Pidvolochysk

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pidvolochysk
Підволочиськ
Coat of arms of Pidvolochysk
Pidvolochysk (Ukraine)
Pidvolochysk
Pidvolochysk
Basic data
Oblast : Ternopil Oblast
Rajon : Pidvolochysk Raion
Height : 272 m
Area : 9.06 km²
Residents : 8,056 (2015)
Population density : 889 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 47805
Area code : +380 3543
Geographic location : 49 ° 32 '  N , 26 ° 8'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 31 '42 "  N , 26 ° 8' 21"  E
KOATUU : 6124655100
Administrative structure : 1 urban-type settlement , 22 villages
Address: вул. А. Шептицького 4
47800 смт. Підволочиськ
Website : http://pidvolochysk.info/
Statistical information
Pidvolochysk (Ternopil Oblast)
Pidvolochysk
Pidvolochysk
i1

Pidvolochysk ( Ukrainian Підволочиськ ; Russian Подволочиск Podwolotschisk , polish Podwoloczyska ) is in the West Ukraine on the right bank of the river Zbruch and about 50 kilometers east of Oblasthauptstadt Ternopil preferred urban settlement type with about 8,000 inhabitants.

history

Railway station building in Pidvolochysk
Villa Hromnyzki in Pidvolochysk

The place was mentioned in writing for the first time in 1463. Even then, there were settlements on both sides of the Sbrutsch River on an important trade route, the settlement on the left, but today Volochysk developed better than the settlement on the right, whose name means "near / under Volochysk". It was initially in the Kingdom of Poland (until 1569) and belonged to the Zbaraski family , later to the Wiśniowiecki family, and from 1744 to the Moszyński family (then in the Polish-Lithuanian aristocratic republic in the Podolia voivodeship ). With the partition of Poland in 1772, the small settlement fell to the newly created crown land of Galicia within Austria and initially belonged administratively to the Tarnopol district, together with this it briefly became part of the Russian Empire between 1809 and 1815 , but then came back to Galicia and became part in 1850 of the newly created district of Skałat . In 1897, through the creation of a district court, the place became the seat of the newly created judicial district Podwołoczyska , which existed until 1918.

Trading hub

As a result of the railway construction of the Tarnopol – Podwołoczyska line (part of the Galician Carl Ludwig Railway with continuation to Kiev ) in the years 1869 to 1871, the previously insignificant border town gained new importance.

The last section of the tracks on the (then) Austrian side to the river bank turned out to be difficult, because a one kilometer long and 40 meter high incision had to be dug through a mountain. In view of the technical means available at the time, this was a major challenge. The Austrians recruited workers among the peasants from the surrounding villages. The workers had to carry their heavy tools on foot and had to cover a distance of 2 to 3 kilometers to the construction site every day. At the destination they were already weakened to do the difficult work. Therefore, dwellings were built on site.

After the completion of the rail link, Pidwolotschysk increasingly developed into an important hub for import and export goods between Russia and Central Europe. The reason for this was that the gauge of the Galician Carl Ludwig Railway was designed in the European standard gauge of 1435 millimeters, whereas the railway line of the Kiev-Brest Railway was in the Russian broad gauge of 1524 millimeters. At that time it was not customary to change the gauge of railway wagons, so goods had to be reloaded in Pidvolochysk and passengers had to change trains. A large transshipment and transfer station was created. After the trains arrived at different times, numerous warehouses were built for the temporary storage of goods, hotels for overnight stays for travelers and a customs office. The main focus was the trade in Russian grain, wood and eggs. The grain transport name to such proportions that the grain was partly stored in the open field in large hills, which were guarded accordingly. Two factories for the production of albumin from eggs, two grain mills and two brick factories were built . In addition to many craft businesses and trading shops, there were 43 grain dealers alone. Pidwolochysk developed into the most important border crossing between Austria and Russia, where numerous trading companies from all over Europe were represented. At the same time, travelers coming from Russia bought Western clothing before continuing their journey to the West. This is how the place became a flourishing trading hub. The egg exchange , which for a long time determined egg prices in Central and Eastern Europe, was particularly well known. The egg prices were sent daily by telegram to the Berlin and London stock exchanges .

Because of the ever increasing cargo handling, Pidwolotschysk was given the status of a market town . Above all, the Jewish community developed in the village, which made up 75% of the population in 1890. 25% of the 1900 inhabitants were Poles. Until the outbreak of the First World War, the population grew to 10,000. Numerous languages ​​dominated everyday life, such as Polish, Russian, German, French, Hebrew and Yiddish. At the turn of the century, people spoke of Little Paris in the East . In the years 1896 to 1898, the place was hit by four major fires. After the rail network in Russia was continuously expanded towards the end of the 19th century and the movement of goods and people was distributed over numerous other rail routes between East and West, the importance of Pidvolochysk as a trading hub gradually dwindled.

1914-1945

During the First World War, the border town was occupied from August 1914 to February 1918 by Russian troops, and came to the end of the war as part of the Tarnopol province to the Second Polish Republic . On September 17, 1939, shortly after the start of the Second World War , Pidvolochysk was occupied by the Red Army and in January 1940 received urban-type settlement status as the center of the newly created Pidvolochysk Rajon . However, on July 5, 1941, the settlement was occupied by German troops after Germany's attack on the Soviet Union. Partisan associations organized in the surrounding areas. A forced labor camp for Jews called Kamionki III was established, which was operated from May 1942 to June 30, 1943. The male inmates were forced to build tracks, bridges and roads. Some of the prisoners were deployed at the Reckmann company, Hoch- und Tiefbau and the Otto Heil company, Bad Kissingen. During the German occupation, the day before the camp was closed on June 29, 1943, Jews were shot at masses. The place was recaptured on March 21, 1944 by the Red Army.

Newly founded settlement community

On August 9, 2015, the settlement became the center of the newly established settlement community of Pidvolochysk ( Підволочиська селищна громада Pidvolochyska selyschtschna hromada ). At that includes also the 22 villages Bohdaniwka ( Богданівка ) Chmelynska ( Хмелиська ) Dorofijiwka ( Дорофіївка ) Faschtschiwka ( Фащівка ) Haluschtschynzi ( Галущинці ) Iwaniwka ( Іванівка ) Kamjanky , Kachanivka ( Качанівка ) Klebaniwka ( Клебанівка ) Korschyliwka ( Коршилівка ) Myslowa ( Мислова ) Mowtschaniwka ( Мовчанівка ) Orichowez ( Оріховець ) Roschynsk ( Рожиськ ) Rossochuwatez ( Росохуватець ) Scherebky ( Жеребки ) Schewtschenkowe ( Шевченкове ) Staromischtschyna ( Староміщина ) Supraniwka ( Супранівка ) Tarnoruda , Tschernyliwka ( Чернилівка ) and Turiwka ( Турівка ).

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Paulus Adlesgruber, L. Cohen, B. Kuzmany: Separated and Yet Connected: Border Cities Between Austria and Russia 1772–1918 , Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-205-78625-2 .
  • Podwołoczyska , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 605f.

Web links

Commons : Pidvolochysk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of November 21, 1895, No. 178, page 642
  2. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of August 1, 1897, No. 185, page 1231
  3. ^ State Treaty of May 18, 1869 Reich Law Gazette. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  4. ^ Przewodnik krajoznawczo-historyczny po Ukrainie Zachodniej: Podole . Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rewasz", 2005, ISBN 978-83-89188-46-5 , pp. 94-95; Polish.
  5. ^ Rzeczpospolita Wirtualna, Podwołoczyska . Retrieved November 19, 2016.
  6. ↑ Podwoloczyska (men's camp) . Retrieved August 17, 2017.
  7. ↑ Відповідно до Закону України "Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад" уко іновісльско іномад "ко іновісльско іномад" ко іновісльско іновісльско іновісльско іномад "ко іномад" ко іновісльско іновісльско інорносльско іносльско іноч ьско ілурносльско інорносльско інорносльско імісв