List of plastics
In addition to the names and abbreviations according to IUPAC , the list of plastics also indicates whether they are thermoplastic , duroplastic or elastomer materials . Furthermore, rough information on chemical resistance and properties and use are given. This information is further deepened in the linked articles.
| Surname | Abbreviation | Art | Type | Chemical resistance | properties | use | Trade names (selection) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile | ASA | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | Luran S ( Styrolution ) | |||
| Acrylonitrile / butadiene / acrylate | A / B / A | Copolymer | Elastomer | ||||
| Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene | SECTION | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | Better than PS 3 | non-aging, high dielectric strength up to 120 kV / mm, otherwise like SAN | up to 95 ° C, fittings, battery boxes, protective helmets | Anjacom, Cycolac ( Sabic ), Novodur, Lustran, Terluran (all Styrolution), Vestodur |
| Acrylonitrile / chlorinated polyethylene / styrene | A / PE-C / S | Copolymer | Elastomer | ||||
| Acrylonitrile / methyl methacrylate | A / MMA | Copolymer | Elastomer | ||||
| Butadiene rubber | BR | Polymer | Elastomer | −80 ° C to 90 ° C | |||
| Butyl rubber | IIR | Copolymer | Elastomer | good electrical insulation properties | Operating temperature −40 ° C to +130 ° C | ||
| Casein plastics, artificial horn | CS, CSF | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | ||||
| Cellulose acetate , cellulose acetate butyrate , | CA, CAB, CAP | Carboxylic acid ester of natural cellulose | Thermoplastic | Gasoline , benzene , trichlorethylene | Varies depending on the carboxylic acid during esterification, hard , tough, tasteless, sound-absorbing | <80 ° C, foils , device housings, tool handles, glasses frames, cigarette filters | Biograde, Cellidor, Cellit, Cellan, Trolit |
| Cellulose hydrate | CH | Cellulose ester | Thermoplastic | Cellophane, cell glass | |||
| Cellulose nitrate | CN | Cellulose ester | Thermoplastic | celluloid | |||
| Chloroprene rubber | CR | Polymer | Elastomer | –45 ° C to +100 ° C (briefly up to 130 ° C) | Neoprene (DuPont) | ||
| Chitin , chitosan | natural polymer | Thermoset | Binders for nonwovens, adhesives, degradable wound dressings, skin substitutes, fiber | ||||
| Cyclo-olefin copolymers | COC | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | high rigidity, strength and hardness, low density | 65-175 ° C | Topaz ( Ticona ) | |
| Epoxy resin | EP | Polyadduct | Thermoset | Alcohol , weak alkalis , acids , solvents , weather-resistant | Hard, tough, difficult to break, crystal clear to yellowish, good adhesive and electrical properties | up to 130 ° C; Casting, laminating, adhesive and lacquer resin, electrical insulation, switches, devices | Araldit , Epikote, Epoxin, Lekutherm, UHU -plus |
| Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer | E / EA | Copolymer | Elastomer | ||||
| Ethylene propylene copolymer | EPM | Copolymer | Thermoplastic elastomer | meltable | −200 to 300 ° C | Polysar EPM | |
| Ethylene propylene diene rubber | EPDM | Copolymer | Elastomer | high elasticity | 55-140 ° C | Nordel IP ( DuPont ) | |
| Ethylene vinyl acetate | EVA | Copolymer | Elastomer | ||||
| Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene | ETFE | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | Long-term use temperature: –190 to +155 ° C (short-term. 200 ° C)
Melting temperature: 265-270 ° C Density: 1.67-1.75 g / cm³ Tensile modulus of elasticity: 800-1100 MPa |
Cable insulation, lining of containers, fittings and pumps for the chemical industry, foils for roof structures, gears, laboratory accessories | Ambofluor (Amboflon) | |
| Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene | ECTFE | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | Chemical industry | Halar | ||
| Fluoroethylene propylene | FEP | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | Long-term use temperature: –200 to +205 ° C (short-term. +250 ° C)
Melting temperature: 255-285 ° C Density: 2.12-2.18 g / cm³ Tensile modulus of elasticity: 400-700 MPa |
Cable insulation, hoses, coatings, lining of containers and fittings for the chemical industry, molded parts for the electrical industry, foils | Ambofluor (Amboflon), Teflon-FEP, Hostaflon-FEP, Neoflon (DAIKIN) | |
| Fluororubber | FPM or FKM | Copolymer | Elastomer | Viton (DuPont) | |||
| Liquid crystal polymers | LCP | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | Vectra (Ticona), XYDAR (Amoco), Zenite (DuPont) | |||
| Urea formaldehyde resin | UF | Polycondensate | Thermoset | Solvent, oil | hard, impact-resistant, crystal clear, lightfast, odorless and tasteless | up to 90 ° C; Wood glue , household appliances, furniture laminates | Hornitex, Kaurit, Pollopas, Resamin, Formica, Urecoll |
| High Impact Polystyrene | HIPS | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | High impact resistant | Device housings for televisions, computers | ||
| Isoprene rubber | IR | Polymer | Elastomer | Kraton IR | |||
| lignin | natural polymer | Arboform | |||||
| Melamine formaldehyde resin | MF | Polycondensate | Thermoset | ||||
| Modified fluoroalkoxy polymers, tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE) | MFA | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | Chemical industry, laboratory accessories, electrical engineering, as a corrosion-preventing metal coating | Hyflon | ||
| Melamine / phenol - formaldehyde | MPF | Copolymer | Duroplast (thermoset) | ||||
| Methyl acrylate / butadiene / styrene | MBS | Copolymer | |||||
| Natural rubber (gum arabic) | NO | natural polymer | Elastomer | rubber | |||
| Phenol-formaldehyde resin | PF | Polycondensate | Thermoset | Weak alkalis, acids, solvents | Hard, brittle, yellow-brown, good electrical insulation | up to 100 ° C, switches, brake pads, bearings, cast and adhesive resin | Alberite, Bakelite , Corephan, Supraplast |
| Perfluoroalkoxy polymers | PFA | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | Due to the high fluorine content, PFA is the thermoplastically processable fluoroplastic with the highest temperature and chemical resistance. | Long-term use temperature: –200 ... + 260 ° C
Melting temperature: 305 ° C Density: 2.12-2.17 g / cm³ Tensile modulus of elasticity: 600-700 MPa |
Vessel materials in element trace analysis, cable insulation, lining of containers, fittings and pumps for the chemical industry, laboratory accessories, hoses, fillers | Ambofluor (Amboflon) |
| Polyacrylonitrile | PAN | Polymer | Partly crystalline fiber | Dralon | |||
| polyamide | PA, bio-PA | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | Alcohol, fuel , oil, weak alkalis, acids, salts | Hard, very tough, abrasion-resistant, smooth, sound-absorbing, dimensionally stable | Dimensionally stable up to 100 ° C, pressure hoses, seals, precision engineering, bearings, fibers, gears | Anjacom, Leona ( Asahi Kasei ), Nylon, Perlon, Durethan, ( Lanxess ), Ultramid (BASF), Zytel (DuPont), Grivory (EMS Chemie) |
| Polybutylene adipate terephthalate | PBAT | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | biodegradable, otherwise comparable to LD-PE and PP | Films for packaging or agriculture (mulch films) | Ecoflex (BASF), Ecoworld (JinHui Zhaolong) | |
| Polybutylene succinate | PBS | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | Soluble in chloroform, insoluble in water | biodegradable, otherwise comparable to LD-PE and PP | Packaging, (mulch) films, cutlery, medical applications | Bionolle (Showa Denko), GsPLA (Mitsubishi Chemical) |
| Polybutylene terephthalate | PBT | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | high strength, rigidity and hardness, good weather resistance, no stress cracking | Technical parts for automotive and electrical engineering | Anjacom, Arnite ( DSM ), Celanex (Ticona), Crastin (DuPont), Pocan (Lanxess), Ultradur (BASF), Valox (Sabic) | |
| Polycaprolactone | PCL | biodegradable | |||||
| Polycarbonate | Pc | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | Alcohol, gasoline, oil, weak acids | Hard, stiff, flame-retardant, heat-resistant, very impact-resistant, dimensionally stable, crystal-clear, electrically insulating, transparent | <135 ° C, impact resistant down to −100 ° C, housings, water bottles, automobile windows, optical lenses, CDs | Anjacom, Lexan (Sabic), Makrolon ( Covestro ) |
| Polychlorotrifluoroethylene | PCTFE | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Kel-F ( 3M ) | |||
| polyester | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic or Duroplast | Polyester is a group of diverse polymers such as B. polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephalate (PET) or polybutylene terephalate (PBT). | ||||
| Polyesteramide | PEA | ||||||
| Polyether block amide | PEBA | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic elastomer | Pebax (Atofina) | |||
| Polyetherimide | PEI | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | good chem. Resistance, transparent, tough | up to +170 ° C | Ultem (Sabic Innovative Plastics) | |
| Polyether ketones | PEK, PEEK, etc. a. | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | Dental implants | Hostatec ( Hoechst ), Kadel (Amoco), Victrex PEEK ( Victrex ), Vestakeep (Evonik) | ||
| Polyethersulfone | PES | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | firm, stiff, tough, good chemical resistance | up to +180 ° C | Ultrason E (BASF), Radel A (Amoco) | |
| Polyethylene | PE, bio-PE | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Benzene, alkalis, solvents, acids, weather-resistant | Soft, flexible (PE-LD) to stiff, unbreakable (PE-HD), translucent, odorless | up to 80 ° C (PE-LD) or up to 100 ° C (PE-HD), seals, foils, insulating material, pipes, bottles | Hostalen ( Basell ), Vestolen, Trolen |
| Polyethylene terephthalate | PET | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | high rigidity and hardness, paintable surface, weather-resistant, high dimensional stability when exposed to heat | Bottles | Impet (Ticona) | |
| Polyhydroxyalkanoates | PHA | Natural polyester (microbial biosynthesis ) | Thermoplastic (elastomer) | Moisture, UV light | bio-based, biodegradable; brittle and stiff to elastic, aroma barrier, similar to PP | up to approx. 180 ° C, (food) packaging, medical sutures, implants | |
| Polyhydroxybutyrate | PHB | Natural polyester (microbial biosynthesis ) | Thermoplastic (elastomer) | Moisture, UV light | bio-based, biodegradable; brittle and stiff to elastic, aroma barrier, similar to PP | up to approx. 180 ° C, (food) packaging, medical sutures, implants | |
| Polyimide | PI | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | Almost all solvents, but no alkalis | Abrasion-resistant, very good sliding and electrical properties (insulation), very low gas permeability | −240 to 280 ° C, shaping by sintering, seals, bearings | Kapton, Vespel ( DuPont ) |
| Polyisobutylene | PIB | Polymer | Elastomer | ||||
| Polylactide (polylactic acid) | PLA | Polymer | Thermoplastic | bio-based, biodegradable | Packaging films, plastic cutlery, plastic cups, consumables, bottles, fibers and fabrics, tea bags
Medicine: sutures that the body can break down by itself. The PLA thread is selected on the basis of various patient-related factors and the desired breakdown time. |
Ingeo ( NatureWorks LLC), Bio-Flex (FKuR, PLA-Blend) | |
| Polymethacrylmethylimide | PMMI | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Pleximide (Röhm) | |||
| Polytrimethylene terephthalate | PTT | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | ||||
| Polymethyl methacrylate | PMMA | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Heavy alkaline solutions, acids, petrol, weather-resistant | Hard, brittle, does not splinter, resistant to aging, transparent | −40 to 90 ° C, models, lights, safety glazing | Plexiglas ( Degussa ), Altuglas, Resarit |
| Polymethylpentene | PMP | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Acids, alkalis | High transparency, UV-permeable, low surface tension, low water absorption | Laboratory equipment, cosmetic containers, syringes | TPX (Mitsui) |
| Polyoxymethylene or polyacetal | POM | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Almost all solvents | Hard, tough, smooth, partially crystalline, low water absorption, dimensionally stable | −50 to 120 ° C, fittings, fittings, bearings, gears | Tenac ( Asahi Kasei ), Delrin (DuPont), Hostaform (Ticona), KEPITAL ( KEP ), Ultraform (BASF) |
| Polyphenylene ether | PPE or PPO | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | good chemical resistance | up to 100 ° C | Xyron ( Asahi Kasei ), Noryl (Sabic) | |
| Polyphenylene sulfide | PPS | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | Torelina (Toray), Fortron (Ticona), Ryton (Phillips) Tedur (Albis) | |||
| Polyphthalamide | PPA | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | Amodel ( Amoco ) | |||
| Polypropylene | PP | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Benzene, alkalis, solvents, acids, weather-resistant | Hard, unbreakable, partially crystalline, odorless and tasteless | Resistant from 0 to 130 ° C, battery boxes, washing machine parts | Hostalen PP, Novolen, Vestolen P |
| Polypyrrole | PPY | polymer | Conductive plastic | ||||
| Polystyrene | PS | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Alcohol, alkalis, oil, acids, water | Hard, brittle, crystal clear, odorless and tasteless, colorable | up to 80 ° C, insulating foils, toys, packaging, drawing implements | Hostyron, Trolitul (Dynamit Nobel AG), Vestyron |
| Foamed polystyrene | PS-E | polymer | Thermoplastic | Alcohol, alkalis, oil, acids, water | Low density | Sheets for heat and sound insulation, packaging | Styrofoam (BASF) |
| Impact-resistant polystyrene | SB | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | like PS | impact-resistant, difficult to break, embrittlement from light and heat, otherwise like PS | up to 70 ° C, containers, electrical installations, equipment and deep-drawn parts | Hostyrene, Polystyrol 400, Styroflex, Styrolux (BASF), Vestyron 500 |
| Polysulfone | PSU | Polycondensate | Thermoplastic | tough, transparent, good electrical properties, high strength | −40 to 150 ° C, medicine, household | Ultrason S (BASF), Udel (Amoco) | |
| Polytetrafluoroethylene | PTFE | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Excellent durability | Hard, tough, partially crystalline, no water absorption, very good sliding and electrical properties (insulation), not wettable ( hydrophobic ) | −90 to 350 ° C, shaping by sintering, coatings, seals, insulating foils, bearings, hoses | Teflon (Chemours), Hostaflon ( Dyneon ), Polyflon (DAIKIN) |
| Polyurethane | PUR, Bio-PUR (based on vegetable oils) | Polyadduct | Thermoset or elastomer | Weak alkaline solutions, acids, solvents, oils, fuels | Hard, tough (thermoset) to soft (elastomer), adhesive, resistant to aging | Clutch linings, bearings, pulleys , gears, adhesive resin foam moldings, bed mattresses, automobile interior trim , shoe soles, packing | Bayflex (Covestro), Contilan, Lycra, Moltopren, Elastollan, Elastolit (BASF) |
| Polyvinyl acetate | PVAC | Polymer | Thermoplastic | White glue (wood glue) | Ponal | ||
| Polyvinyl butyral | PVB | Polymer | Elastomer | biodegradable; lightfast, tough elastic films | Laminated glass film, printing ink binder, adhesive | Mowital | |
| Polyvinyl chloride (rigid PVC) | PVC-U | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Alcohol, alkalis, acids, mineral oil, petrol | Abrasion-resistant, horn-like, tough | up to 60 ° C, pipes, fittings, foils, hollow bodies, battery boxes | Hostalit, Trosiplast, Vestolit, Vinnol, Vinofles |
| Polyvinyl chloride (soft PVC) | PVC-P | Polymer | Thermoplastic | slightly less resistant than PVC-U | Abrasion-resistant, rubbery to leather-like, no water absorption | up to 80 ° C, clothing, flooring, foils, electrical insulation | Acella, Mipolam, Skay, Vestolit |
| Polyvinylidene fluoride | PVDF | Polymer | Thermoplastic | Fluorine content: approx. 57%
Long-term use temperature: -60 - +150 ° C Melting temperature: 170-180 ° C Density: 1.76-1.78 g / cm³ Tensile modulus of elasticity: 2000 - 2900 MPa |
Seal membrane, packaging film, tubing, valve components and pump linings for ultra pure water , and the chemical industry , packaging materials for chemicals, apparatus and plant, semiconductor manufacturing, tubing, laminations, slide rails, moldings | Solef ( Solvay ), Kynar ( Arkema ), Dyneon ( Dyneon ), Ambofluor (Amboflon) | |
| Polyvinyl pyrrolidone | PVP | ||||||
| Silicone rubber | Q or SIR | Polycondensate | Elastomer | ||||
| Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer | SAN | Copolymer | Thermoplastic | Essential oils, otherwise like PS | Very impact-resistant, stiff, stable, resistant to temperature changes | up to 95 ° C, battery boxes, device housings, toys | Luran (Styrolution), Vestoran |
| Styrene-butadiene rubber | SBR | Copolymer | Elastomer | ||||
| Styrene-butadiene-styrene | SBS | Copolymer | Thermoplastic elastomer | Kraton | |||
| Thermoplastic strength | TPS | Polymer | Thermoplastic | bio-based, biodegradable | Packaging films, extrusions, golf tees, plastic cutlery | Biograde TPS (Biograde Limited), Biograde BM (Blend, Biograde Limited), Master-Bi (Blend, Novamont) | |
| Thermoplastic polyurethane | TPU or TPE-U | Polyadduct | Thermoplastic elastomer | Desmopan (Covestro), Elastollan (BASF) | |||
| Unsaturated polyester | UP | Polycondensate | Thermoset | Weak alkaline solutions, acids, solvents, weather-resistant | Depending on the filler, hard, tough or soft, elastic, crystal clear, good electrical properties, colorable | up to 120 ° C, fibers, textiles, cast, laminating, adhesive and lacquer resin, synthetic resin concrete | Aldenol, Laminac, Leguval, Palatal, Vestopal, Diolen, Trevira |
| Vinyl chloride / ethylene | VC / E | Copolymer | Elastomer | ||||
| Vinyl chloride / ethylene / methacrylate | VC / E / MA | Copolymer | Elastomer |
Characteristic properties
Unreinforced plastics
| character | material |
Density σ [g cm −3 ] |
Yield stress R S [N mm −2 ] |
E modulus (tensile stress) E [kN mm −2 ] |
Elongation at break A R [%] |
Linear expansion α [10 −5 K −1 ] |
| PA 6 | Polyamide 6 | 1.13 | 80 | 3.2 | 200 | 7… 10 |
| Pc | Polycarbonate | 1.2 | 60 | 2.2 | 80 | 7th |
| PE | Polyethylene | 0.94 | 22nd | 1.0 | 450 | 20th |
| POM | Polyoxymethylene | 1.41 | 68 | 3.1 | 12… 20 | 11 |
| PP | Polypropylene | 0.91 | 37 | 1.4 | 20 ... 500 | 15th |
Unreinforced elastomers
| character | IUPAC name | Brand name |
Tensile strength [N mm −2 ] |
Breakage expansion coefficient [%] |
Temperature resistance [° C] |
properties | use |
| NO | Natural rubber | 22nd | 600 | −60 ... + 90 | Highly durable | Tires, rubber-metal springs, bearings | |
| SBR | Styrene-butadiene rubber | Buna S | 5 | 500 | −60 ... + 90 | Highly durable | Tires, hydraulic seals, hoses, cable jackets |
| CR | Chlorine butadiene rubber | Baypren, chloroprene, neoprene | 10 | 400 | −30 ... +120 | Flame retardant, wear-resistant, weather-resistant | Brake lines, sealing sheets, bellows, diving suits |
| NBR | Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber | Perbunan N, nitrile rubber | 6th | 450 | −40 ... +110 | Oil and fuel resistant | Seals, hydraulics and pneumatics, cores of fuel and hydraulic lines |
| AU | Polyester urethane rubber | Vulkollan | 20th | 450 | −30 ... + 100 | Wear-resistant, tough | Mechanically stressed seals, elastic couplings, gear wheels |
| SI | Silicone rubber | Silastic, Elastosil | 1 | 250 | −80 ... + 200 | Chemically and temperature resistant | Elastic insulation, seals, sleeves, hoses |