Philippe II de Montaut-Bénac

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Philippe de Montaut-Bénac de Navailles
Coat of arms of Philippe de Montault-Bénac

Philippe II. De Montaut-Bénac , duc de Navailles (* 1619 ; † February 5, 1684 in Paris ), was a Maréchal de France , Peer of France , Knight of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit and the Ordre de Saint-Michel , vicomte de Lavedan , marquis de Bénac (Hautes-Pyrénées department), etc.

Life

He was the son of Philippe I. de Montaut (1579 to 1654), baron de Bénac, seigneur de Navailles, duc de Lavedan, pair de France, and Judith de Gontaut, dame de Saint Geniès et de Badefol and was raised Protestant.

At the age of 14 he became a page with Cardinal Richelieu . At his request, he converted to the Catholic faith 18 months later.

In December 1660 he acquired the Château de La Valette with its lands in the Angoumois as well as its title and dignity of Duc d'Épernon and from then on led it under the name "Duché-pairie de Montaut".

On December 31, 1661 he was awarded the Ordre du Saint-Esprit.

In 1664 he was exiled from the royal court to his estates in the country because of his wife.

family

He married on February 19, 1651 Suzanne de Beaudéan-Parabère (* 1627, † February 15, 1700), daughter of Charles, comte de Neuillan, governor of Niort . She was Anna of Austria's maid and confidante of Mazarin . In 1660 she was appointed lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie-Thérèse and the guardian of the ladies-in- waiting . She lost this position in June 1664 because she stood in the way of the king's amorous adventures. Her husband was forced to give up his post as governor of Havre and command of his company of the Chevau-Legers of the Guard , and to give up his pensions. Two years later, Anna of Austria obtained the king's pardon for the duke and duchess.

The couple had seven children:

  • Charlotte Françoise Radegonde, from November 1680 Abbesse of the Abbaye Sainte-Croix de Poitiers († February 12, 1696)
  • Françoise (1653 to 1717), married Charles III on August 25, 1684 . d'Elbeuf (she was his third wife)
  • Philippe III. (1656 to 1678), marquis de Navailles and von Bénac, colonel in the Régiment de Navailles. He fell as Brigadier des armées du roi in 1678 in the battle near Puigcerdà .
  • Gabrielle-Éléonore (1657 to 1698), married Henri II. D'Orléans-Longueville, marquis de Rothelin in 1675
  • Henriette, Abbesse de La Saussaye (near Paris)
  • Gabrielle, married Léonard-Hélie de Pompadour, marquis de Laurière in 1686
  • Gabrielle the younger, nun

Military career

  • Navailles fought in the following wars:
Thirty Years' War
Ten Years War in Franche-Comté (1634 to 1644)
Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659)
War of the Fronde
War of devolution
War for Crete ( Candie )
Dutch War
  • During his military career he held the following commands:
Governor of Bapaume (1650)
Supreme command of the royal troops in Italy (1658)
Governor of Havre (1660)
Governor of La Rochelle and the Pays d'Aunis (1666)
Supreme command of the royal troops in Alsace , Lorraine , the diocese of Metz , Burgundy and Champagne (1673)
Supreme command of the royal army in Roussillon (1676)
Captain-lieutenant of the Chevau-Leger de la garde du roi

In 1635 he became Colonel of the Régiment Cardinal-Duc , which was renamed the "Régiment de La Marine" the following year.

He took part in the siege of Saint-Omer in 1638 and in the battle at Polincove , in 1639 in the siege of Hesdin and in 1640 in the siege of Arras . The following year he left the "Régiment de La Marine" and took over the Régiment de Poudeny , which had been set up in 1601 by his uncle Bernard de Montaut. Since the takeover, the name has been "Régiment de Navailles".

He led his unit with the "Armée d'Italie" under the command of Henri de Lorraine-Harcourt in the Piémont , where he took part in several sieges. In November 1642 he was able to distinguish himself at the siege of Tortona . In 1643 he was mentioned during the siege of the citadel of Asti .

In May 1645 he stood with his regiment at the siege of Roses until he was commanded to Flanders to siege Lens in September .

In 1646 he was appointed "Sergent de bataille". At the same time he returned to Italy and fought in the siege of Orbetello from May to July . In the same year he was promoted to Maréchal de camp and fought under Francesco I. d'Este , who had just become an ally of France. He was badly wounded during the siege of Cremona in 1648.

During the Fronde revolt (1648–1653), Navailles was loyal to Cardinal Mazarin. King Louis XIV then appointed him lieutenant general in 1650 . In the battle of Rethel he was able to contribute to the defeat of Turenne . Out of gratitude, the king then appointed him governor of the small fortress of Bapaume . In 1651 Navailles escorted Cardinal Mazarin from the border with the Spanish Netherlands to Poitiers , where they met the king. In 1652 he fought the insurgents of the Fronde in Orléanais and Anjou .

In 1653 Navailles was awarded the rank of captain lieutenant of the Chevau légers of the Guard. He was thus the commander of the unit, since the "Capitaine" - as the highest rank in the Guard - was reserved for the king. After the death of his father in 1654 he inherited the title of Duc de Navailles.

On July 16, 1656 he commanded a detachment in the battle of Valenciennes .

In 1658, with the post of captain général , he commanded the royal troops in Italy under the command of the Duke of Modena. At the same time he was appointed ambassador extraordinary to the Italian princes. After the death of the Duke of Modena on October 14, 1658, he took over his post as commander-in-chief until the conclusion of peace on November 7, 1659.

On February 26, 1660, Navailles was appointed governor of Le Havre .

In 1666 he was given command of La Rochelle and the Aunis . From June to August 1669 he was involved in the unsuccessful attempt to end the siege of Candia . After his return he was exiled one more time - now for three years - to his lands.

Resumed at grace in 1673, he was entrusted with command of the troops in Alsace, Lorraine, the diocese of Metz, Burgundy and Champagne. The following year, de Navailles took part in the second conquest of Franche-Comté . During the Dutch War , he set up his army on the Saône at Pontailler-sur-Saône and Heuilley-sur-Saône , where the border between Franche-Comté and France ran. In February 1674 he invaded Franche-Comté; to do this, he installed a pontoon bridge and used a ford at Heuilley-sur-Saône and the bridge at Pontailler . He then turned north and took the important city of Gray on February 28th . Vesoul was captured on March 11 and Besançon in May . The occupation of the entire province was completed in July. In the battle of Seneffe he commanded the left wing.

On July 30, 1675, he was appointed Marshal of France.

The following year he commanded the army in Roussillon and replaced the Comte de Schomberg . He crossed the border to Empordà and took Figueras . On May 29, 1678 he captured Puigcerdà . After the peace of Nijmegen he resigned.

In 1683 he was appointed tutor to Philippe II de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans . Navailles died of a stroke on February 5, 1684 in Paris and was buried in the novitiate on Rue du Bac.

Others

The Duc de Navailles left extensive memoirs for the years 1630 to 1682.

literature

  • Arnaud Vendryes: Les Amaurandes, Pratz et Lamartine. In: Travaux 2010. Ed .: Société d'émulation du Jura. Pp. 173–203 (mentions the Duc de Navailles on the occasion of the conquest of Franche-Comté in 1674).
  • Mémoires du duc de Navailles et de La Valette. Jean Malherbe, Amsterdam 1701 ( full text in the Google book search); Barbin, Paris 1701 ( full text in the Internet Archive ; full text in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ). New editions: J. Techener, Paris 1861 ( digitized on Gallica ); Nabu Press, 2011, ISBN 978-1-175-99744-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mémoires du duc de Navailles , 1861, 1st book, p. 2 ( digitized on Gallica ).
  2. ^ François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chenaye-Desbois : Dictionnaire de la Noblesse. 3rd edition, volume 14. Schlesinger frères, Paris 1869, col. 878 ( full text in the Google book search).
  3. ^ Joseph François Michaud , Louis Gabriel Michaud : Biography universelle ancienne et modern. Volume 30. C. Desplaces, Paris 1843-1865, p. 247 ( full text in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ). First edition: LG Michaud, Paris 1821, p. 604 ( full text in the Google book search).
  4. ^ Mémoires du duc de Navailles , 1861, 5th book, p. 196 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon : Mémoires (= Bibliothèque de La Pléiade ). Volume 1. Gallimard, 1953, p. 707. New edition 1990 (= Édition d'Yves Coirault ), ISBN 978-2-07-038234-7 . German translation: Louis de Rouvroy, Duke of Saint-Simon: The memoirs of the Duke of Saint-Simon. Ed .: Sigrid von Massenbach. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1977.
  6. ↑ This was a new regiment of that name that was set up on February 19, 1674: Création du régiment de Navailles. In: Ancestramil (PDF; 56 kB).
  7. ↑ Bernard II. De Montaut, seigneur de Puntous , died on July 4, 1634 during the siege of the fortress La Mothe .
  8. ^ Mémoires du duc de Navailles , 1861, 1st book, p. 6 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ The Sergents de bataille ensured order and discipline in the units in combat according to the orders of the "Sergent major-général". Abolished in 1668.
  10. ↑ Michaud, Volume 30, 1843–1865, p. 248 ( full text in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
  11. ^ Mémoires du duc de Navailles , 1861, 3rd book, p. 138 ( digitized version ).
  12. ^ Mémoires du duc de Navailles , 1861, 4th book, p. 173 ( digitized version ).
  13. ↑ Ferdinand Hoefer (Ed.): Nouvelle biography générale . Volume 37. Firmin Didot frères, Paris 1866, p. 535 ( full text in volume 37 in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek). New edition: Volume 32. Rosenkilde & Bagger, Copenhagen 1968.
  14. ^ Mémoires du duc de Navailles , 1861, 5th book, p. 212 ( digitized version ).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Montaut-Bénac, Philippe de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Duc de Navailles
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French diplomat and military officer, Marshal of France
DATE OF BIRTH 1619
DATE OF DEATH February 5, 1684
Place of death Paris