Canton of Landau

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The canton of Landau ( French : Canton de Landau ) was one of originally 30 administrative units into which the Lower Rhine (French: Département du Bas-Rhin ) was initially divided in the 1790s. The canton of Landau was part of the French Republic from 1793 to 1804 and part of the Napoleonic Empire until 1815 . The main town ( chef-lieu ) and eponymous was today's city of Landau in the Palatinate .

The canton was also a district court of justice and belonged to the arrondissement Weissenburg (French: Arrondissement de Wissembourg ).

After the Palatinate became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816 , the cantons were initially retained and were part of the administrative structure until 1852. The territory of the Bavarian canton of Landau was not identical to that of the French canton.

The administrative area of ​​the canton Landau was almost entirely in the area of ​​the city of Landau in the Palatinate and in what is now the southern Weinstrasse district in Rhineland-Palatinate .

Communities

The listing of the municipalities and the number of inhabitants (column "EW 1814") are taken from a French-language publication published in 1816, which is based on official statistics from 1814 (place names in brackets in the spelling at that time); the previous affiliation to the different territories is compiled from different documents.

local community Territory before 1793 EW 1814 Land Commissariat 1818 today LK
Altdorf Count of Degenfeld 468 Landau , Edenkoben Altdorf SOUTH
Arzheim ( Artzheim ) Madenburg reign 923 Landau , Landau Landau in the Palatinate LD
Dammheim ( Damheim ) Kingdom of France 366 Landau , Landau Landau in the Palatinate LD
Eschbach Madenburg reign 640 Landau , Landau Eschbach SOUTH
Essingen Baron von Dalberg 1,142 Landau , Landau Essingen SOUTH
Freisbach ( Freischbach ) Count of Degenfeld 439 Germersheim , Germersheim Freisbach GER
Gommersheim Count of Degenfeld 693 Landau , Edenkoben Gommersheim SOUTH
Herxheim Speyer Monastery , Lauterburg 2,675 Landau , Landau Herxheim near Landau / Pfalz SOUTH
Herxheimweyher  ( Herxheimweyer ) Speyer Monastery , Lauterburg 377 Landau , Landau Herxheimweyher SOUTH
Ingenheim Baron of Gemmingen 1.104 Bergzabern , Bergzabern Cheap home-Ingenheim SOUTH
Landau Kingdom of France 4,980 Landau , Landau Landau in the Palatinate LD
Niederhochstadt Order of St. John , Heimbach 855 Landau , Landau Hochstadt (Palatinate) SOUTH
Nussdorf ( Nussdorf ) Kingdom of France 1,210 Landau , Landau Landau in the Palatinate LD
Upper High City Electoral Palatinate , Germersheim 450 Landau , Landau Hochstadt (Palatinate) SOUTH
Queichheim Kingdom of France 575 Landau , Landau Landau in the Palatinate LD
Ranschbach ( Ransbach ) Madenburg reign 336 Landau , Landau Ranschbach SOUTH
Waldhambach Madenburg reign 373 Bergzabern , Annweiler Waldhambach SOUTH
Waldrohrbach Madenburg reign 235 Bergzabern , Annweiler Waldrohrbach SOUTH

According to a yearbook from 1799, Hayna and Rülzheim also belonged to the canton of Landau at the time .

history

The city of Landau with its suburbs Dammheim , Nussdorf and Queichheim had belonged to France since 1680 . The localities of Arzheim , Eschbach , Herxheim , Herxheimweyher , Ranschbach , Waldhambach and Waldrohrbach , which belong to the Speyer Oberamt Lauterburg and the rule Madenburg , were already under French sovereignty before the French Revolution (1789) and were placed under the full sovereignty of the French state before 1792 . The remaining localities, which later belonged to the canton of Landau , were annexed to the French Republic by a decree of the National Convention of March 1793 .

The Lower Rhine department (French: Département du Bas-Rhin ) was formed in 1790 as part of the new French administrative structures and was initially divided into 30 and later into 41 cantons. The area north of the Lauter (called "new district of Landau") that was added up to 1793 was assigned to the Arrondissement Weissenburg (French: Arrondissement de Wissembourg ) and divided into the cantons of Bergzabern , Billigheim , Dahn , Kandel and Landau. In 1799, 20 municipalities with a total of 16,461 inhabitants belonged to the canton.

In the Paris Peace of May 30, 1814, the borders between the departments of the Moselle and the Lower Rhine (both remained on the French side) and the Donnersberg (now German side) were redefined. The canton of Landau initially remained with the department of the Lower Rhine and France.

The new border led to some changes regarding the cantonal allocation:

The following were spun off from the canton of Landau and assigned to the area of ​​the Donnersberg department:

The municipalities separated from the Donnersberg department came to the canton of Landau:

After Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo (June 1815) and the resulting Peace of Paris on November 20, 1815, the French border was moved south to the course of the Lauter . The newly created “District on the Lauter” was temporarily administered by an Austrian “General Commissary”.

Bavarian canton Landau

On April 14, 1816, a state treaty was signed between Austria and Bavaria in which an exchange of different national territories was agreed. The Austrian areas on the left bank of the Rhine were ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria on May 1, 1816 .

The now Bavarian canton of Landau belonged to the Landau district directorate in the newly created Rhine district. After the Rhine district was subdivided into land commissariats (1818), the canton of Landau belonged to the Landau commissariat .

Until 1817 the Bavarian canton Landau received:

After 1817, a total of 27 communities belonged to the Bavarian canton of Landau (place names in the spelling at that time):

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Philippe Jacques Fargès-Méricourt: Annuaire historique et statistique du Département du Bas-Rhin: pour l'année ... 1814/16 , Levrault, Strasbourg 1816 pp. 70, 309 ( Google Books )
  2. ↑ a b Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts , Third Volume, Sauerländer, Frankfurt 1832, pp. 292, 342, 360, 369, 370, 392 ( Google Books )
  3. ↑ a b Michael Frey : Attempt at a geographical-historical-statistical description of the king. bayer. Rheinkreises , Fourth Part, Neidhard, Speyer 1837, Appendix p. 1 ( Google Books )
  4. ^ Adalbert Heib: Official Directory and Statistics of the Royal Bavarian Government District of the Palatinate , Kranzbühler, Speyer 1863, pp. 60, 61, 64 ( Google Books )
  5. ^ Sébastien Bottin: Annuaire politique et économique du département du Bas-Rhin , Levrault, Strasbourg 1799, p. 182 ( Google Books )
  6. ↑ Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff : The German Empire before the French Revolution and after the Peace of Luneville , First Part, Perthes, Gotha 1801 pp. 80, 86, 102 ( Google Books )
  7. ↑ Franz Xaver Remling : The Rhine Palatinate in the Revolutionary Period from 1792 to 1798 , first volume, Bregenzer, Speyer 1865, p. 161 ( Google Books )
  8. ^ Johann Friedrich Aufschlager: The Alsace. New historical-topographical description of the two Rhine departments , Part Two , Strasbourg 1825, p. 176 ff ( Google Books )
  9. ↑ a b Jacques Peuchet: Dictionnaire universel de la géographie, commerçante ... , Volume 5, Blanchon, Paris 1799, p. 449 ff ( Google Books )
  10. ↑ Johannes von Birnbaum : History of the city of Landau and the villages ... , Ritter, Zweybrücken 1826, p. 156 ( Google Books )
  11. ↑ a b Collection of the ordinances published under the Governorate of the Middle Rhine in Kreuznach , Oswald, Speyer 1819, p. 192 ( Google Books )
  12. ↑ Munich Treaty of April 14, 1816 in GM Kletke: The State Treaties of the Kingdom of Bavaria ... from 1806 up to and including 1858. Pustet, Regensburg 1860, p. 310 ( Google Books )
  13. ↑ W. Tielcke: Schütz's general geography , Volume 16, Doll, Vienna 1831, p 134 et seq (. Google Books )
  14. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Bavarian government of the Rhine district of November 26, 1817: Announcement of November 17, 1817, cantonal division of the Rhine district ( bavarica.digitale-sammlungen.de )
  15. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Hertha: Journal for Geography, Ethnology and Political Studies , Volume 2, Stuttgart: Cotta, 1825, p. 657 ( Google Books )
  16. ↑ Michael Frey : Attempt at a geographical-historical-statistical description of the royal. bayer. Rheinkreises , first part, Neidhard, Speyer 1836, pp. 74 ff, 123 ff ( Google Books )