Mint

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Schleiz Mint once minted the coins of the Principality of Reuss-Schleiz .
Woodcut: Medieval Coin
Money adulteration in a tipper mint (see kipper mints in Saxony )

A mint or mint (also mint ) is a public institution that exchange rate and commemorative coins on behalf of an imprinted . A synonymous abbreviation for a mint is coin , which is reflected in the names of many mints.

German mints

After the German Empire was founded in 1871, the right to mint coins was transferred from the individual German states to the Reich. By decision of the Federal Council of 7 December 1871 uppercase characters of the alphabet as mint mark ( Münzbuchstaben ) used - and in the order in which the states in Article 6 of the Constitution were listed in rank. I was left out because of the risk of confusion with J (which now represented Hamburg), 1 (one) and I (Roman one). These mintmarks replaced the previous mintmaster marks .

Mint mark place time comment
A. Berlin since 1750 State Mint Berlin , temporarily VEB Münze Berlin
B. Vienna (A) 1938-1944 (German Empire)
Hanover 1866-1878 (Kingdom of Prussia)
Glatz (PL) 1813 (Kingdom of Prussia)
Wroclaw (PL) 1812-1826
1799-1803
1750-1768
(Kingdom of Prussia)
C. Frankfurt am Main 1866-1879 (Kingdom of Prussia)
Kleve 1750-1767 (Kingdom of Prussia)
D. Munich since 1871 Bavarian main mint
Dusseldorf 1817-1848 (Kingdom of Prussia)
Aurich 1750-1763 (Kingdom of Prussia)
E. Muldenhütten 1887-1953 (Kingdom of Saxony, Free State of Saxony, Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany, GDR)
Dresden 1872-1887 (Electorate of Saxony, Kingdom of Saxony; founded in 1556, from 1872 minted on behalf of the empire with Mz. E, previously with Mm. )
Koenigsberg (RUS) 1751-1803
1456-1728
1261-1309
(Kingdom of Prussia)
F. Stuttgart since 1872 State Coins of Baden-Württemberg ( State Mint Stuttgart )
Magdeburg 1750-1769 (Kingdom of Prussia)
G Karlsruhe since 1872 State Coins of Baden-Württemberg ( State Mint Karlsruhe )
Szczecin (PL) 1752-1754 (Kingdom of Prussia)
H Darmstadt 1872-1882 (Grand Duchy of Hesse)
I. - - not used due to risk of confusion with J (Hamburg), 1 (one) and I (Roman one)
J Hamburg since 1873 Hamburg Mint
K Strasbourg (F) 1871-1918 (German Empire)
T Tabora (EAT) 1916 (German East Africa; today Tanzania )
Br Brussels (B) 1915-1918 for the coins of the German occupation in Belgium
GG Ghent (B) Company Geeraert, Ghent, for the emergency coins of the city of Ghent
Menden 1921 Heinrich Kissing company, Menden, for emergency coins from the province of Westphalia (but only those from 1921)
Me Meissen 1920 Meißen porcelain factory for emergency coins from the German Empire
P Paris (F) for the coins of the Saarland
U Utrecht (NL) 1923 Utrecht, Netherlands, for part of the coins of Gdansk
Lissa (CZ) 1940-1944 Mint Vichr in Lysá nad Labem for the coins of Bohemia and Moravia ( Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia )
arrow Warsaw (PL) 1923 (with old stamps), 1938 (with old stamps), 1939 for the coins of the General Government of Poland, issue announced on April 23, 1940
In the places highlighted in bold are the 5 German state mints that are still active today . Coins are still minted in Vienna (A), Utrecht (NL) and Paris (F).

See also the Wettin mints:

Mint Anna Berg , mint Bautzen , mint Buchholz , mint Colditz , mint Freiberg , mint Gotha , mint green Thal , mint Langensalza , mint Leipzig , mint Sanger Hausen , mint snow mountain , mint Weimar , mint Wittenberg , mint Zwickau , Kippermünzstätten (course axes) . (Dresden Mint see table)

Switzerland: Federal Mint

The Swissmint in Bern is the official mint of the Swiss Confederation .

Swiss coins bear the mint mark B for the Swissmint in Bern. The fifty cent coins from 1968 and 1969 and the one and two franc coins from 1968 exist both with and without a mintmark, the latter were minted in London. The capacities of the Federal Mint were no longer sufficient at that time, as after the sharp rise in the price of silver, the silver coins were hoarded and had to be replaced by copper-nickel coins. Also without a mintmark are the two - centime coins from the year 1969 minted in London, some of the fifty-centime coins from 1970 (indistinguishable from the Bernese coins, as both have no mintmark) and some of the one-franc coins from 1969 (nevertheless with a "B", ie not distinguishable from the Bern coinage).

Mint mark place time comment
[no sign] London 1968-1969
Bern 1970-1985
A. Paris 1850-1852 France
AB
BB
Strasbourg France
B. Bern 1853–1969
from 1986
London 1969 One-franc pieces
B. Brussels Belgium

Austrian mints

Habsburg Monarchy (including the Kingdom of Bohemia , the Kingdom of Hungary , the Principality of Transylvania , Burgau , the Austrian Netherlands , the Duchy of Milan and Veneto ), the
Austrian Empire , the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy , Austria in the German Empire and the Austrian Second Republic

Mint mark place time comment
A. Vienna 1765-1873
B. Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz 1765-1848
1849-1868
Hungarian half of the empire , today Kremnica ( Slovakia )
Vienna 1938-1944 German Empire
BL Brussels 1781-1789 Austrian Netherlands , now Belgium
C. Gyulafehérvár / Karlsburg for Austria 1761-1764 Principality of Transylvania , today Alba Iulia ( Romania )
only copper coins
Praha / Prague 1767-1856 Kingdom of Bohemia, now the Czech Republic
CA Gyulafehérvár / Karlsburg for Austria 1746-1765 Principality of Transylvania, today Alba Iulia (Romania)
only Francis I ( co-regent )
1764-1765 Principality of Transylvania, today Alba Iulia (Romania)
only copper 1 Pfennig and copper ½ Kreuzer
D. Graz 1767-1772
Salzburg 1800-1809
E. Gyulafehérvár / Karlsburg 1765-1867 Grand Duchy of Transylvania, today Alba Iulia (Romania)
F. Hall in Tirol 1765-1809 Mint Hall, now a museum (the last coins were the Hofer cruisers )
G Graz 1761-1763 copper coins only
Günzburg for Austria 1764-1765 silver coins only
Gunzburg 1772-1779 Margraviate Burgau , today Germany
only for Burgau
Nagybánya / Frauenbach 1767-1848
1849-1851
Grand Duchy of Transylvania, today Baia Mare (Romania)
GR Graz 1746-1765 only Franz I (co-regent)
GY.F. Gyulafehérvár / Karlsburg 1868-1871 Hungarian half of the empire, today Alba Iulia (Romania)
H Hall in Tirol 1760-1780 Mint Hall, now a museum
Gunzburg 1766-1805 today Germany
HA Hall in Tirol 1746-1765 Mint Hall, today museum
only Franz I (co-regent)
Hall in Tirol for Hungary 1752-1754 Mint Hall, now museum
only silver Poltura
K Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz for Austria 1760-1780 Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia)
only copper coins
Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz 1767-1776 Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia)
only ½ and 1 convention thaler (if the silver is state)
Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz for Gorizia 1788-1789
1794; 1799
Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia)
KB Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz 1540-1765
1848-1849
1868-1918
Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia)
KB – KD Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz 1765 Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia)
only gold ducats
KM Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz 1763; 1765 Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia)
only copper Poltura
M. Milano / Milan 1786-1859 today Italy
N Nagybánya / Frauenbach for Austria 1780 Grand Duchy of Transylvania, today Baia Mare (Romania)
NB Nagybánya / Frauenbach 1580-1765
1849
Principality of Transylvania, today Baia Mare (Romania)
1766-1780 Grand Duchy of Transylvania, today Baia Mare (Romania)
only gold ducats
O Oravicabánya / Oravicza 1812-1816 Banat military border , today Oravița (Romania)
P Praha / Prague for Austria 1760-1764 Kingdom of Bohemia, now the Czech Republic,
only copper coins
PR Praha / Prague for Austria 1746-1765 Kingdom of Bohemia, today the Czech Republic
only Franz I (co-regent)
S. Szomolnok / Schmöllnitz for Austria 1763-1780 Hungarian half of the empire, today Smolník (Slovakia)
Szomolnok / Schmöllnitz for Bohemia 1763; 1767 Hungarian half of the empire, today Smolník (Slovakia)
only 1 Gröschel
Szomolnok / Schmöllnitz 1775-1816 Hungarian half of the empire, today Smolník (Slovakia)
S KM Szomolnok / Schmöllnitz 1763 Hungarian half of the empire, today Smolník (Slovakia)
only copper Poltura
V Venezia / Venice 1793-1866 today Italy
W. Vienna 1521-1763
1772; 1775
1780-1781
copper coins only
Vienna for Gorizia 1799 only 2 Soldi ( Lp. )
WI Vienna 1746-1765 only Franz I (co-regent)
Vienna for Hungary 1752 only silver Poltura
coat of arms Vienna 1975-1976
Eagle Hall in Tirol 1975-1976 Mint Hall, now a museum
Coins are still minted in Vienna (A) and Kremnica (SK) today.

French mints

Mint mark Minting location Mint mark Minting location
A. Paris O Riom
AA Metz P Dijon
B. Rouen Q Perpignan
BB Strasbourg R. Orleans
C. Caen S. Troyes and Reims
CC Besançon T Nantes
D. Lyon U Pau
E. Tours V Troyes
F. Angers W. Lille
G Poitiers X Amiens
H Rochelle Y Bourgos
I. Limoges Z Grenoble
K Bordeaux
L. Bayonne
M. Toulouse
N Montpellier

Mints of the euro coins

Mint Locations time comment
State Mint Berlin Berlin since 1998
Birmingham Mint Birmingham for the Netherlands
Royal Mint of Belgium Brussels since 1998
Greek national coin Halandri ( Athens ) since 2001
Hamburg Mint Hamburg since 1998
BH Mayer's Kunstprägeanstalt Karlsfeld Collector coins for Ireland
State Mint Karlsruhe Karlsruhe since 1998
Mincovňa Kremnica (Slovakia) Kremnica since 2008
Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda Lisbon since 1999
British Royal Mint Llantrisant for Ireland and the Netherlands
Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre Madrid since 1999 also for Greece
Bavarian main mint Munich since 1998
Monnaie de Paris Pessac since 1998 also for Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta and Monaco
Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato Rome since 1999 also for San Marino and the Vatican
Central Bank of Ireland Sandyford since 1999
State Mint Stuttgart Stuttgart since 1998 also for Luxembourg
Royal Dutch coin Utrecht since 1999 also for Luxembourg and Slovenia
Suomen Rahapaja (Mint Finland) Vantaa since 1999 also for Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Cyprus and Estonia
Mennica Panstwowa Warsaw Collector coins for Luxembourg
Austrian Mint Vienna since 1999 also for Luxembourg

literature

  • Dieter Fassbender : Lexicon for coin collectors. Over 1800 terms from Aachener Markt to Zwittermünze . Battenberg, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89441-334-4 .
  • Christopher Maynard (text), Bill Fallover (pictures): Wunderwelt Geld (“Amazing world of money”). Tessloff Verlag, Hamburg 1978, ISBN 3-7886-0158-2 .
  • Renate Kingma (text); Gerd Wener (pictures): Coins and money . Tessloff Verlag, Nuremberg 1991, ISBN 3-7886-0418-2 ( What is what ?; 78)
  • Klaus Jopp: The country needs new talers . In: Die Zeit 42 / October 1998, p. 61.
  • Herbert Rittmann: German Coin and Money History of the Modern Era up to 1914 . Brockhaus, Solingen 2003, ISBN 3-930132-22-2 (library for family researchers; 4).
  • Gerhard Schön: German coin catalog 18th century . Battenberg, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-89441-525-8
  • Gerhard Herinek: Austria Netto catalog coins from 1780 and banknotes from 1854 . ANK-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-901678-66-2
  • Rádóczy Gyula: Mária Terézia magyar pénzverése . Magyar Éremgyűjtők Egyesülete, Budapest 1982, ISBN 963-02-2249-3
  • The euro coins Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf 2009, ISBN 978-3-86646-520-6
  • Dariusz Ejzenhart, Ryszard Miller: The 3 Kreuzer coins of the Silesian mints Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf 2012, ISBN 978-3-86646-842-9

Web links

Commons : Mint buildings  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Georg v. Alten (Ed.): Handbook for Army and Fleet , Volume 5, Deutsches Verlagshaus Bong & Co., Berlin 1913, p. 212
  2. ^ Ruedi Kunzmann: The silver coin crisis in Switzerland of 1968 and the activity of the Royal Mint , London. In: Schweizer Münzblätter , Vol. 50, Nº 200, 2000, ISSN  0016-5565 , pp. 68-72.
  3. Eduard Döring: Handbook of Coin and Exchange Customers: or, Explanation of the exchange, money and government paper course notes. Johann Christoff Hermann'sche Buchhandlung, Frankfurt / Main 1837, p. 4