Mayhem

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Mayhem (disambiguation) .

Mayhem
Mayhem live at Jalometalli 2008
General information
Genre (s)	Black Metal , Extreme Metal since 1995
founding	1984, 1995
resolution	1993
Website	www.thetruemayhem.com
Founding members
Electric bass	Necrobutcher (Jørn Stubberud) (until 1991)
Electric guitar	Euronymous (Øystein Aarseth) († 1993)
Drums	Manheim (Kjetil Manheim) (until 1988)
Current occupation
singing	Attila Csihar (1993, since 2004)
guitar	Teloch (Morten Bergeton Iversen) (since 2011)
bass	Necrobutcher (Jørn Stubberud) (since 1995)
Drums	Hellhammer (Jan Axel Blomberg) (since 1988)
guitar	Ghul (Charles Hedger) (since 2012)
former members
singing	Messiah (Eirik Nordheim) (1986)
singing	Maniac (Sven Erik Kristiansen) (1986–1988, 1995–2004)
singing	Kittil (Kittil Kittilsen) (1987)
Drums	Torben (Torben Grue) (1987)
singing	Dead (Per Yngve Ohlin) (1988–1991, †)
Vocals, bass	Occultus (Stian Johannsen) (1991)
bass	Count Grishnackh (Varg Vikernes) (1993)
guitar	Blackthorn (Snorre Ruch) (1993)
guitar	Nordgaren (Alexander Nordgaren) (1997–1998)
guitar	Blasphemer (Rune Eriksen) (1995-2008)

Necrobutcher (2008)

Mayhem (English 'Chaos') is a Norwegian band that had a significant impact on Norwegian and international Black Metal in its phase up to 1994.

history

1984–1986: beginnings

The band, whose name goes back to Venom's song Mayhem with Mercy , was formed in 1984 by Jørn "Necrobutcher" Stubberud, Kjetil "'Morbid' Manheim" Manheim and Øystein Aarseth (who initially operated under the pseudonym "Destructor" and then changed to "Euronymous") renamed) founded in Langhus . In the logo there is the addition The True (English 'die Wahren'), as several bands with the name Mayhem existed. Initially, the band played Venom and Metallica tracks before writing their own material. At first the band was mainly influenced by Venom, furthermore by Bathory , Hellhammer , Sodom and Destruction . Necrobutcher cites Motörhead and Venom as the most important influences . In 1985 they gave their first live performance in front of 400 people with the singer Eirik "Messiah" Nordheim. In 1986 they recorded the demo Pure Fucking Armageddon , where Euronymous and Necrobutcher shared the vocals. Their early lyrics were downright violent, similar to the splatter lyrics of Death Metal . Like many other previous Black Metal releases, their demos were also characterized by extremely poor recording quality: The vocals on Pure Fucking Armageddon could hardly be heard, which is why the English magazine Metal Forces assumed that none had been recorded.

1986–1987: Deathcrush and line-up change

Messiah could not identify with the goals of the band and left his fellow musicians. Euronymous and Necrobutcher then accepted singer Sven Erik "Maniac" Kristiansen , who had applied with a demo of his one-man band Septic Cunts, into the band in 1985 and produced another demo and an EP called Deathcrush , which was released in 1987 with a Edition of 1000 copies and was reissued in 1993 for Euronymous' record label Deathlike Silence Productions . Maniac released a semi-official split demo with Vomit on his own label. The band kept their style, but Euronymous's fascination with evil grew stronger. In the summer of 1988, both Manheim and Maniac left the band; The former devoted himself more to his life partner and his work at an insurance company and, according to Euronymous, became a "completely normal person" . To replace them, Torben Grue and Kittil Kittilsen from Vomit got on, but got off again after a short time.

1988-1990: Dead

A short time later their positions were filled by the Swede Per Yngve "Dead" Ohlin , who had previously sung with the Swedish band Morbid , and Jan Axel "Hellhammer" Blomberg , the drummer of Mortem (later Arcturus ), who six months later with Mayhem Started. As his pseudonym suggests, Dead was fascinated by subjects like death, dying and darkness. He quickly became known for his abnormal behavior. Even Euronymous described him as an unstable and possibly schizophrenic personality. He buried clothes for months so that they could wear dilapidated rags when performing. Dead also had a dead, rotting raven in a plastic bag, because he wanted to "breathe the scent of death" before each song . In his private life he practiced "hunger rituals" and cut open his arms on stage shows. With the new members and especially with Dead's fascination for death, the atmosphere of the music changed significantly. The band's lyrics were less about Gore and Splatter than about Satanism , darkness, depression and evil in general. Varg Vikernes later commented on this:

“Until 'Hellhammer' and 'Dead' joined the band in 1989 [sic!] , MAYHEM was a shitty," fun ", hobby band. If you read the lyrics on their 'Deathcrush' album you'll know what I mean. "

“Until Hellhammer and Dead joined the band in 1989 [sic!] , Mayhem was a shitty 'fun' hobby band. If you read the lyrics of their Deathcrush album, you will understand what I mean. "

- Varg Vikernes : Interview in the Greek Metal Hammer , autumn 1997

In this line-up the band should reach the top of their fame. After a few appearances in Norway and together with Eminenz and Manos in Germany, where they recorded live in Leipzig on November 26, 1990 , Mayhem began to work on their first studio album, De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas .

1991-1993: Deads Suizid

On April 8, 1991, at the age of 22, Dead cut his wrists lengthways and then shot himself in the head with a shotgun. Dead's body was found by Euronymous in a back room of the tape house with the parting words “Sorry for all the blood” and a T-shirt with “I ♥ Transylvania ” printed on it. Euronymous photographed the scenery with a Polaroid camera in order to obtain images for later Mayhem publications. One of the photos appeared on the cover of the famous bootleg The Dawn of the Black Hearts - Live in Sarpsborg, NORWAY 28/2/1990 in 1995 . He also collected fragments of bone from the skull and had amulets made from them for various people. He is also said to have eaten parts of Dead's brain , but this is widely regarded as a rumor. Euronymous' handling of Dead's suicide also met with internal criticism. The friend of the band fanzine writer Metalion commented with the suicide of the singer: "This is so when one worships death - why should you mourn when people die?" . For this reason, Necrobutcher decided to leave the band; around that time he also became a father. Euronymous later said that he had become a “completely normal person” who devoted himself to his own family and had nothing to do with Death and Black Metal anymore. The new singer was Stian "Occultus" Johannsen from Abhorrent / Thyabhorrent, but he only stayed with the band for a short time.

As a tribute to Dead, Live in Leipzig was released in 1993 . In the same year, the official recordings of De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas began . Attila Csihar from the Hungarian band Tormentor contributed the vocals and Varg "Count Grishnackh" Vikernes von Burzum played the bass.

1993–1994: Euronymous' Tod & De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas

In the early morning of August 10, 1993, Euronymous was murdered by Vikernes. A persistent argument about a sum of money, envy of Aarseth's evil reputation and a girl are named as motives. Vikernes denies this account and claims that instead Euronymous had plans to lure him to him, knock him out, drive to the country and tie Vikernes to a tree and torture him to death. He wanted to record the whole thing on video for entertainment.

That night, Varg Vikernes drove from Bergen to Oslo with Snorre “Blackthorn” Ruch from the black metal band Thorns to kill Euronymous. Vikernes says he only intended to tell him to stay out of his life - but Euronymous attacked him surprisingly, and Vikernes only had a knife in his hand sooner.

According to the autopsy, the victim suffered two stitches in the head, five in the neck and 16 in the back. Varg Vikernes was caught some time later and sentenced to 21 years in prison for murder in early 1994, and was paroled in 2009; Ruch was sentenced to eight years in prison.

In 1994 De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas was published with a dedication to Euronymous. Relatives of the murdered guitarist delayed the appearance because it contained the bass tracks of the murderer Vikernes. They could still be found on the final release, contrary to rumors that they were later re-recorded by Hellhammer.

1995 – today: Grand Declaration of War , Chimera , Ordo ad chao and Esoteric Warfare

Attila Csihar (2008)

1995 Hellhammer reanimated the band together with Necrobutcher, Maniac and the new guitarist Rune "Blasphemer" Eriksen. With this line-up, the band initially recorded an exclusive version of Pagan Fears for the compilation Nordic Metal - A Tribute to Euronymous by Necropolis Records , and the following year the Celtic-Frost cover Visual Aggression for the tribute album In Memory of Celtic Frost . She also released old recordings with Dead on the singles and EPs Out from the Dark and Freezing Moon .

Her first own release with new recordings was an EP called Wolf's Lair Abyss on Misanthropy Records in 1997 , where several albums by Burzum, the project of Euronymous' murderer Vikernes, were released. The EP was followed by some live performances; the first concert after reunification took place in Bischofswerda together with Eminence and Marduk and was released in 1998 as a video cassette Live in Bischofswerda ; According to Necrobutcher, however, "[t] he sound quality [...] was shitty and we weren't in a particularly good mood," and Robert Müller from Metal Hammer also described the sound as "a single disappointment and [...] even worse on this recording [...] ] than on site back then ”. Müller had also complained about the admission price of the concert with “50 marks for three bands […] never and never justified” and welcomed “that half of the fans expected by the organizer were proud enough not to let themselves be ripped off. They missed a really good concert though. [...] An inviting decoration of bloody cattle skulls formed the framework for the eagerly awaited Mayhem performance. […] Maniac and Hellhammer proved to be absolutely worthy of their noms de guerre. Hellhammer drove the first rows into a frenzy with his extremely tight and super fast drumming. Maniac acted like a less feminine version of Mr. Manson , simulated sexual intercourse with the dead animal heads and made deep cuts on the neck, body and arms with a knife on the last song. ”Another performance took place in Milan together with Csihar and was recorded for the live album Mediolanum capta est , released in 1999. On the England tour, Alexander Nordgaren von Fleurety played as a live guitarist; he also helped out in the rehearsal room, but left the band when he moved to England.

This second phase of the band is viewed ambiguously in the scene. Some welcome this "reunion" and are happy that the attention is now more on their music. Others see this new band as a purely commercial product; in their opinion the band should not have continued without Euronymous; he himself claimed that Mayhem would never go commercial and that he would break up the band as soon as their music entered the mainstream . In addition, the satanic background fell away, Blomberg pointed out that no member of the new cast was a Satanist; therefore the band is accused of having turned away from black metal. Hellhammer also helped out as a guest drummer in the " Unblack Metal " band Antestor , which, due to its orientation, is at odds with several other bands in which he is a member. Euronymous had announced eleven years earlier that the black metal scene would take action against the band then called Crush Evil:

“BUT - when it comes to bands like Crush Evil, we must take serious action. It's bad enough to have a couple of society bands, but a CHRISTIAN band is too much. But don't worry, we have plans. They will not continue for a very long time. "

“BUT - when it comes to bands like Crush Evil, we have to take serious action. It's bad enough to have some social bands, but one CHRISTIAN band is too much. But don't worry, we have plans. You won't go on much longer. "

- Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth :

Even though there were no longer any violent acts like it used to be, some statements cast an ambivalent light on the band. So Hellhammer announced to the Ablaze that “Norway should become a foreigner-free country again” . He does not like foreigners and the "mixing of different races " only creates problems . The group also resorted to National Socialist symbolism, for example by hanging swastika flags in the rehearsal room, using swastika armbands or the symbol of the Nasjonal Samling party as a T-shirt motif, as well as on the single Ancient Skin / Necrolust . Even today there is no mourning for deceased band members; Hellhammer announced in Skogen that Euronymous' death was neither a great loss for him personally nor for the band and that he had always liked and respected Vikernes, and in another interview that he would welcome the deaths of Euronymous and Dead there they would have hindered the band in their development.

The second album Grand Declaration of War was released in 2000 as the last release on the Misanthropy Records label. The first riff on this album is similar to the last on the EP, with which it forms a concept album , which is about a declaration of war on Christianity and depicting scenarios of its destruction. Some adore it as an attempt to redefine Black Metal, others reject it because of the avant-garde electronic elements.

In 2001 the band was honored with a tribute album entitled Originators of the Northern Darkness - A Tribute to Mayhem , on which bands such as Immortal , Vader , Gorgoroth , Absu and Emperor re-enacted pieces by the band. The band also released the DVD European Legions: Live in Marseille 2000 and the compilations European Legions and US Legions ; both contain live recordings (the playlists are almost identical) and pre-production tracks for Grand Declaration of War , “which are advertised as' unpolished and raw versions that give you an idea of ​​what GRAND DECLARATION OF WAR should have sounded like 'are touted ”. Robert Müller remarked sarcastically: “It was really time that Mayhem brought out a live album again” and described the statement about the pre-productions as “an outrage. Obviously our Norwegian Black Metal heroes have so little money or so greed that they have to break their last approximate stroke of genius in the wake of a flood of releases that has only brought us scrap in the last few months. Do I have to mention that the epochal pre-production sounds so dry that I'm glad that a producer had a hand in the album back then? The most amusing thing is that Maniac sounds like Jello Biafra on the non-screeched parts of 'To Daimonion' . And the live songs? All I can say is: LIVE IN LEIPZIG, you at least know why the sound sucks ... "Mayhem's legendary status is" now only surpassed by her business acumen ".

Attila Csihar as Pope at Inferno Metal Festival Norway 2010

Three years later the third album Chimera was released. Mayhem returned to a more raw and brutal style, although the album is of a high production standard and expresses the progressive songwriting tendencies of blasphemers.

In April 2007 the album Ordo Ad Chao was released . The title is a reverse of the Latin ordo ab chao and means something like 'order becomes chaos'. The album is intentionally dull in sound and mixed with very strong reverberation effects and does not stick to previous song or riff structures.

In 2008 Blasphemer left the band to focus on his Ava Inferi project ; The live guitarist was Morfeus from Ancient and Limbonic Art . In late 2008, Life Eternal (a raw and original mix of some of the tracks from De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas' debut ) and the documentary Pure Fucking Mayhem were released .

In 2009 Silmaeth von Vorkreist joined as the second live guitarist. In November members of the band in Tilburg, Holland, were arrested for destroying a hotel room there.

In 2010, the band performed at the Inferno Metal Festival , with former singer Messiah taking over the vocals when Attila Csihar, disguised as a bloodied " leprosy pope", was crucified on stage by hooded men.

On June 6, 2014, the album Esoteric Warfare was released in Europe . The first single, Psywar , was released on April 25, 2014.

In 2019, the album Daemon was released, which received very good reviews.

Discography

Chart positions Explanation of the data

Albums

Chimera   NO 28 15/2004 (1 week) Ordo ad chao   NO 12 17/2007 (3 weeks) Demon   DE 18th 11/15/2019 (1 week)   AT 35 11/22/2019 (1 week)   CH 37 11/17/2019 (1 week) De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas   DE 60 06/12/2020 (1 week)

Demos

• 1986: Pure Fucking Armageddon
• 1987: Deathrehearsal

Albums

• 1994: De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas
• 2000: Grand Declaration of War
• 2004: Chimera
• 2007: Ordo Ad Chao
• 2014: Esoteric Warfare
• 2019: Daemon

Compilations

• 1999: Necrolust / Total Warfare ( split with Zyklon-B )
• 2001: European Legions ( Best-of )
• 2001: US Legions (Best-of)
• 2002: Jihad / Freezing Moon (Split with The Meads of Asphodel )
• 2002: The Studio Experience (Box)
• 2015: A Season in Blasphemy (compilation of the three albums 2000-2007)
• 2016: The Analog Collection ( MC box of albums since 2000)
• 2016: Sathanas / Luciferi (split with Watain )

Live albums

• 1993: Live in Leipzig
• 1999: Mediolanum capta est
• 2001: Live in Marseille 2000
• 2003: Legions of War
• 2016: Live in Zeitz
• 2016: De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas Alive

EPs and singles

• 1987: Deathcrush (self-published, re-published 1993)
• 1996: Out From the Dark (EP)
• 1996: Freezing Moon ( single )
• 1997: Wolf's Lair Abyss (EP)
• 1997: Ancient Skin / Necrolust (single)
• 2008: Life Eternal (EP)
• 2014: Psywar (single)
• 2019: Worthless Abominations Destroyed (Single)

Sampler contributions

• 1991: Carnage (and The Freezing Moon for the CD version ) on Projections of a Stained Mind
• 1995: Pagan Fears on Nordic Metal - A Tribute to Euronymous
• 1996: Visual Aggression on In Memory of Celtic Frost
• 1998: De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas (rehearsal room recording) on A Tribute to Hell - Satanic Rites
• 2003: Cursed in Eternity and Freezing Moon (alternative mixes) on The Beast of Attila
• 2004: Anno Vempyr on Apocalypse

Video albums

• 1998: Live in Bischofswerda
• 2001: European Legions: Live in Marseille 2000
• 2008: Pure Fucking Mayhem (documentary)

Web links

Commons : Mayhem  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website (English)
• Mayhem at Discogs (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} The Dark Past. Archived from the original on June 4, 2007 ; accessed on March 18, 2010 (English). 
2. ↑ Knut Steen: Maniac: 13 years with Norway's most notorious band (Part 1). June 5, 2005, accessed January 8, 2010 . 
3. ↑ Knut Steen: Maniac: 13 år med Norges mest beryktede band. January 21, 2005, accessed January 8, 2010 (Norwegian). 
4. ↑ ^{a b} Mayhem . A Norwegian Attack. In: Morbid Mag . No. 1 , 1987, pp. 28 (English, cultmetal.com [accessed June 28, 2010]). Mayhem ( Memento of the original from March 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ Esa Lahdenpera: Mayhem . Northern Black Metal Legends. In: Kill Yourself !!! Magazines . No. 4 , 1995, p. 44 ( Mayhem ( Memento of February 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed October 8, 2012]).
6. ^ Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann: Clash of the Black Titans . Nocturno Culto (Darkthrone) and Necrobutcher (Mayhem, above) in conversation. In: Rock Hard . No. 269 , October 2009, p. 86 .
7. ↑ news. Archived from the original on June 28, 2007 ; accessed on March 18, 2010 (English). 
8. ↑ news. Archived from the original on September 8, 2007 ; accessed on March 18, 2010 (English). 
9. ^ ^{A b} Metalion : The True Mayhem . In: Rites of Eleusis , No. 2, 1995, p. 6.
10. ↑ ^{a b} Darcey Steinke: SATAN'S CHEERLEADERS ( Memento of the original from January 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Spin , February 1996. 
11. ↑ Tolis Yiovanitis: BURZUM INTERVIEW (METAL HAMMER, GREECE, AUTUMN 1997). (No longer available online.) In: Metal Hammer. 1997, archived from the original on January 12, 2010 ; accessed on April 30, 2010 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
12. ↑ biography .
13. ↑ Heavy Metal Articles: A history of the black metal band Mayhem ( Memento of the original from January 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
14. ^ "Dead" on His Last album cover
15. ↑ Pelly Ynge Ohlin ( Memento of the original from August 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
16. ↑ Pure Fucking Mayhem , 2008.
17. ↑ Michael Moynihan , Didrik Søderlind: Lords of Chaos , First Edition, Feral House 1998, ISBN 0-922915-48-2 , p. 60.
18. ↑ "That's one thing about worshiping death - why worry when people die?" Michael Moynihan, Didrik Søderlind: Lords of Chaos , First Edition, Feral House 1998, ISBN 0-922915-48-2 , p. 57.
19. ↑ Interview with Occultus ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Master of Brutality , No. 2, 1992. 
20. ↑ Kari Laakso: The True Mayhem ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Isten , No. 6, pp. 9ff. 
21. ↑ Varg Vikernes: A Burzum Story: Part II - Euronymous .
22. ↑ Kek: Band History of Eminence. February 1, 2009, archived from the original on April 29, 2009 ; accessed on November 26, 2009 . 
23. ↑ conclusion .... . ... with the "they used to be great", demands Mayhems Necro-Butcher . In: Metal Hammer , December 1998, p. 13.
24. ↑ Robert Müller: Mayhem . Live In Bischofswerda 21st June 1997 . In: Metal Hammer , December 1998, p. 88.
25. ^ Robert Müller: Mayhem + Marduk + Eminence . Bischofswerda . In: Metal Hammer , August 1997, p. 127.
26. ↑ Aaron Patrick Mulvany: “REAWAKENING PRIDE ONCE LOST”: INDIGENEITY AND EUROPEAN FOLK METAL . Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, May 2000, p. 104.
27. ^ ^{A b} Kai Mathias Stalhammar: Algaion interview .
28. ↑ Velingor: SOLSTICE ( Memento of the original from September 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . 
29. ↑ ^{a b} Manuel Boss: Black Metal Cult since 1991!  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .  
30. ^ The Roots of Darkness - A brief history of the Norwegian Black Metal movement .
31. ↑ Interview with Euronymous - BEAT # 2 .
32. ↑ Dan Zimmer: Interview with Hellhammer taken from Sounds Of Death Magazine. 1998, archived from the original on August 23, 2007 ; accessed on March 18, 2010 (English). 
33. ↑ Dmitry Basik: Interview with Hellhammer conducted by Dmitry Basik June 1998. 1998, archived from the original on August 23, 2007 ; accessed on March 18, 2010 (English). 
34. ↑ Bård G. Eithun : Interview with Euronymous, done by Faust from Emperor for his zine Orcustus. In: Orcustus. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007 ; accessed on January 15, 2010 (English). 
35. ↑ Brother Clé: Myths, Murder & Metal . In: Ablaze . No. 6 (September / October), 1995, pp. 13 .
36. ↑ Arild J. Waagbø: planla å åpne "Helvete" igjen . In: Dagbladet . August 11, 1993 (Norwegian).
37. ↑ Mayhem: I Love Transylvania ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Bootleg, 1999. 
38. ↑ Mayhem: Ancient Skin / Necrolust ( Memento of the original from October 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , black vinyl. 
39. ↑ Mayhem: Ancient Skin / Necrolust ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , red vinyl. 
40. ↑ Mayhem . In: Skogen , No. 1, 1994, p. 58.
41. ↑ Björn Thorsten Jaschinski: Another Edition Of Pure Metal Mayhem. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 7, 2016 ; Retrieved March 18, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
42. ↑ Robert Müller: Mayhem . European Legions . In: Metal Hammer , August 2001, p. 88.
43. ↑ Robert Müller: Mayhem . European Legions - Live in Marseille 2000 . In: Metal Hammer , June 2001, p. 104.
44. ↑ Mayhem (Official). Retrieved March 18, 2010 . 
45. ↑ Arlette Huguenin: MAYHEM: Pure Fucking Mayhem .
46. ↑ Dennis Piller: Metal1.info - News: Mayhem imprisoned in Holland. November 16, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009 . 
47. ↑ ^{a b} Melanie Aschenbrenner, Anja Müller-Lochner, Gunnar Sauermann, Thomas Sonder: The next century . In: Metal Hammer . Axel Springer Mediahouse GmbH, Berlin May 2010, p. 122 .
48. ↑ Chart sources: Norway Germany Austria Switzerland