Ostashkov

city Ostashkov Осташков flag coat of arms Federal district Central Russia Oblast Tver Rajon Ostashkov mayor Ivan Pavlov Founded 1587 City since 1770 surface 13  km² population 18,088 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1391 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 210  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 48235 Post Code 172730-172749 License Plate 69 OKATO 28 245 501 Website ostashkovadm.ru Geographical location Coordinates 57 ° 8 '  N , 33 ° 7'  E Coordinates: 57 ° 8 '0 "  N , 33 ° 7' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Tver Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Ostashkow ( Russian Осташков ) is a city in Tver Oblast ( Russia ) with 18,088 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The city is located in the Valdai Heights about 190 km west of the oblast capital Tver on a peninsula on the south bank of Lake Seliger , which east of the city has a drain to the Volga with the Selischarowka . Ostashkow is administratively directly subordinate to the Oblast and at the same time the administrative center of the Rajon of the same name .

The city is located on the railway line Bologoje - Velikije Luki (- Belarusian border) opened in 1907 (route kilometers 112).

history

A settlement of Klitschen on the northern island of the same name in Lake Seliger, which is now connected to the city by a bridge, was first mentioned in 1371 in a document from the Lithuanian Grand Duke Algirdas to the Patriarch of Constantinople Philotheus as a border town of the Grand Duchy of Moscow .

After the conquest and destruction of the place by the Novgorodians in 1393, one of the few survivors, the fisherman Ostashko (popularly diminutive for Evstafi , Russian form of the Greek Eustaphios ) founded the on the mainland, the peninsula opposite the island of Klitschen (now also Klitschno) Ostashkovo village . This later belonged to the Moscow Patriarchate . Another village, Timofejewo , founded by a Timofei , fell to the Wolokolamsk Joseph Monastery (both villages mentioned in 1434).

The two villages developed into trading settlements , which were fortified in 1587 and collectively called Ostaschkowski gorodok ( Ostaschkower town ). In 1770 the town charter was granted under its current name, from 1772 as the administrative center of a district (Ujesds). This belonged briefly to the Novgorod governorate , from 1775 to the Tver governorate .

In the 1930s, the Soviet secret police NKVD set up camps for opponents of the regime in several previously expropriated monasteries near Ostashkow. In the autumn of 1939 , more than 16,000 Polish officers and soldiers, police officers, border guards and prison guards were interned in the Ostashkow special camp , which was located in the expropriated Nilow monastery , after the Red Army marched into eastern Poland on September 17 as a result of Ribbentrop-Molotow Pact were taken prisoner by the Soviets . Around 6,300 of them, mostly police and judicial officers, were transported by train to Kalinin between the beginning of April and mid-May 1940 and shot there by the NKVD. The location of the mass graves was not known until 1990. The mass murder of prisoners in the Ostashkov special camp took place at the same time and under the same circumstances as the Katyn massacre . The victims are recorded on the official Polish "Katyn List" (Lista Katyńska), which also includes the Polish officers from the Starobilsk POW camp who were shot near Kharkiv .

Not far from the city was the prisoner of war camp 41 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War . In October 1947 the camp was added to POW camp 384 , Kalinin (today's Tver ). In addition, there was a prisoner-of-war hospital in Ostashkov in 1246 for the seriously ill. It was responsible for camp 41 and camp 216 in Vyshni Volotschok . There were around 1,800 graves in a prisoner-of-war cemetery.

Population development

year	Residents
1897	10,445
1926	12,900
1939	19.003
1959	19,542
1970	23,419
1979	24,380
1989	27.401
2002	20,660
2010	18,088
2019	15,666

Note: census data (1926 rounded)

Culture and sights

Museum of local history in Ostashkov

Trinity Cathedral in Ostashkov (1697)

Ostashkov is considered one of the most outstanding examples of small Russian provincial towns, the original architecture of which is also relatively well preserved. The city was laid out according to plans by the Saint Petersburg architect Ivan Starow from 1772 with regular street layout and predominantly classicist buildings.

Sights include the Resurrection Cathedral ( Воскресенский собор / Voskresensky Sobor) of 1689, the Holy Trinity Cathedral ( Троицкий собор / Troitsky sobor) from 1697, the Monastery of the Mother of God of the sign ( Знаменский монастырь / Znamensky monastyr) of 1673 (extensions and conversions of the 1730s and 1880) with the Assumption Cathedral ( Вознесенский собор / Voznesensky sobor) 1730-1748 and the Schitenny monastery ( Житенный монастырь / Schitenny monastyr) of 1716 with the mother of God of Smolensk Cathedral (short Смоленский собор / Smolenski sobor) on the Klitschen / Klitschno island from 1737 to 1743, as well as the so-called town hall from 1720.

About 10 kilometers north of the city (as the crow flies) is the famous Nilow Monastery on Stolobny Island in Lake Seliger .

There has been a local museum in Ostashkov since 1889, and the Museum of Nature in the Seliger area in the village of Rogosha , 10 kilometers away .

economy

Ostashkov harbor

Ostashkov is the center of tourism on Lake Seliger, one of the most popular holiday areas in central and western Russia.

There are also companies in the light and food industry (leather processing, meat and fish processing , brewery ).

sons and daughters of the town

• Sawwa Jakowlew (1712–1784), entrepreneur, industrialist and patron
• Konstantin Saslonow (1910–1942), railroad worker, partisan and hero of the Soviet Union
• Yevgeny Schmagin (* 1949), Russian diplomat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Claudia Weber: War of the perpetrators. The Katyn mass shootings. Hamburg 2015, p. 34.
3. ^ Tadeusz Pieńkowski: Droga Polskich Żołnierzy do Katynia, Miednoje, Piatichatek i ...? Warszawa 2000, pp. 5-7.
4. ↑ Lista Katyńska ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ↑ Maschke, Erich (Ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.

Web links

Commons : Ostashkov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Rajon and City Administration website (Russian)
• Ostashkov on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Ostaschkow am Seliger: 100 kilometers of lakes on Russia Beyond the Headlines: News from Russia