Gap (pass)

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Gap (pass)
Compass direction North south
Pass height 366  m above sea level NHN
state Baden-Württemberg
Valley locations Loerrach - Tumringen Rümmingen
expansion K 6354 orA98
Mountains Röttler forest
profile
Max. Incline 6% 12%
Map (Baden-Württemberg)
Lucke (Pass) (Baden-Württemberg)
Gap (pass)
Coordinates 47 ° 37 '51 "  N , 7 ° 38' 51"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 37 '51 "  N , 7 ° 38' 51"  E

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The gap is 366  m above sea level. NHN high pass crossing between Lörrach and Rümmingen , which is used by a district and various secondary roads as well as the motorway. The pass overcomes an elevation that forms between the foothills of the Tüllinger mountain and the part of the Röttler forest belonging to the Black Forest . In addition to the Wittlinger Höhe, the Lucke connects as one of two passes the hilly Markgräfler Land and the lower Kandertal with the Wiesental , which are separated by these two mountain ranges and are lower at their interlocking foothills. Due to its strategically clever location, it has repeatedly been the site of troop movements and armed conflicts.

profile

Main road

The southern ramp of the Lucke begins in the Lörrach district of Tumringen and leads over 1.5 kilometers in a hairpin bend past the Tumring cemetery, overcoming a height difference of 75 meters, which corresponds to an average gradient of 5%. The district road 6354 coming from Lörrach is called Freiburger Straße in the Lörracher district.

The top of the pass is about 100 meters before the junction that leads to the A 98 at the Kandern junction . The southern junction leads to the hamlet district of Ötlingen . To the north, the district road leads over a bridge structure over the motorway in an S-curve to Rümmingen with a junction to Binzen in the direction of Dreispitz . There are bus stops for both directions to the south and north of the motorway bridge, which are served by intercity buses. There is also a P + M parking lot ( location ) at the northern stop .

This north ramp is 1.7 kilometers long and overcomes an altitude difference of 79 meters, which corresponds to an average gradient of 4.6%. The maximum gradient is 12%. In the Rümmingen district, the district road bears the name Lörracher Strasse. A cycle and pedestrian path runs parallel to the road over the pass.

Highway

The federal autobahn 98 also runs over the Luckepass, albeit in an east-west direction, and thus connects the Upper Rhine Plain from the Weil am Rhein autobahn triangle with the Wiesental . The eastward course of this section leads in an arc to the Wiesentalbrücke and then on towards Rheinfelden . Junction number 4 Kandern is right on the pass . Connections are available here to the district road to Kandern in the north and to Lörrach-Turmringen, in the south and on to Landesstrasse 141. The entire transport structure is located in the district of the city of Lörrach and, with its western outlines, forms the city boundary to the local authority association of the Vorderes Kandertal and / or the municipality of Binzen.

Due to the close proximity to the hamlet of Rötteln , the Röttler Church can be seen clearly from the motorway , which is illuminated at night and can therefore be seen from afar. When crossing the Luckepass in an easterly direction of travel, a teaching board points to the Rötteln castle ruins and the Wiesental, both of which are clearly visible in the direction of the Wiesentalbrücke in this section of the motorway.

Back streets

Both north and south of the pass road for motorized private transport, further paved side roads lead over the pass. The northern path leads in the direction of Rötteln Castle, a junction crosses under the motorway and leads to the hamlet of Rötteln. This path is also part of a route that is part of the Baden-Württemberg cycle network and leads from Schliengen to Grenzach-Wyhlen . The 264-kilometer circular route, the Southern Black Forest Cycle Route , leads across the Lucke, as does the trinational, 197-kilometer Dreiland Cycle Route .

From the center of Tumringen, the road named after the gap leads over dirt roads with an average gradient of 10% at 650 meters up to the pass. This path is part of the 13th stage of the Westweg (variant A, western variant), which leads from Rötteln Castle over the Lucke to Tüllingen .

history

Prehistory and early history

The pass gap as the lowest connection between the Wiesental and the Markgräflerland is considered significant connection between the High Rhine - and the Upper Rhine Valley and is therefore also of municipal industrial importance. The "Hohe Straße" branches off from the top of the pass in the direction of the Bergkams, and it was almost certainly used as a high-altitude path in the early days . The approximately thirteen kilometer long path leads from Ober Tüllingen to Scheideck near Kandern . The oldest evidence of human presence in this area goes back to the Neolithic around 3500 BC. BC back. A 21.6 centimeter long stone ax and a 16.8 centimeter long flint ax are the oldest finds so far. Their replicas are in the Dreiländermuseum in Lörrach.

A relic of rural self-government was the amalgamation and the agreement of a joint right to use the adjacent forest between the villages of Binzen and Rümmingen , Wollbach and Wittlingen as well as Tumringen, Haagen and, at times, Hauingen . For this purpose, the forest was named "Vier-Höfe-Wald". At the time of the conquest of the Alemanni - probably from the 4th century AD - these places actually only consisted of one courtyard, so that this name can be explained. These settlements around the Lucke settled all matters and possible disputes between themselves without a superordinate rule. In a document found in 1405 it says:

"Item was recognized that all four courtyards are the same with their rights and that they have a common land that is common to all four, and whoever has sat in the four courtyards, he is rich or poor, has the same right in it."

The Vier-Höfe-Wald, which was about an area of ​​2690 Jucharten , around 900 hectares, was part of the Röttler Forest. In the period that followed, the agreement was largely ignored by the gentlemen of Röttler Burg .

Armed conflicts

Both during the Thirty Years' War from 1618 to 1648 and also during the Dutch War from 1672 to 1679, the gap was a strategically important transition, as it was used for troop movements. The neighboring Tumringen also often served the garrisons as a military base, with the neighboring fields and the village becoming more and more neglected and also plundered. When the Hüningen Fortress in the nearby Alsatian Hüningen was massively expanded by the French in the course of the Spanish Wars of Succession (1702 to 1714) , it became a sideline gateway to the German Empire. Therefore, Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden , also known as Türkenlouis, was commissioned to protect the imperial borders along the Upper Rhine, which culminated in the Battle of Friedlingen on October 14, 1702 . This dispute between 14,000 army members of the Holy Roman Empire and around 20,000 of the Kingdom of France took place on the Tüllinger Berg and there in particular on the Gisinplatz, an open field between the Käferholz forest and the Lucke.

Lucke pass crossing in a map from 1777
Depiction of the Luckepass on a map from 1916

On a historical map from the margravial time of Baden from 1777, on which Tumringen, Rötteln and the surrounding area is shown, the pass crossing is referred to as bey der Lücke .

Also at the beginning of the 18th century the villages near the Lucke were invaded and looted by soldiers and at the end of the 18th century again in the course of post-revolutionary clashes in which French soldiers withdrew across the Rhine. During the First World War German soldiers attracted to the gap in the Vosges in a war of position . In the winter of 1918 the defeated German troops returned to the garrison town of Lörrach.

Even during the Second World War , the gap was an important military transport route. German soldiers who arrived in Loerrach by train marched across the gap and were quartered with farmers in the Loerrach area. Likewise, military equipment that arrived at the Lörrach freight yard was brought over the pass and installed as anti-tank or anti- aircraft shelter around the Lucke and in Rümmingen. During the war there were repeated major movements, including civilians, across the Luckepass. On May 19, 1940, people from the area fled via the gap with their farm animals, food, clothing and other belongings. The last act of war in the region around Lörrach was carried out on the Lucke when, on April 24, 1945, French tanks of the 3rd Regiment advanced from Müllheim via Rümmingen to the pass. By order of Lörrach's mayor Reinhard Boos and district manager Hugo Grüner , Lörrach should be defended unconditionally. For this purpose, the French tanks were shot at by guns that were set up at a quarry at the entrance to Brombach . One tank was destroyed by the gun, another by a bazooka . There were dead and injured on both sides.

Modern times

After the end of the Second World War, Lörrach grew and with it increased car traffic. The gap developed into a bottleneck for the increasing traffic flows. At the time, the existing federal road was the only cross connection at the end of the A 5 and caused an extreme increase in the load on the towns through which it passed. From 1977, massive earth movements dug a deeper passage at the Luckepass and widened it at the same time in order to build a motorway. The result was a network of intersections of paths, at the apex of which the federal motorway 98 has since led over the gap down to the Wiesental and from there extends further east over the Wiesentalbrücke . The cut mountain below the Luckepass had to be supported with extensive construction measures to prevent it from slipping. In 1983 the section of the motorway up to the Waidhof was inaugurated.

On July 21, 2000, the 87th Tour de France passed through Loerrach, which was accompanied by thousands of fans on the roadside. The 17th stage from Lausanne to Freiburg im Breisgau (252 kilometers) extended from Waidhof through downtown Lörrach up to Lucke and then via Kandern to the stage destination Freiburg. Driving over the gap from the south was classified as Category 4 (“very easy”) due to its shortness and incline .

literature

  • Settlement on the Lucke Pass . in: Stadt Lörrach (Ed.): Lörrach: Lörracher Jahrbuch mit Chronik , Waldemar Lutz Verlag, Lörrach 2016, ISBN 978-3-922107-12-5 , pp. 12-25.

Web links

Commons : Lucke  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Settlement on the Lucke Pass. P. 13.
  2. ^ Settlement on the Lucke Pass. P. 15.
  3. ^ Settlement on the Lucke Pass. P. 16.
  4. ^ Settlement on the Lucke Pass. Pp. 17-19.
  5. ^ Settlement on the Lucke Pass. P. 20.
  6. ^ Settlement on the Lucke Pass. P. 21.
  7. ^ Settlement on the Lucke Pass. P. 22.
  8. ^ Settlement on the Lucke Pass. P. 25.
  9. ↑ Route profile of the 87th Tour de France (2000)
  10. ↑ Spiegel Online : The Breisgau is crazy , article from July 19, 2000, last accessed on June 5, 2019