Philip Taylor

Philip Taylor (* 1786 in Norwich ; † July 1, 1870 in Marseille-Sainte-Marguerite ) was an English engineer and entrepreneur .

Life

Philip Taylor was the fourth son of the entrepreneur, poet and composer of Unitarian hymns John Taylor (1750–1826) and his wife Susanna nee. Cook (1755-1823). His siblings were the editor Richard Taylor (1781-1858) (founder of the publishing house Taylor & Francis ), the composer Edward Taylor (1784-1863) (professor at Gresham College ), the mining engineer John Taylor (1779-1863) and the translator Sarah Austin (1793-1867).

Philip Taylor lived 1801-1805 with his brother John, who worked for a copper mine in West Devon . Hence the later acquaintance with the engineer Arthur Woolf . Then he was sent to Tavistock to study with a doctor . However, he returned to Norwich and worked as a druggist. He then went into business for himself and built up a company for the manufacture of wooden pill boxes. For the first few copies, he used a small lathe powered by a turnspit dog .

In 1812 Taylor became a partner of his brother John, who had built a chemical company in Stratford (London) . Initially, Philip Taylor was in charge of the medicines and equipment, while his brother took care of the metallurgy . A common invention was the acetometer for measuring the vinegar content and monitoring the excise duty on vinegar .

In 1815 Taylor obtained a patent for the gasification of animal oil . In 1821 he founded the Bow Gas Company with his brothers . Its managing director and press spokesman was Moses Ricardo, brother of the economist David Ricardo . In 1822 Taylor tried unsuccessfully to introduce his oil gas in Paris . In 1823 there was fierce competition between coal and oil- gas lighting , which led to financial problems. He developed a system for lighting buildings with oil gas or naphtha , for which he obtained a patent in 1824 for an apparatus for producing gas from various substances. Operations manager Tai developed a telescopic gas container and John Frederic Daniell developed the final process for producing oil gas. Oil gas was attractive in whaling ports because of the offerings from Tran , and the poet Walter Scott used it in his Abbotsford home . In 1825 Taylor established his oil gas system in Dublin and the Royal Opera House was converted to oil gas, but there were explosions. In 1827, based on a patent from Daniell, he constructed an apparatus for the extraction of resin gas , an oil gas from rosin . While oil gas was used in New York until 1828, it was eventually replaced everywhere by the more economical coal gas.

From 1816 to 1827 Taylor participated in a plant with a foundry for the construction of steam engines , gas generators and pumps . He was particularly interested in high pressure steam boilers . In 1816 and 1818 he obtained patents for the use of high pressure steam and in 1824 a patent for a horizontal steam engine. A standard factory steam engine was widely used. A steam boiler and a steam engine was to Marc Seguin sold for the Rhone - Steamboat -Gesellschaft worked.

In 1821 Taylor helped Marc Isambard Brunel , who had run into financial difficulties, and became a director of the Thames Tunnel Company , from which he withdrew in 1825. In 1825 he took part in the British Iron Company and obtained a patent for iron manufacture. He was also committed to the use of steam in the sugar industry, in beer brewing and in the Hawes soap works .

After financial problems of the British Iron Company , Taylor was in 1828 in Paris down, set up a mechanical clock mode and filed a patent for a hot blast stove for blowing preheated air into the blast furnace at. This patent was disputed because James Beaumont Neilson and Charles Macintosh had already applied for such a patent in London , so that Taylor only obtained his patent in 1832 shortly before its expiry. He introduced wind heating in the factories in Vienne and La Voulte-sur-Rhône .

In 1834 Taylor proposed to King Louis-Philippe I a water supply from Paris with a tunnel from the Marne to a hill in Ivry-sur-Seine , but nothing came of that. In 1834 he also took part in a flour mill in Marseille , which he equipped with the necessary machinery. In the sugar factory he introduced filtration to improve local production. In Menpenti in 1835 he and his sons Philip Meadows and Robert founded a machine factory for the manufacture of steam engines and marine engines. In 1845 he bought the Chantiers de la Seyne shipyard in La Seyne-sur-Mer , which developed successfully. In 1846 he became a partner of the Marseille ironworks owner Amédée Armand for the large-scale construction of steam boilers, for which he hired British engineers and skilled workers, including the locomotive engineer William Adams , the electrical engineer Fleeming Jenkin and the designer Robert Whitehead .

From 1847 to 1852 Taylor resided in Sampierdarena . There he founded the locomotive factory Taylor & Prandi in 1846 at the invitation of the government of the Kingdom of Sardinia together with the Turin businessman Fortunato Prandi , from which the technology company Ansaldo emerged . Due to political problems and poor demand, Taylor returned to Marseille. Due to his poor health, he handed over his shipyard in La-Seyne-sur-Mer to a consortium in 1855 .

Taylor was best known to include John Loudon McAdam , James Nasmyth , Henry Maudslay , Robert Stephenson , Michael Faraday , Charles Wheatstone , Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac , François Arago, and Jean-Baptiste Say . He boasted of having taken the first steamship at sea, seen the first steam engine start operating, and watched Wheatstone's first electrical telegraphy experiments at Somerset House .

Taylor was married and had eight children.

Honors

literature

John Goldworth Alger: Taylor, Philip . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 55: Stow - Taylor. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1898, pp. 456 - 457 (English).
R. Angus Buchanan (Ed.): Engineers and Engineering. Papers of the Rolt Fellows . Bath University Press 1996. ISBN 0861971183 , pp.?.
Olivier Raveux: Marseille, ville des métaux et de la vapeur au XIXe siècle . ISBN 2271055598 , CNRS 1998, pp.? ..

Individual evidence

↑ AW Skempton , MM Chrimes, RC Cox, PSM Cross-Rudkin, RW Rennison, EC Ruddock (Eds.): A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: 1500 to 1830 . Thomas Telford, 2002, p. 434. ISBN 978-0-7277-2939-2 .
^ John Ayrton Paris: The elements of medical chemistry . W. Phillips, George Yard, Lombard 1825; T. and G. Underwood, Fleet Street; W. and C. Tait, Edinburgh; Hodges and McArthur, Dublin. P. 509.
^ David Ricardo: The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo: Volume 10, Biographical Miscellany . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1955, ISBN 978-0-521-06075-2 , p. 56; William Matthews: An historical sketch of the origin and progress of gas-lighting . Simpkin & Marshall 1832, p. 127.
^ ^A ^b Philip Meadows Taylor: A Memoir of the family of Taylor of Norwich (1886), pp. 52-54; The London Journal of Arts and Sciences. Sherwood, Neely, and Jones. 1824. p. 211.
^ Newton, William: On Daniel's Patent Apparatus for Generating Gas from Rosin, as constructed by Mr. Martineau, for the London Institution, where it is in constant use . In: The London Journal of Arts and Sciences . tape 2 . Sherwood & Co., London 1828, p. 316-320 (English, full text in Google Book Search [accessed November 25, 2018]).
↑ The London Gazette, 18570, 768 (April 24, 1829).
^ ^A ^b William Otto Henderson: JC Fischer and his diary of industrial England, 1814-1851 . Routledge 2006, ISBN 978-0-415-38224-3 , pp. 27-28.
^ WO Henderson: The Genesis of the Common Market . Psychology Press 1985, ISBN 978-0-7146-1317-8 , pp. 11ff.
↑ Xavier Daumalin, Olivier Raveux: Marseille (1831-1865) Une révolution industrial entre Europe du Nord et Méditerranée . In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales , Volume 56, No. 1 (2001), pp. 153-176.

personal data
SURNAME	Taylor, Philip
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	English engineer and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH	1786
PLACE OF BIRTH	Norwich
DATE OF DEATH	July 1, 1870
Place of death	Marseille-Sainte-Marguerite

[ske-1] AW Skempton , MM Chrimes, RC Cox, PSM Cross-Rudkin, RW Rennison, EC Ruddock (Eds.): A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: 1500 to 1830 . Thomas Telford, 2002, p. 434. ISBN 978-0-7277-2939-2 .

[2] John Ayrton Paris: The elements of medical chemistry . W. Phillips, George Yard, Lombard 1825; T. and G. Underwood, Fleet Street; W. and C. Tait, Edinburgh; Hodges and McArthur, Dublin. P. 509.

[3] David Ricardo: The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo: Volume 10, Biographical Miscellany . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1955, ISBN 978-0-521-06075-2 , p. 56; William Matthews: An historical sketch of the origin and progress of gas-lighting . Simpkin & Marshall 1832, p. 127.

[phi-4] A ^b Philip Meadows Taylor: A Memoir of the family of Taylor of Norwich (1886), pp. 52-54; The London Journal of Arts and Sciences. Sherwood, Neely, and Jones. 1824. p. 211.

[Newton1828-5] Newton, William: On Daniel's Patent Apparatus for Generating Gas from Rosin, as constructed by Mr. Martineau, for the London Institution, where it is in constant use . In: The London Journal of Arts and Sciences . tape 2 . Sherwood & Co., London 1828, p. 316-320 (English, full text in Google Book Search [accessed November 25, 2018]).

[6] The London Gazette, 18570, 768 (April 24, 1829).

[wil-7] A ^b William Otto Henderson: JC Fischer and his diary of industrial England, 1814-1851 . Routledge 2006, ISBN 978-0-415-38224-3 , pp. 27-28.

[8] WO Henderson: The Genesis of the Common Market . Psychology Press 1985, ISBN 978-0-7146-1317-8 , pp. 11ff.

[9] Xavier Daumalin, Olivier Raveux: Marseille (1831-1865) Une révolution industrial entre Europe du Nord et Méditerranée . In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales , Volume 56, No. 1 (2001), pp. 153-176.