List of vascular plants in Greenland

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arctic fireweed ( Chamerion latifolium ), national flower of Greenland, Upernavik

The flora of Greenland consists of 606 taxa 575 different species of vascular plants . Of these, 13 are endemic and 87 are introduced by humans and mostly naturalized.

Apiaceae

Angelica archangelica ssp. archangelica - indigenous
Carum carvi - introduced
Ligusticum scoticum ssp. scoticum - native

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium viride - native

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium - introduced
Antennaria affinis - native, endemic
Antennaria angustata - native
Antennaria boecherana - native, endemic
Antennaria canescens - native
Antennaria compacta - native
Antennaria friesiana - native
Antennaria glabrata - native
Antennaria hansii - native, endemic
Antennaria intermedia - native, endemic
Antennaria porsildii - native
Antennaria sornborgeri - native
Antennaria subcanescens - native
Arnica angustifolia ssp. angustifolia - native
Artemisia borealis ssp. borealis - native
Artemisia vulgaris - introduced
Chamomilla recutita - introduced
Chamomilla suaveolens - introduced
Cirsium arvense - introduced
Cirsium helenioides - native, extinct
Crepis tectorum ssp. tectorum - introduced
Erigeron borealis - native
Erigeron compositus - native
Erigeron humilis - native
Erigeron uniflorus ssp. eriocephalus - native
Erigeron uniflorus ssp. uniflorus - native
Filaginella uliginosa - introduced
Hieracium sect. Alpina - local
Hieracium sect. Prenanthoidea - native
Hieracium sect. Subalpina - indigenous
Hieracium sect. Tridentata - indigenous
Leontodon autumnalis ssp. autumnalis - introduced
Leucanthemum vulgare - introduced
Matricaria maritima ssp. phaeocephala - native
Matricaria perforata - introduced
Omalotheca norvegica - indigenous
Omalotheca supina - indigenous
Senecio vulgaris - introduced
Taraxacum sect. Arctica - indigenous
Taraxacum sect. Borealia - indigenous
Taraxacum sect. Spectabilia - indigenous

Betulaceae

Alnus viridis ssp. crispa - indigenous
Betula glandulosa - native
Betula nana ssp. nana - native
Betula pubescens ssp. minor - indigenous

Boraginaceae

Asperugo procumbens - introduced
Mertensia maritima - indigenous
Myosotis arvensis - introduced

Brassicaceae

Arabidopsis arenicola - native
Arabis alpina - native
Barbarea stricta - introduced
Barbarea vulgaris - introduced
Beringia bursifolia - native
Boechera holboellii - native
Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris - introduced
Braya humilis ssp. arctica - indigenous
Braya intermedia - indigenous
Braya linearis - native
Braya novae-angliae - indigenous
Braya purpurascens - native
Braya thorild-wulffii - native
Cakile edentula ssp. edentula - indigenous
Capsella bursa-pastoris - introduced
Cardamine bellidifolia - native
Cardamine pratensis ssp. polemonioides - native
Cardaminopsis arenosa - introduced
Cochlearia groenlandica - native
Descurainia sophia - introduced
Draba alpina - indigenous
Draba arctica ssp. ostenfeldii - indigenous, endemic
Draba arctica ssp. arctica - indigenous
Draba arctogena - native
Draba aurea - indigenous
Draba cana - indigenous
Draba cinerea - indigenous
Draba corymbosa - indigenous
Draba crassifolia - native
Draba fladnizensis - indigenous
Draba glabella - indigenous
Draba incana - indigenous
Draba micropetala - indigenous
Draba nivalis - native
Draba norvegica - indigenous
Draba oblongata - native
Draba oxycarpa - native
Draba pauciflora - native
Draba sibirica - indigenous
Draba subcapitata - native
Draba wahlenbergii - native
Erysimum pallasii - native
Eutrema edwardsii - native
Lesquerella arctica - native
Raphanus raphanistrum - introduced
Rorippa islandica ssp. islandica - indigenous
Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris - introduced
Rorippa sylvestris - introduced
Sinapis arvensis - introduced
Sisymbrium altissimum - introduced
Subularia aquatica ssp. americana - native
Thlaspi arvense - introduced

Callitrichaceae

Calochortaceae

Streptopus amplexifolius ssp. americanus - native

Campanulaceae

Campanula gieseckiana - indigenous
Campanula uniflora - native

Caryophyllaceae

Arenaria humifusa - native
Arenaria pseudofrigida - native
Cerastium alpinum ssp. lanatum - native
Cerastium alpinum ssp. alpinum - indigenous
Cerastium arcticum - native
Cerastium arvense - native
Cerastium beeringianum - native
Cerastium cerastoides - native
Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare - introduced
Cerastium fontanum ssp. fontanum - native
Cerastium Regelii - native
Honckenya peploides ssp. diffusa - indigenous
Lychnis alpina ssp. americana - native
Minuartia biflora - native
Minuartia groenlandica - indigenous
Minuartia rossii ssp. rossiii - native
Minuartia rubella - indigenous
Minuartia stricta - indigenous
Sagina cespitosa - native
Sagina nivalis - native
Sagina nodosa - native
Sagina procumbens - native
Sagina saginoides - native
Silene acaulis - native
Silene furcata ssp. angustiflora - native
Silene furcata ssp. furcata - indigenous
Silene latifolia ssp. alba - introduced
Silene sorensenis - indigenous
Silene uralensis ssp. uralensis - native
Silene vulgaris - introduced
Spergula arvensis - introduced
Spergularia canadensis - native
Stellaria borealis - native
Stellaria humifusa - native
Stellaria longifolia - native
Stellaria longipes - native
Stellaria media - introduced

Chenopodiaceae

Atriplex longipes ssp. praecox - native
Atriplex patula - introduced
Chenopodium album - introduced

Cornaceae

Cornus canadensis - native
Cornus suecica - native
Cornus × unanaschkensis - native

Crassulaceae

Rhodiola rosea ssp. rosea - native
Sedum acre - native
Sedum annuum - indigenous
Sedum villosum - native

Cupressaceae

Juniperus communis ssp. nana - native

Cyperaceae

Carex acuta - native
Carex aquatilis ssp. aquatilis - native
Carex aquatilis ssp. stans - indigenous
Carex arctogena - native
Carex atrata - native
Carex atrofusca - native
Carex bicolor - native
Carex bigelowii ssp. bigelowii - native
Carex bigelowii ssp. rigida - native
Carex boecheriana - native
Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens - indigenous
Carex buxbaumii - native
Carex capillaris ssp. fuscidula - native
Carex capillaris ssp. chlorostachys - native
Carex capitata - native
Carex chordorrhiza - native
Carex curta - local
Carex deflexa - indigenous
Carex demissa - native
Carex disperma - indigenous
Carex fuliginosa ssp. misandra - native
Carex glacialis - native
Carex glareosa - native
Carex gynocrates - native
Carex holostoma - indigenous
Carex krausei ssp. porsildiana - indigenous
Carex lachenalii - native
Carex lidii - native
Carex lyngbyei ssp. lyngbyei - indigenous
Carex mackenziei - indigenous
Carex macloviana - native
Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua - native
Carex marina ssp. marina - indigenous
Carex marina ssp. pseudolagopina - native
Carex maritima - indigenous
Carex microglochin - native
Carex nardina ssp. hepburnii - native
Carex nigra ssp. nigra - indigenous
Carex norvegica - indigenous
Carex panicea - native
Carex parallela ssp. parallela - indigenous
Carex praticola - native
Carex quasivaginata - native
Carex rariflora - native
Carex rostrata - native
Carex rufina - indigenous
Carex rupestris - native
Carex salina - indigenous
Carex miliaris - native
Carex scirpoidea - native
Carex stylosa - native
Carex subspathacea ssp. subspathacea - native
Carex supina ssp. spaniocarpa - indigenous
Carex trisperma - native
Carex umbellata - native
Carex ursina - indigenous
Eleocharis acicularis ssp. acicularis - native
Eleocharis palustris - native
Eleocharis quinqueflora ssp. fernaldii - native
Eleocharis uniglumis - native
Eriophorum angustifolium - native
Eriophorum callitrix - native
Eriophorum Scheuchzeri - native
Eriophorum × sorenseni - native
Eriophorum triste - native
Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum - indigenous
Kobresia myosuroides - native
Kobresia simpliciuscula ssp. subholarctica - native
Trichophorum cespitosum - native

Diapensiaceae

Diapensia lapponica ssp. lapponica - indigenous

Droseraceae

Drosera rotundifolia - native

Dryopteridaceae

Empetraceae

Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum - native

Equisetaceae

Equisetum arvense ssp. arvense - indigenous
Equisetum arvense ssp. boreal - native
Equisetum hyemale - native
Equisetum scirpoides - native
Equisetum sylvaticum - native
Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum - native

Ericaceae

Andromeda polifolia ssp. glaucophylla - native
Andromeda polifolia ssp. polifolia - native
Arctostaphylos alpinus - native
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - native
Cassiope tetragona - indigenous
Harrimanella hypnoides - native
Ledum groenlandicum - native
Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens - native
Loiseleuria procumbens - native
Orthilia obtusata - native
Phyllodoce caerulea - native
Pyrola grandiflora - native
Pyrola minor - indigenous
Rhododendron lapponicum - native
Vaccinium myrtillus - native
Vaccinium oxycoccus ssp. microphyllus - native
Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum - native
Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus - indigenous
× Ledodendron vanhoeffeni - indigenous, endemic

Fabaceae

Astragalus alpinus ssp. arcticus - probably introduced
Lathyrus japonicus - native
Lathyrus pratensis - introduced
Medicago lupulina - introduced
Trifolium hybridum - casual
Trifolium pratense - introduced
Trifolium repens - introduced
Vicia cracca - introduced
Vicia hirsuta - introduced
Vicia sativa ssp. nigra - introduced
Vicia sepium - introduced

Gentianaceae

Gentiana nivalis - native
Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta - native
Gentianella aurea - native
Gentianella detonsa - indigenous
Gentianella tenella - indigenous
Lomatogonium rotatum - native

Geraniaceae

Erodium cicutarium - introduced
Geranium pusillum - introduced
Geranium sylvaticum - native

Haloragaceae

Myriophyllum alterniflorum - native
Myriophyllum sibiricum - ( Haloragaceae ) - native

Hippuridaceae

Hippuris vulgaris - native

Iridaceae

Sisyrinchium montanum - native

Isoetaceae

Isoetes echinospora ssp. muricata - native
Isoetes lacustris - native

Juncaceae

Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. alpestris - indigenous
Juncus arcticus ssp. arcticus - native
Juncus biglumis - native
Juncus bufonius ssp. bufonius - introduced
Juncus bufonius ssp. ranarius - native
Juncus castaneus ssp. castaneus - native
Juncus filiformis - native
Juncus gerardii ssp. gerardii - native
Juncus squarrosus - native
Juncus subtilis - native
Juncus trifidus - native
Juncus triglumis ssp. albescens - indigenous
Juncus triglumis ssp. triglumis - native
Luzula nivalis - native
Luzula arcuata - native
Luzula confusa - indigenous
Luzula groenlandica - indigenous
Luzula multiflora ssp. frigida - native
Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora - native
Luzula parviflora ssp. parviflora - native
Luzula spicata - native
Luzula wahlenbergii - native

Juncaginaceae

Triglochin palustris - native

Lamiaceae

Lamium amplexicaule - introduced
Lamium moluccellifolium - introduced
Lamium purpureum - introduced
Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus - native

Lentibulariaceae

Linnaeaceae

Linnaea borealis ssp. americana - native

Lycopodiaceae

Diphasiastrum alpinum - indigenous
Diphasiastrum complanatum - native
Diphasiastrum sitchense - indigenous
Diphasiastrum zeilleri - indigenous
Huperzia arctica - indigenous
Huperzia selago - indigenous
Lycopodium annotinum ssp. annotinum - native
Lycopodium dubium - native
Lycopodium lagopus - native

Malaceae

Sorbus groenlandica - native

Melanthiaceae

Tofieldia coccinea - native
Tofieldia pusilla - native

Menyanthaceae

Menyanthes trifoliata - native

Myrsinaceae

Anagallis arvensis - introduced
Trientalis europaea - native

Onagraceae

Epilobium anagallidifolium - native
Epilobium angustifolium - native
Epilobium davuricum ssp. arcticum - native
Epilobium hornemannii - native
Epilobium lactiflorum - native
Epilobium latifolium - native
Epilobium palustre - native

Ophioglossaceae

Orchidaceae

Orobanchaceae

Bartsia alpina - indigenous
Euphrasia frigida - native
Melampyrum sylvaticum - native
Pedicularis capitata - native
Pedicularis lanata - native
Pedicularis flammea - native
Pedicularis groenlandica - native
Pedicularis hirsuta - native
Pedicularis labradorica - native
Pedicularis langsdorfii - native
Pedicularis lapponica - native
Pedicularis sudetica ssp. albolabiata - native
Rhinanthus minor ssp. groenlandicus - native
Rhinanthus minor ssp. minor - indigenous

Papaveraceae

Papaver dahlianum - native
Papaver radicatum ssp. labradoricum - native

Parnassiaceae

Parnassia kotzebuei - indigenous

Plantaginaceae

Plantago coronopus - occasionally
Plantago lanceolata - occasionally
Plantago major - introduced
Plantago maritima ssp. borealis - native
Veronica alpina ssp. alpina - indigenous
Veronica alpina ssp. pumila - native
Veronica arvensis - occasionally
Veronica fruticans - native
Veronica officinalis - introduced
Veronica persica - occasionally
Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia - introduced
Veronica wormskjoldii - native

Plumbaginaceae

Armeria maritima ssp. maritima - indigenous
Armeria maritima ssp. sibirica - indigenous

Poaceae

Agrostis canina - native
Agrostis capillaris - introduced
Agrostis gigantea - native
Agrostis mertensii - native
Agrostis scabra - native
Agrostis stolonifera - native
Agrostis vinealis - native
Alopecurus aequalis - native
Alopecurus alpinus ssp. borealis - native
Alopecurus geniculatus - introduced
Alopecurus pratensis - introduced
Anthoxanthum alpinum - native
Arctagrostis latifolia ssp. latifolia - native
Arctophila fulva - native
Avenella flexuosa - indigenous
Bromus hordeaceus - introduced
Bromus tectorum - introduced
Calamagrostis canadensis ssp. langsdorfii - indigenous
Calamagrostis inexpansa - native
Calamagrostis lapponica - native
Calamagrostis neglecta ssp. neglecta - native
Calamagrostis neglecta ssp. groenlandica - indigenous
Calamagrostis purpurascens var. Purpurascens - native
Calamagrostis purpurascens var.laricina - native
Catabrosa aquatica - native
Dactylis glomerata - introduced
Danthonia spicata - native
Deschampsia alpina - native
Deschampsia brevifolia - native
Deschampsia cespitosa - introduced
Deschampsia sukachevii ssp. borealis - native
Dupontia fisheri - indigenous
Elymus alaskanus ssp. hyperarcticus - native
Elymus repens - introduced
Elymus trachycaulus ssp. virescens - indigenous, endemic
Elymus violaceus - native
Festuca baffinensis - native
Festuca brachyphylla - native
Festuca edlundiae - native
Festuca groenlandica - indigenous, endemic
Festuca hyperborea - native
Festuca pratensis - introduced
Festuca rubra spp. fallax - introduced
Festuca rubra ssp. arctica - indigenous
Festuca rubra spp. rubra - indigenous
Festuca saximontana - native
Festuca vivipara ssp. hirsuta - indigenous
Festuca vivipara ssp. vivipara - indigenous
Festuca vivipara ssp. glabra - indigenous
Hierochloë alpina - indigenous
Hierochloe odorata ssp. arctica - indigenous
Leymus arenarius - native
Leymus mollis ssp. mollis - indigenous
Lolium perenne - introduced
Nardus stricta - native
Phippsia algida ssp. algidiformis - native
Phippsia algida ssp. algida - indigenous
Phleum alpinum - native
Phleum pratense ssp. pratense - indigenous
Pleuropogon sabinei - indigenous
Poa abbreviata - indigenous
Poa alpina - indigenous
Poa annua - introduced
Poa arctica ssp. arctica - indigenous
Poa arctica ssp. caespitans - native
Poa flexuosa - indigenous
Poa glauca - indigenous
Poa hartzii - indigenous
Poa nemoralis - native
Poa palustris - introduced
Poa pratensis - native
Poa pratensis ssp. alpigena - indigenous
Poa pratensis ssp. colpodea - native
Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata - native
Poa trivialis - introduced
Puccinellia andersonii - native
Puccinellia angustata - native
Puccinellia bruggemannii - native
Puccinellia capillaris - native
Puccinellia deschampsioides - native
Puccinellia groenlandica - indigenous, endemic
Puccinellia laurentiana - native
Puccinellia maritima - indigenous
Puccinellia nutkaensis - native
Puccinellia phryganodes - indigenous
Puccinellia porsildii - native
Puccinellia pumila - native
Puccinellia rosenkrantzii - indigenous, endemic
Puccinellia tenella ssp. langeana - indigenous
Puccinellia vaginata - native
Puccinellia vahliana - indigenous
Trisetum spicatum - native
Vahlodea atropurpurea - native

Polemoniaceae

Polemonium boreale - native

Polygalaceae

Polygala serpyllifolia - probably introduced

Polygonaceae

Bistorta vivipara - indigenous
Fallopia convolvulus - introduced
Koenigia islandica - native
Oxyria digyna - native
Persicaria lapathifolia - introduced
Persicaria maculosa - introduced
Polygonum aviculare ssp. boreal - introduced
Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella - introduced
Rumex acetosella ssp. tenuifolius - native
Rumex acetosella ssp. arenicola - indigenous
Rumex alpestris ssp. lapponicus - native
Rumex longifolius - introduced
Rumex obtusifolius - introduced

Polypodiaceae

Polypodium sibiricum - native

Portulacaceae

Montia fontana - indigenous

Potamogetonaceae

Potamogeton alpinus ssp. tenuifolius - native
Potamogeton gramineus - native
Potamogeton groenlandicus - native, endemic
Potamogeton natans - native
Potamogeton perfoliatus ssp. perfoliatus - native
Potamogeton praelongus - native
Stuckenia filiformis ssp. alpina - indigenous
Stuckenia filiformis ssp. filiformis - native

Primulaceae

Androsace septentrionalis - native
Primula egaliksensis - indigenous
Primula stricta - native

Ranunculaceae

Anemone richardsonii - native
Batrachium confervoides - indigenous
Coptis trifoliata - native
Ranunculus acris ssp. acris - indigenous
Ranunculus arcticus - native
Ranunculus auricomus - native
Ranunculus cymbalaria - native
Ranunculus glacialis - native
Ranunculus hyperboreus ssp. hyperboreus - native
Ranunculus lapponicus - native
Ranunculus nivalis - native
Ranunculus pygmaeus - native
Ranunculus repens - introduced
Ranunculus reptans - native
Ranunculus sabinei - native
Ranunculus sulphureus - native
Thalictrum alpinum - indigenous

Rosaceae

Acomastylis rossii - native
Alchemilla alpina - indigenous
Alchemilla filicaulis - native
Alchemilla glomerulans - native
Alchemilla vestita - indigenous
Alchemilla wichurae - native
Argentina anserina - indigenous
Argentina egedii ssp. egedii - indigenous
Comarum palustre - native
Dryas integrifolia - indigenous
Dryas octopetala ssp. punctata - native
Geum rivale - indigenous
Potentilla chamissonis - native
Potentilla crantzii - indigenous
Potentilla hookeriana - native
Potentilla hyparctica ssp. hyparctica - native
Potentilla insularis - native
Potentilla nivea ssp. nivea - indigenous
Potentilla nivea ssp. subquinata - native
Potentilla norvegica ssp. norvegica - introduced
Potentilla pulchella ssp. pulchella - indigenous
Potentilla ranunculus - native
Potentilla rubella - native, endemic
Potentilla rubricaulis - native
Potentilla stipularis - native
Potentilla vahliana - native
Rubus chamaemorus - native
Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus - native
Rubus saxatilis - native
Sibbaldia procumbens - native
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata - native

Rubiaceae

Galium album - introduced
Galium aparine - introduced
Galium boreale - native
Galium brandegei - indigenous
Galium triflorum - native
Galium uliginosum - introduced
Galium verum - introduced

Salicaceae

Salix arctica - native
Salix arctophila - native
Salix glauca ssp. callicarpaea - native
Salix glauca ssp. glauca - indigenous
Salix herbacea - native
Salix reticulata - native
Salix uva-ursi - indigenous

Saxifragaceae

Chrysosplenium tetrandrum - native
Saxifraga aizoides - native
Saxifraga cernua - native
Saxifraga cespitosa ssp. cespitosa - indigenous
Saxifraga foliolosa - native
Saxifraga hieracifolia - native
Saxifraga hirculus - native
Saxifraga hyperborea - native
Saxifraga nathorstii - native, endemic
Saxifraga nivalis - native
Saxifraga oppositifolia ssp. oppositifolia - native
Saxifraga paniculata - native
Saxifraga platysepala - native
Saxifraga rivularis - native
Saxifraga rosacea - native
Saxifraga stellaris - native
Saxifraga tenuis - indigenous
Saxifraga tricuspidata - native

Scrophulariaceae

Limosella aquatica - indigenous
Linaria vulgaris - introduced
Verbascum thapsus - occasionally

Selaginellaceae

Selaginella rupestris - native
Selaginella selaginoides - native

Sparganiaceae

Sparganium angustifolium - native
Sparganium hyperboreum - native

Thelypteridaceae

Phegopteris connectilis - native

Urticaceae

Urtica dioica ssp. dioica - introduced
Urtica urens - introduced

Violaceae

Viola adunca - indigenous
Viola arvensis - introduced
Viola canina ssp. montana - indigenous
Viola palustris - native
Viola selkirkii - native

Woodsiaceae

Athyrium distentifolium ssp. americanum - native
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum - indigenous
Cystopteris fragilis - native
Cystopteris montana - native
Gymnocarpium dryopteris - native
Woodsia alpina - native
Woodsia glabella - native
Woodsia ilvensis - native

Zosteraceae

Zostera marina - local

proof

^ Tyge Wittrock Böcher , B. Fredskild, K. Holmen & K. Jakobsen: Grønlands Flora ( Danish ), 3rd. Edition, P. Haase & Søns Forlag, Copenhagen 1978.
^ Reidar Elven, Inger Nordal & Vladimir Y. Razzhivin: PanArctic Flora Checklist . May 30, 2000. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
^ ^A ^b ^c Felix Gartmann: Three species of flowering plants new for Greenland . In: Acta Botanica Islandica . 10, 1990, pp. 23-25.
^ FJA Daniels & CM van Herk: Equisetum hiemale L. found in Greenland . In: Acta Botanica Islandica . 7, 1984, pp. 31-36.
↑ Vilhelm Dalgaard & Bent Fredskild: × Ledodendron vanhoeffeni (syn .: Rhododendron vanhoeffeni ) refound in Greenland . In: Nordic Journal of Botany . 13, No. 3, 1993, pp. 253-255. doi : 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.1993.tb00045.x .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Flora of North America
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d Christian Bay: Taxa of vascular plants new to the flora of Greenland . In: Nordic Journal of Botany . 13, No. 3, 1993, pp. 247-252. doi : 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.1993.tb00044.x .