. ↑ Tina Prause: How Kadelburg experienced the Third Reich , Alb-Bote, December 17, 2019.
6. ^ Emil Müller-Ettikon: Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , H. Zimmermann Verlag, Waldshut 1981, p. 152.
7. ↑ Tina Prause: Speed ​​limit is intended to relieve local residents , Alb-Bote, December 9, 2019.
8. ↑ Tina Prause: A Weidling for Kadelburg , Alb-Bote, December 21, 2019.
9. ↑ Egon Gersbach : '' Urgeschichte des Hochrheins '', Badische Fundberichte, special issue 11 (catalog volume), State Office for Prehistory and Early History Freiburg, 1969, pp. 148 and 191.
10. ↑ Tina Prause: Construction project is controversial , Alb-Bote, January 30, 2020. [1] . Articles online. Accessed February 4, 2020.
11. ↑ E. Müller-Ettikon: Kadelburg , Ed .: Gemeinde Kadelburg, Verlag Zimmermann Waldshut, 2nd edition, 1964, p. 16. In the following, quotations from the frequently used Kadelburg literature are referred to as 'EME'.
12. ^ E. Müller-Ettikon: What the names reveal about the development of settlements in: Der Klettgau , Ed .: Mayor Franz Schmidt, on behalf of the city of Tiengen / Hochrhein, 1971, p. 60. and in Kadelburg , p. 15.
13. ↑ Egon Gersbach: '' Urgeschichte des Hochrheins '', 1969, p. 208 f., Refers to H. Maurer, 1965, who assumes a royal estate here .
14. ↑ Gersbach cites: “Compare Das Großherzogtum Baden , (1865), 863, column Kadelburg. [Catalog volume]. Also H. Maurer : The land between the Black Forest and the outskirts , p. 61 ff, knows no Rheinauer owned in Kadelburg ".
15. ↑ HW Mayer (Ed.): Heimatbuch für den Amtsgebiet Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926, pp. 203 f.
16. ^ Hans Matt-Willmatt: Die Chronik des Kreises Waldshut , Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957, p. 56.
17. ↑ Brigitte Matt-Willmatt in: Lauchringen - Chronik einer Gemeinde , Ed .: Gemeinde Lauchringen, Lauchringen 1985, p. 92.
18. ↑ Argovia. Volume 4, 1864, p. 53, note.
19. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 505 .

Coordinates: 47 ° 37 '  N , 8 ° 18'  E