Duchy of Salzburg

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Electorate of Salzburg (1803–1806)
Austrian Salzach district (1806–1810) Duchy of Salzburg (1849 / 50–1918)
Flag of Salzburg, Vienna, Vorarlberg.svg
Salzburg coat of arms
coat of arms
Official language German
Capital Salzburg from 1849
Form of government Electorate / Duchy ( Austrian Empire before 1867, Austria-Hungary until 1918)
Head of state 1803 to 1806 elector , no head of state since 1806, as part of Bavaria for a short time and then part of the monarchy.
Head of government State President / Governor (from 1850)
currency 1  Thaler ( Convention Thaler ) = 2 (Austrian) Gulden = 100  Kreutzer = 400  Pfennig = 800  Heller ;
from 1857 ( Vienna Coin Agreement ): 1 thaler ( Vereinstaler ) = 1½ gulden = 150  Neukreuzer ;
from 1892: 1  crown = 100  hellers
founding 1803 Electorate, secularization of the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg , 1806 Austrian Salzachkreis, 1810 Bavarian. Salzachkreis, 1816 Austrian Salzachkreis, 1849 own Kronland Salzburg)
resolution 1918
Coat of arms: Meyers, 1888

The Duchy of Salzburg (1849–1918) emerged from the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg and the Electorate of Salzburg . From 1805 to 1809 the area formed the Salzachkreis of the Austrian Empire, from 1810 to the end of 1815 the Kingdom of Bavaria , from 1816 again the Salzachkreis of the Austrian state of Austria ob der Enns until it was raised to an independent Crown Land of Salzburg in 1849 . The federal state of Salzburg was formed from it in 1918 . Salzburg was not really called duchy in the 19th century. Rather, the title of "Duke of Salzburg" was one of countless titles that were intended to glorify the emperor. Politically, this title had no direct impact on the administration of the area that is now called the State of Salzburg.

history

The prince-archbishopric was converted into a secular electorate as the territory of the Holy Roman Empire by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss and together with the formerly ecclesiastical and now secularized territories of the prince-provost of Berchtesgaden , the bishopric of Eichstätt and part of the bishopric of Passau to Ferdinand III. handed over by Habsburg-Tuscany . Ferdinand was compensated for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , which he ceded to Ludwig of Parma in 1802 under pressure from the victorious Napoleon Bonaparte with the Treaty of Paris . After the abdication of Archbishop Count Hieronymus Colloredo on February 11, 1803, Ferdinand was elected on February 25, 1803.

Coat of arms Kur Salzburg; Main sign: 1 + 2: Archdiocese of Salzburg; 3: Diocese of Eichstätt; 4: Diocese of Passau; 5: Propstei Berchtesgaden; Middle shield: 1: Old Hungary; 2: New Hungary; 3: Kingdom of Bohemia; 4: Fürstete Grafschaft Tirol; 5: Grand Duchy of Toscana; 6: Duchy of Lorraine; 7: Habsburg; Heart shield: Austria

With the Peace of Pressburg , Salzburg went to the Austrian Empire at the end of 1805 , but without Eichstätt and Passau, both of which were annexed to the Kingdom of Bavaria after the elector had reigned for three years . With the simultaneous end of the Holy Roman Empire, the electoral dignity, which was an electoral office for the Roman-German royal dignity , became obsolete , and Salzburg became an Austrian province in 1806. The formal title of ducal dignity went to the Emperor of Austria (at the time of Ferdinand's brother Franz II / I ) and was also included in his title . Ferdinand, on the other hand, was compensated with the Grand Duchy of Würzburg .

After the Treaty of Schönbrunn , the Duchy of Salzburg became part of Napoleonic France in 1809 and, with the reorganization of Europe in 1810, part of the Kingdom of Bavaria, where it formed the Salzachkreis with Kitzbühel , Traunstein and Ried im Innkreis .

After the Peace of Paris in 1814 , large parts of it were returned to Austria through the Treaty of Munich in 1816 . The Rupertiwinkel on the left bank of the Salzach as well as Berchtesgaden remained with Bavaria. Apart from that, Salzburg became the fifth district to be attached to the state of Austria ob der Enns . The area around the Zillertal and the Defreggental went to Tyrol. The city of Friesach was ceded to Carinthia as early as 1803. In 1824 the Archdiocese of Salzburg was established as a purely spiritual organizational unit. Archbishop Andreas Rohracher did not renounce the title of Prince Archbishop until 1951, after Pope Pius XII had used this title and the secular symbols of dignity associated with it (such as the prince's hat and coat ) . had been abolished.

In 1849 the Salzach district of Upper Austria (Austria ob der Enns) became an independent Austrian crown land , which was administered from Linz until 1854. Like the other Austrian crown lands, it existed until the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy at the end of the First World War and had undergone three structural changes during this period.

Lords of Salzburg

Elector of Salzburg:

Bearer of the title "Duke of Salzburg":

  • 1805–1809: Franz , Emperor of Austria (I.) etc.
  • (1809–1810: French military administration )
  • (1810–1816: Maximilian Joseph , King in Bavaria (I.); Governor General of the Salzach District: Crown Prince Ludwig )
  • 1816–1835: Franz, Emperor of Austria, (again, today's Salzburg as the "Salzachkreis" was part of Austria above the Enns)
  • 1835–1848: Ferdinand , Emperor of Austria (I.) etc. (today's Salzburg as the "Salzachkreis" was part of Austria above the Enns)
  • 1848–1916: Franz Joseph , Emperor of Austria (I.), Apostolic King of Hungary (I.) etc.
  • 1916–1918: Karl , Emperor of Austria (I.), King of Hungary (IV.) Etc.

Upper civil service:

literature

  • Gerhard Ammerer , Alfred Stefan Weiss (ed.): The secularization of Salzburg in 1803. Requirements - events - consequences . Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-631-51918-4 .
  • Fritz Koller, Hermann Rumschöttel: Bavaria and Salzburg in the 19th and 20th centuries, from the Salzach district to the EUregio . Samson Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-921635-98-5 .
as well as literature from the article History of the State of Salzburg
Contemporary reference works

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ today's coat of arms . This is derived from the Habsburg-Austrian land with the ducal hat as the crown of rank
  2. ^ Electorate of Salzburg. In: SalzburgWiki. SN , March 12, 2009, accessed June 15, 2009 .
  3. ^ Franz Gall : Austrian heraldry. Handbook of coat of arms science. 2nd edition Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1992, p. 219, ISBN 3-205-05352-4 .