Schwarzenberg Castle (Scheinfeld)

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Schwarzenberg Castle near Scheinfeld in the Steigerwald
Schwarzenberg Castle, south view
Schwarzenberg Castle, side view to the west

The Schwarzenberg Castle is a castle in Scheinfeld in Franconia Steigerwald . The structural origin of the castle was a medieval defense system, which was later converted into a representative castle. The origins of the castle can still be clearly seen: fortified walls, casemates and defense towers still bear witness to its former purpose. The ornate palas of the castle stands in clear contrast from the point of view of the different architecture .

history

In 1150 there was the first documentary mention of a castle that was owned by the Counts of Castell . However, this assumption is not undisputed, because the document can also refer to Schwarzenburg Castle near Waldmünchen. What is certain, however, is the existence of a noble family from 1215–1235, which ends with a sick canon in 1250 in Würzburg. A little later, the castle appears for the first time in the Casteller inheritance deed around 1258/1265; the tower is named 1274.

1405–1421: After being owned by the von Hohenlohe and von Vestenberg families , Ritter Erkinger VI. von Seinsheim , ancestor of the Schwarzenberg family , the castle.

In 1607 the medieval castle was destroyed by fire.

1608–1618: Count Wolfgang Jacob von Schwarzenberg zu Hohenlandsberg had the castle rebuilt as a palace in the Renaissance style. The well-known Augsburg city ​​builder Elias Holl created the drafts, the construction was carried out by the Nuremberg builders Jakob Wolff , father and son. The interior was renewed after the Thirty Years War .

During the Thirty Years War, Schwarzenberg Castle, like Scheinfeld and Oberscheinfeld, was looted by small Swedish associations from autumn 1631.

In 1646, after the death of Count Georg Ludwig von Schwarzenberg zu Hohenlandsberg , the seat of the nobility fell back to the so-called Dutch (future princely) line of the Schwarzenberg family.

1670–1674: On the occasion of the raising of the House of Schwarzenberg to the status of imperial prince, the “Black Tower” was built as the last component. It marks the tallest part of the palace.

17th century: The Schwarzenberg family shifted the focus of its rule to Vienna and Bohemia , but the palace remained the seat of government and administration of the imperial princely county of Schwarzenberg until 1806 . The royal Bavarian ruling court Schwarzenberg in Scheinfeld existed from 1814 to 1848. It was then royal Bavarian court and police authority until 1852, then a regional court .

Under Prince Adolph Joseph (1832–1914) the castle was extensively renovated from 1900 to 1902 .

The Schwarzenberg brewery , whose operator Wilhelm Holzwarth (* 1875) founded the Uffenheimer Tageblatt in Uffenheim in 1928, was located at the castle .

1940: The National Socialists confiscated the castle and set up a Gau training castle . German refugees were quartered towards the end of the Second World War .

1945–1949: During their advance to Nuremberg , the US Army occupied the castle and used it as a hospital . Approx. It offered temporary accommodation to 1000 refugees from the Baltic states as temporary accommodation for the UN .

1986: The Documentation Center for the Promotion of Independent Czechoslovakian Literature moved into the castle. For this purpose, Karl zu Schwarzenberg had rooms set up in the palace. A small publishing house for printing underground literature was also established in the castle.

In 2015, the renovation of Schwarzenberg Castle began .

Todays use

Karl zu Schwarzenberg , who was foreign minister of the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2013 and is head of the aristocratic house, lives in the castle for a while. The Mathilde Zimmer Foundation used to run a private girls' grammar school in the castle and now runs a private junior high school, some of whose students are housed outside the castle walls in a boarding school. There are guided tours through the castle. The Franconian Marienweg runs across the grounds of the castle .

See also

literature

  • Wolfgang Wüst : The Seinsheim-Schwarzenberg files: a Franconian aristocratic rule before the Imperial Court of Justice . In: Yearbook for Fränkische Landesforschung 62, 2002, ISSN  0446-3943 , pp. 203-230.

Web links

Commons : Schwarzenberg Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Schwarzenberg Castle in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ G. Wunder: The relatives of Archbishop Friedrich I of Cologne. In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine. Volume 166, 1964, p. 25 ff.
  2. ↑ Hohenlohisches Urkundenbuch I, No. 34; Baader, Hist. Association Middle Franconia 22, p. 96 f .; Goez, Codex Diplomaticus Ebracensis I, No. 152; Monumenta Castellana I, nos. 99 and 115; Monumenta Boica 37, No. 312, p. 348 f.
  3. ↑ Monumenta Castellana, No. 152; State Archives Nuremberg, Reichsstadt Rothenburg, No. 487 a = Regional Court Protocol I, fol. 1 r.
  4. ↑ Max Döller (1950), p. 234 f.
  5. ^ Deutsche Bauzeitung , 36th year 1902, No. 80 (from October 4, 1902), p. 515.
  6. ^ Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia. The Volkish Awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch 1922–1933. (= Streiflichter aus der Heimatgeschichte , special volume 4.) Verlag Philipp Schmidt, 2016, ISBN 978-3-87707-990-4 , p. 31.

Coordinates: 49 ° 40 ′ 19 ″  N , 10 ° 28 ′ 32 ″  E