Naval hospital Flensburg-Mürwik

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Battlements on the building of the hospital block (main building) of the naval hospital (photo 2014)

The naval hospital in Flensburg - Mürwik , in the city district of Stützpunkt , is a building complex that served as a naval hospital and later, under the name Klinik Ost, as a municipal hospital . With various buildings, including the marine water tower , it forms the outer bailey area of the Mürwik naval school .

history

From planning to opening in 1910

The area of ​​the maritime hospital with the hospital block (photo 2014)
The main building in winter (photo 2015)

In 1902 the Admiralty considered building a naval facility on the Baltic coast of Schleswig-Holstein . The city of Flensburg provided 15 hectares of land at the end of the Osbek in Mürwik for this project free of charge. Five years later, construction of the naval school had already begun. In 1907, with another construction phase in the southwest of the naval school, the buildings of the naval hospital were to be built. The drafts for the buildings of the Marinelazarette were completed in December 1907 by the two architects Heino Schmieden and Julius Boethke . The following year they were checked by the Reichsmarineamt and thus approved. The construction of the naval hospital probably started in 1908. For the construction plans of the naval hospital, on which Heinrich Schmieden also worked, it was awarded the Red Eagle Order IV class in 1909 . Julius Boethke received the Royal Crown for the Red Eagle Order IV class for his work on the plans for the Naval Hospital Flensburg-Mürwik.

In May 1910, the construction of the maritime hospital was apparently completed and since then 100 beds have been made available to supply the marines. It was built in a brick Gothic style that was adapted to the naval school . Since then, the naval hospital has consisted of the large hospital block (or the main building), the administration building, the farm building, the isolation ward and the morgue . A shed had also been built. It was not until a little later, in 1912, that the chief doctor's villa , which can be found on the north-eastern edge , was evidently built . Presumably in 1911/1912, the gate guard of the Mürwik Naval School was also set up near the naval hospital . In the blueprint of Adalbert Kelm's naval school , on which the naval hospital was also drawn, the dashed outline of a possible extension building is drawn east of the hospital block, which would have been smaller but similar to the hospital block, but was never realized. On April 1, 1910, Fruerlund , Twedt , Twedter Holz and Engelsby were incorporated into the city of Flensburg. The naval school with the naval hospital came to town with Twedterholz.

The naval school was opened on November 21, 1910 by Kaiser Wilhelm II . The hospital system in Flensburg at that time consisted of the deaconess institution and the Franziskus hospital. In addition, shortly before that, the city built the Cholerahaus in the southern part of the city around 1907 , from which the city hospitals developed. At that time the naval school stood free in the countryside. The urban development had not yet extended to her. The entire system showed a clear castle look on the side facing away from the fjord . With the construction of the buildings for the naval school, it became necessary to connect them to the urban infrastructure. A strong impetus for the city to grow eastward developed.

During the Weimar Republic

With the reactivation of the Flensburg-Mürwik site by the Reichsmarine , medical care for the soldiers was again necessary. Medical care for the soldiers by the city hospitals was not possible because they suffered from a lack of space and patients therefore often had to be turned away. The city hospitals nevertheless showed themselves to the navy ready to accept surgical cases in small numbers. However , one wanted to reject venereal cases in principle. Therefore, the navy reactivated the hospital on September 10, 1920. At the beginning of 1921, the reuse of the hospital by the navy was checked and confirmed by the medical department of the main supply office in Altona according to a decree of the Reichswehr Ministry. The naval hospital should especially take care of the injuries that occurred during training in sailing and sports service. The soldiers' family members were also able to receive treatment, which reduced the burden on the city hospitals a little. Even then, the city hospitals would have liked to take over the hospital, but the navy took precedence. In addition, the members of the Reichswehr and the members of the order police were treated in the naval hospital. It was not intended to serve as a convalescent home, sanatorium or home for lung patients, as there was no forest and the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein seemed more suitable.

At the time of the Second World War

The administration building (photo 2014)
In May 1945 the arrests took place in the special area Mürwik . Karl Dönitz , whose portrait can be seen in the background, is said to have been removed from the hospital

During the National Socialist era , the Flensburg-Mürwik base was expanded considerably. This is how the numerous buildings of the neighboring Mürwiker news school came into being . In November 1939 the landscape architect Hermann Mattern designed a preliminary draft of a newly designed garden for an apparently newly planned military building complex at the naval hospital. It is unclear what exact function the building complex should have. The design was not implemented. Around this time, the naval hospital was probably also being converted into an engineering school . In 1939/40, instead, the staff building complex of the Mürwik Naval School was apparently built not far on Fördestrasse , which initially served as an engineer-officer school. On August 26, 1939, during the mobilization for the attack on Poland , the naval hospital, which served as the site hospital in Flensburg, was reclassified to the reserve hospital in Flensburg . During the Second World War it was one of the naval hospitals of the Kriegsmarine . A hospital bunker was planned to protect the city from the air raids , but it was never completed. Until autumn 1944, only a pit was dug east of the main building for the planned bunker, which is no longer preserved today.

At the end of the war, the naval hospital was part of the Mürwik special area . Large parts of the main building of the naval school also belonged to the hospital at this time and were used accordingly. Since May 2, 1945, the Reich doctor of the SS and the police Karl Gebhardt stayed in the Flensburg area. In the naval hospital, he is said to have disguised himself as a Red Cross general. On May 11th, shortly after the unconditional surrender (May 7th / 8th), he left Flensburg in the wake of Heinrich Himmler , with whom he had also come, to go south to go underground, but despite being well-equipped false identities failed. On May 10, 1945 at 3 p.m., the leading member of the Waffen SS, Richard Glücks , the head of the inspection of the concentration camps , committed suicide using cyanide in the Mürwik II naval hospital in order to avoid imminent arrest. On May 18, 1945, the Nazi chief ideologist Alfred Rosenberg was arrested in the hospital. He had a bad bruise in the ankle of his left leg. A day later he was taken by car to Kiel and from there by plane to Luxembourg , where he was housed with other major war criminals in the Palace Hotel and had to wait for the trial against him in Nuremberg . On May 27, 1945, Enno Lolling apparently also committed suicide in the naval hospital. Lolling worked as an assistant doctor at the Mürwiker Marinelazarett in 1917 and 1918 and later participated in the crimes in the Dachau and Sachsenhausen concentration camps as a member of the SS .

The American reporter and contemporary witness Joseph C. Harsch also reported that Karl Dönitz had his living quarters at the Mürwiker Hospital (see Commander's Villa ), from where he also lived on May 23, 1945, shortly after Albert Speer was arrested at Glücksburg Castle , was evacuated by British soldiers. The majority of the Dönitz government was arrested at least at the neighboring marine sports school in Flensburg-Mürwik, where the seat of the provisional government was located, which finally brought the Second World War to an end in Europe.

From the post-war period to the present

Former main entrance to Klinik Ost (Photo 2014)
Location of the shed which was demolished despite being a listed building (Photo 2014)

After the war, parts of the Mürwiker hospital are said to have served as a camp for the refugees who had come to Flensburg, although it was apparently not officially recognized as a post-war aid camp (see population development in Flensburg and trampoline roof camp ). On March 21, 1946, teaching at the University of Education began in the neighboring east wing of the Naval School . In autumn 1947 the part of the building of the naval school, which was then also used as a military hospital, was integrated into the municipal hospitals together with the actual naval hospital. The naval hospital was given the name Klinik Ost. On June 4, 1948, twelve former DRK sisters , the DRK sororities Stettin- Frauendorf and Kurmark in Eberswalde , founded a DRK sisterhood named after Elsa Brändström at Hemmelmark Castle near Eckernförde . This was soon given premises in the east wing of the naval school, which thus became the motherhouse of the sisterhood. On September 1st of the year the sisters gathered in the naval school for the founding ceremony and first general meeting of the DRK sisterhood Elsa Brändström eV On October 1st, the first course of nursing training began in Flensburg. The sisterhood also began to get involved in Burg auf Fehmarn , in the Baltic Sea resort of Dahme , in Eldagsen / Lower Saxony, in North / East Friesland, Niebüll , Leck and Eckernförde. In 1950 the hospital in the south wing of the Naval School (Hospital Mürwik II) was closed and the wing was taken over by the University of Education . The Flensburg customs school moved into the north wing . With the establishment of the German Navy in the 1950s, the Flensburg-Mürwik base was to be used largely for military purposes again. In 1953 the general assembly of the DRK sisterhood Elsa Brändström decided to build a new parent company. The new parent company was soon built in Fruerlund , near the Devil's Bridge . On August 7, 1956, the navy again moved into the neighboring buildings of the naval school. But it wasn't until 1959 that the above-mentioned college of education moved into a new building at the Volkspark . The clinic remained in existence for the following decades.

In 1989 Klinik Ost was finally closed. In the same year, the municipal women's and children's clinic on Marienhölzungsweg was opened. After the closure of the East Clinic, there were also considerations to expand the naval school to include the buildings of the naval hospital. On February 25, 1989, the flotilla admiral and at the same time commander of the naval school, Klaus-Dieter Sievert, publicly confirmed the interest in taking over the building of the naval hospital in order to accommodate the increasing number of officer candidates . In October 1991, the Ministry of Defense rejected the plans for reasons of cost. The naval hospital was affected by vacancy. During this time, unauthorized persons broke into the building and found syringes and medical files. The press reported on the "syringe scandal". From 1993 the building complex served as accommodation for asylum seekers and civil war refugees. The aforementioned municipal women's and children's clinic was taken over in 1997 by the neighboring Diakonissenanstalt . In 1998 the accommodation for asylum seekers and resettlers in the naval hospital was closed and a new phase of vacancy began. Also in 1998, on September 30th of that year, the naval school was placed under monument protection. In 2010 the naval school, which had previously been largely renovated, celebrated its 100th anniversary.

The naval hospital around 1910
Vorburg area at the marine water tower and the farm building, view towards the main tower of the MSM (photo 2015)

The naval hospital is now registered as a Mürwik cultural monument , just like the building of the naval school that was built at the same time . In 2007 the Danish entrepreneur Fritz Matzen bought the hospital. In 2009 he announced plans for the “Kelm-Hof” hotel, which were soon discarded. In 2013 he presented new plans for a senior citizens' housing complex. The naval hospital shed, which is also registered as a cultural monument of Mürwik , was demolished without permission during the period when Fritz Matzen was the owner. During this time, some so-called, alleged ghost hunters and showers - tourists gained access to the building. With the handover on August 1, 2014, the company Dolphin Capital Projekt GmbH bought the cultural monument - the land register was entered on October 31, 2014. The new owner apparently only plans to renovate three of the five listed buildings that are still preserved and to put them on the market as condominiums with high depreciation potential bring to. In addition, modern new buildings are planned for redensification, although the green areas belong to the listed marine hospital. The appearance of the main building's crenellated façade may have been weakened in its expression by a nurses' home built decades ago directly on Kelmstrasse, which is now used as an apartment building. The project is praised under the name “Dolphin an der See”, even if the area is not directly on the Flensburg Fjord. The buildings are currently still empty and their preservation is at risk.

The naval medical center Flensburg-Mürwik (SanZentrum Flensburg) - since 2015 the medical supply center Flensburg - of the Bundeswehr is now located in the former Tirpitz barracks (see medical command and medical service support command ).

Web links

Commons : Marinelazarett Flensburg-Mürwik  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Flensburg - history of a border town. Edited by the Society for Flensburg City History. Flensburg 1966, p. 383.
  2. ^ Writings of the Society for Flensburg City History (ed.): Flensburg in history and present . Flensburg 1972, p. 195.
  3. ↑ Resolution proposal SUPA-72-2013 from the Flensburg City Hall , accessed on: September 26, 2014.
  4. ^ Lutz Wilde : Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 2, Flensburg, p. 532.
  5. ↑ Stadtarchiv Flensburg, XIV K / P Marinelazarett 544 as well as subsequent signatures (The submitted and checked plans of the Marinelazarett)
  6. ↑ See Lutz Wilde : Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 2, Flensburg, p. 532.
  7. ^ Oleg Peters: Heino Schmieden: Life and work of the architect and builder 1835-1913 . Zwickau 2016, p. 117.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Flensburger Tageblatt : 100 Years of the Naval School: History of the School , dated: August 11, 2010, accessed on: September 11, 2014.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Klinik Ost Flensburg - what was going on? In: Fördeschnack. July 30, 2012, accessed October 2, 2014 .
  10. ↑ Compare with the construction plans of Adalbert Kelm from the naval school on which the naval hospital was drawn in.
  11. ^ Lutz Wilde : Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein . Volume 2, Flensburg, page 536
  12. ^ A b Writings of the Society for Flensburg City History (Hrsg.): Flensburg in history and present . Flensburg 1972, p. 406.
  13. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : 100 Years of the Naval School: This is how the naval school came to the city , from: August 11, 2010, accessed on: September 12, 2014.
  14. ^ Lutz Wilde: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 2, Flensburg, p. 590
  15. ^ Writings of the Society for Flensburg City History (ed.): Flensburg in history and present . Flensburg 1972, p. 127.
  16. ↑ See for example: Motif-like views from Flensburg !, Marineschule Mürwik vom Land
  17. ↑ Gerret Liebing Schlaber: From the country to the district. Flensburg's Stadtfeld and the incorporated villages in pictures and words approx. 1860–1930. Flensburg 2009, p. 22.
  18. ↑ Cf. Stadtarchiv Flensburg, VD 124 Marinelazarett Mürwik 1920–1921 therein: Negotiation on the further use of the Marinelazarett Flensburg-Mürwik, from February 10th
  19. ↑ See Hermann Mattern: Marinelazarett, Flensburg-Mürwik. Green area, Inv. No. F 2659: Garden plan 1: 500, preliminary draft , accessed on September 11, 2014.
  20. ↑ Morbid Charm on the Flensburg Fjord , dated: November 24, 2016; Retrieved on: March 4, 2017
  21. ↑ Cf. Broder Schwensen , Dieter Nickel : Flensburg in the air war 1939–1945. Flensburg 2009, p. 60
  22. ↑ Table of the bunkers in Flensburg , accessed on: November 21, 2018
  23. ↑ State Center for Civic Education Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Der Untergang 1945 in Flensburg (lecture on January 10, 2012 by Gerhard Paul ), p. 2.
  24. ↑ Gerhard Paul : Zeitlaufte: Flensburger Kameraden in Die Zeit , dated: February 1, 2001, accessed on: September 12, 2014.
  25. ↑ State Center for Civic Education Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Der Untergang 1945 in Flensburg (lecture on January 10, 2012 by Gerhard Paul ), p. 17.
  26. ↑ Stephen Tyas, Peter Witte: Himmler's Diary 1945: A Calendar of Events Leading to Suicide , Diary for May 1945.
  27. ↑ State Center for Civic Education Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Der Untergang 1945 in Flensburg (lecture on January 10, 2012 by Gerhard Paul ), pp. 11 and 17
  28. ^ Ernst Piper : Alfred Rosenberg Hitler's chief ideologist, 2005, p. 621.
  29. ↑ State Center for Civic Education Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Der Untergang 1945 in Flensburg (lecture on January 10, 2012 by Gerhard Paul ), p. 19.
  30. ↑ 1933-1945 perpetrator and fellow traveler, Lolling Enno Dr. med. , Retrieved on: March 4, 2017
  31. ^ Joseph C. Harsch: At the Hinge of History. P. 126 and 128 f.
  32. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : Bus tour through Flensburg: In the footsteps of contemporary history , from: January 30, 2012; Retrieved on: April 2, 2015.
  33. ↑ See State Center for Civic Education Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Der Untergang 1945 in Flensburg (lecture on January 10, 2012 by Gerhard Paul ), p. 21.
  34. ↑ Gerhard Paul u. Broder Schwensen (Ed.): May '45. End of the war in Flensburg , Flensburg 2015, p. 162
  35. ↑ a b c d e f Flensburger Tageblatt : Former Clinic East Flensburg: Living high above the Osbektal , from: March 27, 2015; Retrieved on: April 20, 2015.
  36. ↑ a b c DRK Sisterhood Elsa Brändström eV History of our Sisterhood , accessed on: May 4, 2015.
  37. ^ A b Flensburg, Stadtgeschichte 1946–1989, tabular representation ( Memento from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ); Retrieved on: September 11, 2014.
  38. ↑ 100 Years of the Naval School: The Red Castle of the German Emperor , from: October 13, 2010, accessed on: September 13, 2014.
  39. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : The Charm of Forgotten: Abandoned Places in Schleswig-Holstein , from: May 23, 2014; accessed on: April 22, 2015.
  40. ↑ MoinMoin : The spook is over, Klinik Ost becomes a residential complex , from: April 16, 2013; accessed on: April 22, 2015.
  41. ^ The newsreel : Dolphin an der See: 80 new apartments New construction project , from: March 29, 2015; Retrieved on: May 19, 2015.
  42. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : Former Clinic East Flensburg: Living high above the Osbektal , from: March 27, 2015; Retrieved on: May 19, 2015.
  43. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : Urban planning in Flensburg: Marathon around the Klinik-Ost - and new plans , from: March 2nd, 2017; Retrieved on: March 4, 2017
  44. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : aerial photo series Part II: Mürwik Naval School: The boom in the "muddy bay" , from: July 17, 2012; Retrieved on: August 26, 2015.

Coordinates: 54 ° 48 ′ 45.7 "  N , 9 ° 27 ′ 36.5"  E