Primož Trubar

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Primož Trubar ( German  Primus Truber ; born June 9, 1508 in Rašica , today the municipality of Velike Lašče in Lower Carniola ; † June 28, 1586 in Derendingen near Tübingen ) was a Protestant preacher and is considered the founder of Slovenian literature as well as the Evangelical Church in Slovenia .

Engraving by Primož Trubar

Life

Trubar received his training in Rijeka (1520, when he was twelve) and Salzburg . In 1524 he went to Trieste to Bishop Pietro Bonomo , where he came into contact with humanistic ideas and later with the Reformation . In 1527 he returned to Lower Carniola to become pastor in Laak near Steinbrück . In 1528 he enrolled at the University of Vienna , but left it in 1530 without a degree to take over a parish in Laško .

In the early 1530s, Trubar came as one of probably four vicars of Bishop Christophorus Rauber to the Ljubljana Cathedral of St. Nikolai , where he preached in Slovene . He gradually approached Protestantism, which brought him into conflict with the Ljubljana diocese , so that he was dependent on Bonomo's support. In 1540 he went back to Trieste and then took over a parish in St. Barthelmä until he was excommunicated by the Ljubljana Bishop Urban Textor in 1547 , which forced him to go to Germany . He found refuge with the theologian Veit Dietrich in Nuremberg . Through his recommendation he got a position as a deacon in the hospital church Heilig Geist in Rothenburg ob der Tauber , where he stayed from 1548 to 1552, married his wife Barbara in 1549 and his first son, Primus the Younger, was born. There he wrote the first book in the Slovenian language, published in 1550 at Schwäbisch Hall under the German title Catechismus In der Windischenn Sprach . He then wrote his second work there, Abecedarium , which was also printed.

From 1553 to 1561 he was a Protestant pastor at the St. Mang Church in Kempten , where he translated the New Testament from the Luther Bible into Slovenian (see also Jurij Dalmatin and Bible translation # Slovenian ). Here he was in exchange with Pietro Paolo Vergerio, who was born in Koper . At his suggestion, Hans Ungnad set up a printing house in the Urach Abbey , in which some of his writings and South Slavic translations of the New Testament were produced. In total, he published around 25 to 30 Slovenian books. In 1565 he was again expelled from Ljubljana and fled to Germany again, where he took over the parish in Lauffen am Neckar . Within a year he translated the psalms there . In 1567 the exile was appointed pastor in Derendingen near Tübingen , where he died in 1586.

His grave is still located in the Protestant St. Gallus Church there and is often visited by Slovenian groups who honor the reformer and / or the founder of the language in him.

Primož Trubar on the reverse of the Slovenian 1 euro coin

Reception and appreciation

The Slovenian writer Drago Jančar refers in his story Feuer from the volume of short stories The Apparition of Revenska (2001) to an episode from Trubar's student days in Vienna. In his position as a university writer, the young theology student (scholar) describes the events surrounding the public cremation of Balthasar Hubmair, who was condemned as a heretic (Anabaptist), and at the same time gives an outlook into his own future as a preacher, scribe and influential representative of the Reformation in the Lower Carniola ( Slovenia).

Primož Trubar Church in Ljubljana
Monument to Trubar in Uracher Stift, the collegiate church of St. Amandus in the background.
  • Trubar's image can be found on the common one-euro coins in circulation (since 2007) and on the second two-euro commemorative coin of the Republic of Slovenia from 2008 as well as on the ten- tolar note of the former Slovenian currency (from 1992).
  • In Tübingen-Derendingen a street and the Protestant parish hall are named after him.
  • The Evangelical Church in Ljubljana is named after him. There is also a memorial statue of Trubar, another bust of Boris Kalin is in Celje .
  • The city of Rothenburg honored Trubar on his 500th birthday by naming a farm after him. Traces of his work can also be found in a number of other southern German cities.
  • A life-size bronze statue of Trubar stands in the courtyard of the Urach Abbey .

Works (selection)

  • Abecedarium vnd the small catechism in the Windisch language = Ane Buquice, is tih se ty mladi inu preprosti Slouenci mogo lahku vkratkim zhasu brati nauuzhiti. Vtih so tudi ty vegshy stuki te kerszhanske vere im ane molytue, te so prepisane od aniga Peryatila vseh Slouenzou. Printed in Sybenburgen [i. e. Schwäbisch Hall] by Jernei Skuryaniz [ie Peter Frentz], [1550], OCLC 447181945 .
  • Abecedarium. Trofenik, Muenchen approx. 1970, OCLC 310808605 (reprint of the 1555 edition).
  • Zbrana dela Primoža Trubarja. Edit v. Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko, Jonatan Vinkler, Igor Grdina, Oto Norčič. Part 1-4. Rokus, Ljubljana 2002–06, ISBN 961-209-343-1 (work edition; Slovenian. Nova revija zal., 2007, OCLC 891484424 , electronic resource; other parts with own ISBN).
    • Part 1: Catechism, 1550; Abecedarium, 1550; Abecedarivm, 1555; Catechismvs, 1555; Abecedarivm, 1566. Uredila, transkribirala, prevedla Fanika Krajnc-Vrecko. 2002 (reprint of editions 1550, 1555 and 1566). Eurotrade print, Murska Sobota 2002.
    • Part 2: Ta celi catechismus s kratko zastopno izlago, 1567; Catechism z dveima izlagama, 1575. Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko: K drugi knjigi zbranih del Primoža Trubarja. Moon Grafika, 2003.
    • Part 3: Articuli oli deili te prave, stare vere kersčanske, 1562; Cerkovna ordninga, 1564; Ta slovenski kolendar, kir vselei terpi, 1557, 1582. Uredil, transkribiral, prevedel Jonatan Vinkler. Jonatan Vinkler: Slovenska protestantska veroizpoved in cerkveni red za vse dni v letu: k tretji knjigi Zbranih del Primoža Trubarja. Pleško, Ljubljana 2005.
    • Part 4: Ena molitov tih kersčenikov, 1555; Ene duhovne peisni, 1563; Ena duhovska peissen zubper Turke inu vse sovražnike te cerqve božye, 1567; Eni psalmi, ta celi catehism inu tih vegših gody stare inu nove kersčanske peisni, 1567; Ta celi catehism, eni psalmi inu tih vegših godii stare inu nove kersčanske peisni, 1574; Try duhovske peissni, 1575; Ta pervi psalm ž nega triiemi izlagami, 1579. Transkribiral, uredil, prevedel in spremno študijo napisal Jonatan Vinkler. Jonatan Vinkler: Trden grad je naš Gospod. K četrti knjigi Zbranih del Primoža Trubarja. Pleško, Ljubljana 2006.
    • Part 6: Ta celi Novi testament, 1582. Transkribirala, prevedla in spremno besedo napisala Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko. Opombe in komentarje napisali Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko, Edi Vrečko in Jonatan Vinkler. Pedagoški inštitut, Ljubljana 2010, ISBN 978-961-270-042-3 ( limited preview in Google book search).
    • Part 7: Ta celi Novi testament. II, 1582. Transkribirala, prevedla, opombe, komentarje in spremno besedo napisala Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko (ur.). Pedagoški inštitut, Ljubljana 2014, ISBN 978-961-270-215-1 .
    • Part 8: Tiga Noviga testamenta ena dolga predguvor, 1557; En regišter, ena kratka postila, 1558. Transcribiral, prevedel in spremno besedo napisal Jonatan Vinkler. Pedagoški inštitut, Ljubljana 2012, ISBN 978-961-270-141-3 .
    • Part 11: Nemški spisi. 1550-1581. Prevedel, opombe, komentarje in spremno besedo napisal Edvard Vrečko. Pedagoški inštitut, Ljubljana 2011, ISBN 978-961-270-101-7 .
Bust of Trubars in Lendava

literature

  • Sönke Lorenz , Anton Schindling , Wilfried Setzler (eds.): Primus Truber. The Slovenian Reformer and Württemberg (= publication of the commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg ). Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-17-021273-2 .
  • Vincenc Rajšp et al. (Ed.): The Reformation in Central Europe = Reformacija v srednji Evropi. Contributions on the occasion of the 500th birthday of Primus Truber, 2008 (= Srednjeevropska znanstvena knjižnica. Volume 4). Založba ZRC / Austrian Academy of Sciences, Ljubljana / Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-961-254-289-4 (including on: Trubar and the development of the Slovene language as well as in the context of humanistic letter literature).
  • Gerhard Giesemann: The Theology of Primož Trubar (= contributions to Slavic philology and cultural history. Series A: Slavic research. N. F. Volume 87). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2017, ISBN 978-3-412-50927-9 .
  • Ludwig Theodor Elze :  Truber, Primus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 38, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 669-674.
  • Zvone Štrubelj: Courage to speak. Primož Trubar. 500 years, 1508–2008. Translated from Slovenian by Karlklaus Klemme. Hermagoras, Klagenfurt / Laibach / Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-7086-0462-6 (original title: Pogum besede ).
  • Ludwig Theodor Elze: Primus Trubers letters. Collected and explained with the corresponding documents (= library of the Litterarian Association in Stuttgart . Volume 215 = 49, Publ. 4). Literary association in Stuttgart, Tübingen 1897, DNB 100251939X .
  • Christian Friedrich Schnurrer : Slavic book printing in Württemberg in the 16th century. A literary report (= history, culture and intellectual world of the Slovenes. Volume 20). Trofenik, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-87828-182-X (reprint of the Tübingen edition 1799).
  • Mirko Rupel: Primus Truber. Life and work of the Slovenian reformer (= Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft [Hrsg.]: Südosteuropa-Schriften. Volume 5). German translation and adaptation by Balduin Saria . Südosteuropa-Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 1965, OCLC 460205149 (original title: Primož Trubar. Življenje in delo. Ljubljana 1962).
  • Siegfried Raeder : Trubar, Primož. In: Religion Past and Present . Volume 8: T-Z. 4th, completely revised edition. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 3-16-146948-8 , p. 638.
  • Andreas Müller : "... so that Mr. Christo vnder den Crobaten, Wenden, even the Türcken can collect a church ...". To the work of the Reformation of Primus Truber among the Southern Slavs. In: Journal of Church History . Volume 116 (fourth episode LIV), 2013, issue 1, pp. 30–45.
  • Rolf-Dieter Kluge (Ed.): A life between Laibach and Tübingen - Primus Truber and his time. Intentions, course and consequences of the Reformation in Württemberg and Inner Austria (= Sagners Slavic Collection. Volume 24). Sagner, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-87690-620-2 (anthology).
  • Helmut Claus: "Printed in Transylvania by Jernei Skuryaniz". Books on the first prints of Primož Trubar's Slovenian catechism and abecedarium from 1550. In: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch. Volume 88, 2013, ISSN  0072-9094 , pp. 127–138 ( digizeitschriften.de , accessible through subscribed libraries, institutes, etc.).

Web links

Commons : Primož Trubar  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ludwig Theodor Elze :  Vergerius, Peter Paul . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 39, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1895, pp. 617-621 (here pp. 618 f.).
  2. ^ Drago Jančar : The apparition of Rovenska. Stories (= Transfer. Volume 32). Translated from the Slovenian by Klaus Detlef Olof . Folio, Vienna / Bozen 2001, ISBN 3-85256-160-4 , pp. 113–146 ( fire ).
  3. ↑ PM: On the trail of the Slovenian reformer in Rothenburg. In: swp.de, Hohenloher Tagblatt. Südwest-Presse , Ulm, February 21, 2015, accessed on September 13, 2016.
  4. ↑ For further works by Elze on Trubar see ders .: Die evangelischen Preacher Krains im XVI. Century. In: Yearbook of the Society for the History of Protestantism in Austria . Vol. 21, 1901, pp. 159–201, here: p. 201 ( Scan  - Internet Archive ) and the associated author page at Wikisource .
personal data
SURNAME Trubar, Primož
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Primus Truber
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Protestant preacher and is considered to be the founder of Slovenian literature
DATE OF BIRTH June 9, 1508
PLACE OF BIRTH Rašica near Velike Lašče , Lower Carniola
DATE OF DEATH June 28, 1586
Place of death Their endings