List of Japanese dialects

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
regional distribution of Japanese dialects
regional pronunciation of the copula da
regional distribution of different accent patterns

The Japanese language has numerous dialects , which was favored by the geographic features of the country. Not only is the country stretched into a 2000 km long archipelago of four main islands and a few thousand small ones, a few large fertile plains (including the Kantō Plain , Kansai Plain ) are separated from each other by mountain ranges that make up almost eighty percent of the land area. This created a series of language islands.

The scientific name for dialects in Japanese is hōgen ( 方言 ). There is also namari ( 訛 ) for different pronunciations or accents and -ben ( 弁 ) for the dialect of a region. The Japanese dialects have a high variance, so that z. B. the communication of speakers of the Tsugaru dialect in the north and the Kagoshima dialect in the south is not possible. The standard language is the dialect of Edo ( Tokyo ). Related to the southern Japanese dialects are the Ryūkyū languages , which together with Japanese form the family of Japanese languages .

The dialects are grouped into East Japanese dialects ( 東 日本 方言 Higashi-Nihon hōgen or 東部 方言 Tōbu hōgen ) and West Japanese dialects ( 西 日本 方言 Nishi-Nihon hōgen or 西部 方言 Seibu hōgen ). The dividing line between the two groups is called the Itoigawa Lake Hamana Line.

The Ainu language is not related to Japanese .

East Japanese

  • Hokkaidō dialect ( 北海道 方言 )
  • Tōhoku dialect (s) ( 東北 方言 )
    • Tsugaru dialect ( 津 軽 弁 )
    • Shimokita dialect ( 下 北 弁 )
    • Nanbu dialect ( 南部 弁 )
    • Sendai dialect ( 仙台 弁 )
  • Kantō dialects ( 東 関 東方 言 )
  • West Kantō dialect ( 西 関 東方 言 )
    • Edo -Kotoba ( 江 戸 言葉 )
    • Tōkyō dialect ( 東京 方言 )
    • Gunma dialect ( 群 馬弁 )
  • Hachijō -dialect ( 八丈 方言 ): spoken on some remote islands such as Aogashima , Hachijō-jima , and the Daitō Islands , still strongly colored by Old-East Japanese
  • Chūbu dialects ( 中部 方言 )
    • Enshū dialect ( 遠 州 弁 )
    • Mikawa dialect ( 三河 弁 )
    • Nagoya dialect ( 名古屋 弁 ), also Owari dialect ( 尾張 弁 )
    • Mino dialect ( 美濃 弁 )

Western Japanese

  • Hokuriku dialects ( 北 陸 方言 )
    • Toyama or Etchū dialect ( 富山 弁 / 越 中 方言 )
    • Kaga dialect ( 加 賀 弁 )
    • Noto dialect ( 能 登 弁 )
    • Sado dialect ( 佐渡 弁 )
    • Fukui dialect ( 福井 弁 )
    • Kanazawa dialect ( 金 沢 弁 )
  • Kansai dialect (s) / Kinai dialects ( 関 西 弁 / 近畿 方言 )
    • Ōmi dialect ( 近 江 弁 )
    • Kyōto dialect ( 京都 弁 )
    • Maizuru dialect ( 舞 鶴 弁 )
    • Tanba dialect ( 丹波 弁 )
    • Ise dialect ( 伊 勢 弁 )
      • Shima dialect ( 志摩 弁 )
    • Iga dialect ( 伊 賀 弁 )
    • Ōsaka dialect ( 大阪 弁 )
      • Senba-Kotoba ( 船 場 言葉 )
      • Settsu dialect ( 摂 津 弁 )
      • Kawachi dialect ( 河内 弁 )
      • Senshū dialect ( 泉州 弁 )
    • Kobe dialect ( 神 戸 弁 )
    • Banshū dialect ( 播 州 弁 )
    • Nara dialect ( 奈良 弁 ), also Yamato dialect ( 大 和 弁 )
    • Kishū dialect ( 紀 州 弁 )
    • Awaji dialect ( 淡 路 弁 )
  • Tōkai-Tōsan dialects ( 東海 東山 方言 )
  • Shikoku dialects ( 四 国 方言 )
    • Tokushima dialect ( 徳 島 弁 )
    • Sanuki dialect ( 讃 岐 弁 )
    • Iyo dialect ( 伊 予 弁 )
    • Tosa dialect ( 土 佐 弁 )
    • Hata dialect ( 幡 多 弁 )
  • Unpaku dialects ( 雲 伯 方言 )
    • Izumo dialect ( 出 雲 弁 )
    • Yasugi dialect ( 安 来 弁 )
    • Yonago dialect ( 米 子 弁 )
  • Chūgoku dialects ( 中国 方言 )

Kyushu dialects

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kay Genenz: Dialects . In: Bruno Lewin (Ed.): Language and writing of Japan . EJ Brill, 1989, ISBN 90-04-08775-3 , ISSN  0921-5239 , pp. 63 ( digitized in Google book search).

Web links

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