Philipp Reinhard (Hanau-Munzenberg)
Philipp Reinhard von Hanau (born August 2, 1664 in Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg ; † October 4, 1712 at Philippsruhe Castle ) ruled the county of Hanau-Münzenberg from 1680 to 1712 .
Childhood and youth
Philipp Reinhard was born in 1664 in Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg (today: Rheinbischofsheim ) as the child of Johann Reinhard II von Hanau-Lichtenberg and the Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld . His father died in 1666. The guardianship for him and his younger brother was then taken over by his mother and his uncle, Duke Christian II of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1654–1717).
| Pedigree of Count Philipp Reinhard von Hanau | ||||||
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| Great grandparents |
Johann Reinhard I. von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1569; † 1625) |
Ludwig Eberhard von Öttingen-Öttingen (* 1577; † 1634) |
Karl I von Pfalz-Birkenfeld (* 1560; † 1600) |
Johann II of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (* 1578; † 1607) |
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| Grandparents |
Philipp Wolfgang von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1595; † 1641) |
Christian I. von Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (* 1598; † 1654) |
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| parents |
Johann Reinhard II von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1628; † 1666) |
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Philipp Reinhard |
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For the family cf. Main article: Hanau (noble family)
The training took place together with the younger brother, Johann Reinhard III. initially in Strasbourg . In 1678 they came to Babenhausen , where their mother lived at that time. In 1679 they were sent on a cavalier tour through the Palatinate , Alsace , Switzerland and Geneva . In 1680 they went to Savoy and Turin for a year , in 1681 to Paris , in 1683 to the Netherlands and England . This was followed by a tour of the French province. At the beginning of 1684 they were in Milan and then for the Carnival in Venice . A trip to Rome followed (with audiences with Pope Innocent XII and Queen Christine of Sweden ), Naples , Florence , Modena , Parma and Mantua . In 1686 they presented themselves together at the imperial court in Vienna , on the way back they traveled through Bohemia and to Dresden to the Saxon court.
government
politics
Philipp Reinhard arrived on May 24th / 3. June 1680 at the age of 16 in the county of Hanau-Munzenberg after the family had ousted his uncle and predecessor in the government, Count Friedrich Casimir, after financially ruinous escapades. Since Philipp Reinhard was still a minor when he took office , his guardians acted. The county of Hanau-Lichtenberg took over, also in 1680, his younger brother Johann Reinhard III. During this division, the Babenhausen office was finally added to the Hanau-Munzenberg region through a contract in 1691. 1687 was Johann Reinhard III. of legal age and took over the government independently. The final settlement with Duke Christian II of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld about the guardianship took place in 1691.
Philipp Reinhard's reign was characterized by a deliberate territorial and financial policy that tried to repair the damage caused by the Thirty Years War and the reign of his predecessor.
Foreign policy
In 1692 Philipp Reinhard was elected permanent director of the Wetterau Empire Counts College .
In 1704 Philipp Reinhard received the Order of the Black Eagle from King Friedrich I of Prussia; the investiture did not take place until 1710, for which he traveled to Berlin. In 1711 he received Emperor Karl VI. in Hanau on its passage to Frankfurt am Main for the coronation .
The efforts in terms of territorial policy were not very successful. Above all, the Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel was not willing to surrender the Hanau territories pledged to him, the Schwarzenfels office and the winery with the Naumburg . However, smaller pledges were redeemed, such as the Konradsdorf monastery . There was a rounding-off area swap with Isenburg, in which Philipp Reinhard exchanged parts of Hain in the Dreieich for parts of Dudenhofen . He also bought the Gronauer Hof , which had previously belonged to the Ilbenstadt monastery .
Domestic politics
Again under his government, as 100 years earlier under Count Philip Ludwig II , there was immigration of religious refugees, especially after Louis XIV annulled the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and after the Waldensian persecution in Savoy. The admission of the refugees was also a humanitarian act, but also served primarily to strengthen the economic position of the county. The Waldensians only stayed in Hanau temporarily.
Elevation to the prince's rank
In the older literature it is repeatedly claimed that Philipp Reinhard achieved the dignity of prince . However, this is not the case. In the archival documents, neither those of Hanau's provenance in the Hessian State Archives in Marburg nor those of the Austrian House, Court and State Archives in Vienna, there are documents about this, neither about the actual award act nor about the related payments. Although it can be proven that Philipp Reinhard aspired to this title, he never held it; that would have been a most peculiar behavior, had the corresponding efforts and expenses paid off.
Culture
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In 1701, Philipp Reinhard began building a new summer palace in the west, at the gates of his residence city of Hanau , in the outskirts of the village of Kesselstadt , the Philippsruhe Palace named after him . The construction of the new Marstall of the City Palace in Hanau (later: Stadthalle Hanau, today: Congress Park Hanau), fell during his reign in 1712. One building that he began and was able to complete was the office building opposite the Hanau City Palace, which until a few months ago housed the city library.
family
On 17./27. On February 1689, Philipp Reinhard married his cousin Magdalena Claudine (* September 16, 1668; † November 28, 1704), daughter of Count Palatine Christian II of Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (* June 22, 1637; † April 26, 1717). The dowry was 18,000 guilders . From this marriage emerged:
- Stillborn (1691), buried in the crypt of the Lutheran Church (today: Alte Johanneskirche) in Hanau;
- Stillbirth (1693);
- Magdalene Katharine von Hanau (* 6/16 June 1695, † 9/19 December 1695), buried in the crypt of the Lutheran Church in Hanau.
After the death of his first wife, Philipp Reinhard got engaged to Elisabeth Louise Christine von Bechtoldsheim, known as von Mauchenheim , a lady-in-waiting of his first wife, whom he wanted to marry after he wanted to improve his status . However, this was rejected by the count's family as well as by consulted councilors as contrary to class, whereupon the engagement was broken and the lady was compensated with money.
On December 26, 1705, Philipp Reinhard married Charlotte Wilhelmine (* June 4/14, 1685 - April 5, 1767), daughter of Duke Johann Ernst of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld . The dowry was also 18,000 guilders. This second marriage remained childless.
death
Philipp Reinhard died on October 4th, 1712 in Philippsruhe Palace. He was buried in the family crypt in the Lutheran Church (today: Johanneskirche ) in Hanau. The crypt was destroyed in the bombing of World War II. His second wife, Charlotte Wilhelmine, survived him by 55 years.
He was inherited by his younger brother, Johann Reinhard III., Who had ruled the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg until then. Under him, the two Hanau counties were united in one hand for the last time.
literature
- Reinhard Dietrich : The state constitution in Hanau. = Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 34. Hanau 1996. ISBN 3-9801933-6-5
- Samuel Endemann: Travels of the two counts Philipp Reinhard and Johann Reinhard von Hanau. In: Hanauisches Magazin. 3. 1780, 36th, 37th, 41st, 45th – 47th. Piece.
- Uta Löwenstein: The county of Hanau from the end of the 16th century until the attack on Hesse . In: New Magazine for Hanau History 2005, p. 11ff.
- Reinhard Suchier : Genealogy of the Hanauer count house. In: Festschrift of the Hanau History Association for its 50th anniversary celebration on August 27, 1894. Hanau 1894.
- Richard Wille: The last counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg. In: Communications from the Hanau District Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies. 12, Hanau 1886, pp. 56-68.
- Ernst Julius Zimmermann : Hanau city and country. 3rd edition, Hanau 1919, ND 1978.
Individual evidence
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Friedrich Casimir |
Count of Hanau-Münzenberg 1680–1712 |
Johann Reinhard III. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Philipp Reinhard |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hanau-Münzenberg, Philipp Reinhard von (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Count of Hanau-Munzenberg |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 2, 1664 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bischofsheim on the high bridge |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 4, 1712 |
| Place of death | Philippsruhe Castle |