Leopold Schrötter from Kristelli

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Leopold Schrötter from Kristelli
Coat of arms of the Schrötter von Kristelli family
The professors at the Medical University of Vienna, chalk drawing by Olga Prager, Vienna 1908–1910. In the Dean's Office of the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna. Edmund von Neusser , Siegmund Exner-Ewarten , Isidor Schnabel , Ferdinand Hochstetter , Alfons Edler von Rosthorn , Anton Weichselbaum , Leopold Schrötter von Kristelli, Heinrich Obersteiner , Julius Wagner-Jauregg , Viktor von Ebner-Rofenstein , Carl Toldt , Gustav Riehl , Ottokar von Chiari , Anton von Frisch , Ernst Fuchs , Anton Freiherr von Eiselberg , Hans Horst Meyer , Ernst Ludwig , Rudolf Chrobak , Theodor Escherich , Alexander Kolisko , Julius von Hochenegg , Arthur Schattenfroh , Carl von Noorden , Emil Zuckerkandl , Richard Paltauf , Gustav Gärtner , Leopold Oser , Josef Moeller , Alois Monti , Julius Mauthner , Viktor Urbantschitsch , August Leopold von Reuss , Adolf von Strümpell , Ernest Finger , Adolf Lorenz , Friedrich Schauta
Honorary grave for Leopold Schrötter by Kristelli in the Vienna Central Cemetery

Leopold Anton Dismas Schrötter von Kristelli (born February 5, 1837 in Graz , † April 22, 1908 in Vienna ) was an Austrian doctor and social medicine specialist. He founded the world's first laryngological clinic and the Alland pulmonary hospital.

Life

The son of the important Austrian chemist Anton Schrötter of Kristelli attended the 1846-1848 Schottengymnasium , 1848/49 the Piaristengymnasium in Vienna, from 1849 to 1852, the Academic High School of Graz and in 1852 the Academic School of Vienna , where in 1855 he passed the matriculation examination. He then studied medicine at the University of Vienna . After completing his studies in 1861, he received his doctorate. med. et chir. As a surgeon from Franz Schuh, he learned the most modern techniques of surgery at the time . He was Josef von Škoda's assistant from 1863 to 1869 and completed his habilitation in 1867 on diseases of the chest organs and the larynx as a private lecturer at the University of Vienna.

After Ludwig Türck 's death , he established the first chair for laryngology in his faculty . In 1871 he set up the world's first laryngological clinic in the Vienna General Hospital . In 1875 Schrötter became an associate professor for laryngology. From 1875 to 1881 he headed the internal medicine department of the Rudolf Hospital. In 1881 he became a primary physician at the General Hospital, and in 1885 he received the license to teach the entire field of internal medicine.

As a recognized specialist, Schrötter was appointed to the Consilium of Sanremo in 1888 at the bedside of the German heir to the throne Friedrich, who later became Emperor Friedrich III. called. Contrary to the opinion of the attending physician, the British Morell Mackenzie , he correctly diagnosed throat cancer . In 1890 Schrötter was appointed full professor and in 1896 court counselor . He died the day after his ceremonial address at the 1st International Laryngology Congress, of which he was Honorary President.

Schrötter was married to Elisabeth Caroline born in 1869. Wagner (1847–1918), the daughter of an Osnabrück cloth merchant. His two sons, Hermann von Schrötter and Erich von Schrötter (1874–1939) were also doctors. Hermann von Schrötter was a co-founder of aviation medicine . Leopold Schrötter also had daughters Else and Frieda.

plant

Alland Lung Hospital, Schrötter Pavilion

Schrötter's research focus was initially in the field of laryngology. He later expanded it to include heart and vascular diseases. A thrombosis of the deep arm , axillary or collarbone vein , the Paget-von-Schrötter syndrome , is named after the English surgeon Sir James Paget and after Leopold von Schrötter. He introduced X-ray diagnostics at an early stage in his clinic. In addition to Crown Prince Friedrich, he also treated Anton Bruckner from 1891 .

As early as 1883, in his book The Sick Hospital , he had recommended the climatological treatment of tuberculosis in closed institutions. It is mainly thanks to Schrötter's commitment that the construction of the Alland pulmonary hospital in the Vienna Woods could begin in 1896 . After the opening in 1898, less well-off patients could also be treated here. He also showed social commitment when founding the association Ferienhort for needy and worthy high school students with the aim of enabling students from humble backgrounds to spend a holiday in the country.

Meyer's Konversationslexikon from 1888 writes:

Schrötter's importance lies in his partly groundbreaking work in the field of throat and chest diseases, in his extremely happy and skillful operations in the larynx and in his fine and reliable diagnoses. He also has a well-founded reputation as a clinical teacher.

Awards, honors

Monument in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna

Schrötter received prestigious awards from several states, in 1888 the Prussian Red Eagle Order II. Class, 1899 the Commander's Cross of the Austrian Order of Franz Joseph , in 1904 the Commander's Cross of the Danish Dannebrog Order, 1st Class and in 1907 the Commander's Cross of the Swedish North Star Order, 1st Class . Since 1888 he was a member of the Imperial German Leopoldino-Carolinian Academy of Natural Scientists , the Leopoldina.

The City of Vienna granted him an honorary grave in the central cemetery (group 14 A, number 19), on which a relief portrait modeled by Caspar von Zumbusch was unveiled on June 7, 1909 . The same relief portrait adorns the monument unveiled in 1937 on Leopold von Schrötter's 100th birthday in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna.

Fonts (selection)

literature

Web links

Commons : Leopold Schrötter von Kristelli  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The faculty of the medical faculty of the University of Vienna, Vienna 1908-1910 . Photo credits: Collections of the Medical University of Vienna - Josephinum, picture archive; Associated personal identification .
  2. ↑ B. Mader: Leopold Schrötter, Ritter von Kristelli (1837-1908) . In: Annual report of the Academic Gymnasium Graz 2012/2013 . Ed .: Akademisches Gymnasium Graz. Self-published by the Akademisches Gymnasium Graz, Graz 2013, p. 228f.
  3. ^ Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888, Volume 14, p. 638 , accessed on May 5, 2009
  4. ^ Member entry of Leopold Ritter Schrötter von Kristelli at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on March 30, 2016.
  5. ↑ Little Chronicle. June 7, 1909. (…) Unveiling of the grave monument. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 129/1909, June 8, 1909, p. 3, center right. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz
personal data
SURNAME Schrötter from Kristelli, Leopold
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schrötter, Leopold von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian medic
DATE OF BIRTH February 5, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Graz
DATE OF DEATH April 22, 1908
Place of death Vienna