Michail Michailowitsch Schulz

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Michail Michailowitsch Schulz with a glass electrode (1951)

Michail Michailowitsch Schulz ( Russian Михаил Михайлович Шульц ; born July 1, 1919 in Petrograd , † October 9, 2006 in St. Petersburg ) was a Russian physical chemist and university professor .

Life

Schulz was the son of the naval officer Michail Alexandrowitsch Schulz (1896–1954), who served in the Black Sea Fleet from 1920 during the Russian Civil War , was sentenced in 1925 to 10 years in a labor camp on the Solovetsky Islands , and in 1937 as an activist in the construction of the Moscow-Volga channel was released and rehabilitated in 1991, and his wife, Yelena Sergeyevna born Barssukowa that at Nicholas Roerich and Alfred Rudolfowitsch Eberling had studied. The grandfather was the governorate - tester , pantheist and faunist Alexander Ivanovich Schulz (1870-1935), whose first wife was Ekaterina Lachinova, the daughter of the physicist Dmitri Alexandrovich Lachinov . The great-grandfather Ivan Alexandrowitsch Schulz (1843-1912) was a colonel and a member of the St. Petersburg city duma with voting rights . The great-great-grandfather Alexander Iwanowitsch Schulz (1809-1852) worked for the historian and archaeologist Alexander Leontjewitsch Maier . The German ancestor Anton Schulz and Schultz was a sculptor and Medaillist in Copenhagen and came at the invitation of Peter I for St. Petersburg . Schulz was the nephew of the artist and philosopher Lev Alexandrowitsch Schulz and half-nephew of the sculptor Gawriil Alexandrowitsch Schulz .

After his father's conviction, Schulz lived as the son of a class enemy with his mother and sister, first in Porchow and then in Staraya Russa , where he graduated from secondary school with honors in 1937. He could now after Leningrad return, he that the study on the chemistry - Faculty of Leningrad University (LGU) began. In addition, according to his artistic talent, he was a consultant and non-scheduled employee of the Russian Museum . In 1938 he joined the All-Russian Mendeleev Chemical Society.

In 1941, after the beginning of the German-Soviet War , he volunteered for the Red Army and, as Nadporutschik, became chief of a chemical service battalion. At the front he met the telegraph operator and later teacher Nina Dmitrijewna Paromowa, who became his wife. In 1944 he became a candidate of the CPSU and in 1946 a member. He no longer belonged to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation .

In 1947 Schulz graduated from the LGU with honors and was then an aspirant with Boris Petrovich Nikolski . With his dissertation on the investigation of the function of sodium in glass electrodes , he received his doctorate in 1951 as a candidate in the chemical sciences . In 1953 he became a lecturer at the chair for physical chemistry at the LGU. He carried out thermodynamic studies of heterogeneous systems together with his second teacher Alexei Wassiljewitsch Storonkin , who had founded the chair for the theory of solutions . 1956 Schulz became head of the laboratory for electrochemistry of the glass of the chemistry research institute of the LGU (until 1972). In 1965 he received his doctorate in chemical sciences and was appointed professor with his dissertation on the suitability of glasses for electrodes . In 1967 he became dean of the chemistry faculty at LGU.

Michail Michailowitsch Schulz (Gawriil Alexandrowitsch Schulz, 1969)

Schulz was based on the work of Dmitri Iwanowitsch Mendelejew, Evgeni Wladislawowitsch Biron , Iwan Fyodorowitsch Ponomarjow , Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kurnakow and Gustav Tammann . He translated Henry Le Chatelier's La silice et les silicates , with whom he was in contact. Schulz was the author of fundamental works in the field of theoretical thermodynamics, the thermodynamics of heterogeneous systems, the chemistry and electrochemistry of glasses and membranes , the theory of ion exchangers and phase equilibria in multi-component systems and the theory of glass electrodes. His name carry more than 650 publications, and his inventions led to pH meters and Ionometern and many applications in all areas of science and technology, including medicine , nuclear engineering , aerospace - and space technology and agriculture . He formulated the general conditions for a stable Gibbs equilibrium in heterogeneous systems (1954). To measure the chemical potential of a component, he and Storonkin developed the method of the third component (Schulz-Storonkin method). He used the mass spectrometry , EMF measurements and calorimetry to study the thermodynamic properties of silicate -, borate - germanate - and phosphate - melts at high temperatures.

In 1972 Schulz became director of the 1948 by Ilya Wassiljewitsch Grebenschtschikow together with Pyotr Petrowitsch Budnikow , Alexander Alexejewitsch Lebedew , Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Katschalow , Yevgeny Fyodorowitsch Gross and Iwan Fyodorowitsch Ponomarjow (USSR Academy of the Soviet Union Grebenshchikov Institute for the USSR Silikov Institute to the 1998 (from 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences ) and corresponding member of the AN-SSSR. From 1975 to 1990 he was editor-in-chief of the journal for physics and chemistry of glass. In 1978 he was a member of the program committee of the 1st International Otto Schott Colloquium at the University of Jena in memory of Ernst Abbe with Werner Vogel and Norbert Kreidl from the USA . Schulz also worked with Horst Scholze . 1979 Schulz became a real member of the AN-SSSR. Schulz was recognized worldwide, so that in 1979 the Soviet Union was included in the International Commission on Glass (ICG) founded in 1933 . In 1989 Schulz was President of the 15th International Congress on Glass in Leningrad. In 1990 he became chairman of the Section for Physical and Colloid Chemistry of the Central Administration of the Mendeleev Society for Chemistry. In 1995 he became president of the Russian Ceramic Society (until 2002). On his 80th birthday in St. Petersburg on 7th – 9th In September 1999 the international conference on thermodynamics and the chemical structure of melts and glasses took place.

In addition to his scientific work, Schulz has always been active as an artist since his youth .

Honors, prizes

In 2001, Putin thanked Schulz for his contribution to the development of national science and the training of highly qualified personnel.

Works

  • Engineer Palace (1960)

  • Engineer Palace II (1960)

  • Investor (1968)

  • Bus Stop 1 (1968)

  • Thunderstorm on Vasilyevsky Island (1969)

  • Evening in Klaipėda (1970)

  • Coils (1973)

  • Heaven over the Seine (1975, fragment)

  • Paris in the Haze (1976)

  • Thaw (1978)

  • Wind (1987)

  • Herbsthain 2 (1995)

Web links

Commons : Michail Michailowitsch Schulz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Great Soviet Encyclopedia : Шульц Михаил Михайлович.
  2. ↑ Mikhail Mikhailovich Shultz (On the Occasion of His Eighty-Fifth Birthday) . In: Glass Physics and Chemistry . tape 30 , no. 5 , 2004, p. 365-366 .
  3. ↑ a b c d University of St. Petersburg: Михаил Михайлович Шульц (accessed on March 20, 2018).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Heroes of the country: Шульц Михаил Михайлович (accessed on March 20, 2018).
  5. ↑ RUSARTNET: Gavriil Schultz (accessed March 19, 2018).
  6. ↑ Немцы в России. Люди и судьбы. Сборник статей . Дмитрий Буланин, St. Petersburg 1998, p. 273 .
  7. ↑ Шульц М. М .: Исследование натриевой функции стеклянных электродов . In: Учёные записки ЛГУ № 169. Серия химических наук . No. 13 , 1953, pp. 80-156 .
  8. ↑ Шульц М. М .: Электродные свойства стёкол. Автореферат диссертации на соискание учёной степени доктора химических наук . Изд. ЛГУ, Leningrad 1964.
  9. ↑ А. В. Сторонкин, В. Т. Жаров: Вопросы термодинамики гетерогенных систем и теории поверхностных явлений . Издательство ЛГУ, Leningrad 1979, p. 222 .
  10. ↑ International Commission on Glass (accessed March 20, 2018).
  11. ^ Thermodynamics and the Chemical structure of Melts and Glasses. In honor of Academician Mikhail M. Shultz on the occasion of his 80th birthday. - International conference: Russian Academy of Sciences. Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry (RAS). September 7-9, 1999. St. Petersburg. 1999.
  12. ↑ РАСПОРЯЖЕНИЕ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ О ПООЩРЕНИИ ШУЛЬЦА М.М. (accessed on March 20, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Schulz, Michail Michailowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schultz. Mihail Mihailovich; Шульц, Михаил Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physical chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH July 1, 1919
PLACE OF BIRTH Petrograd
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 2006
Place of death St. Petersburg