Bohumín
| Bohumín | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Moravskoslezský kraj | ||||
| District : | Karviná | ||||
| Area : | 3109 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 54 ' N , 18 ° 21' E | ||||
| Height: | 198 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 20,690 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 735 31, 735 81 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Ostrava – Petrovice and Bohumín – Český Těšín | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 7th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Petr Vícha (as of 2006) | ||||
| Address: | Masarykova 158 73581 Bohumín 1 - Nový Bohumín |
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| Municipality number: | 599051 | ||||
| Website : | www.bohumin.cz | ||||
Bohumín (German Oderberg , Polish Bogumin ; ) is a town in Okres Karviná in the Czech Republic . It belongs to the Moravskoslezský kraj and is located in Silesia on the border with Poland.
geography
The place is located on the right bank of the Oder , which forms the border to Poland (formerly Prussian Silesia ) here with the flowing Olsa .
history
Reign of Oderberg
The rule Oderberg was a feudal territory around the castle Barutswerde until 1622, which included the city, after that a manorial rule in the Habsburg Empire, from 1848 still a large estate.
Oderberg was first mentioned in 1256 as Bogun .
On January 6, 1373, Duke John I of Troppau and Ratibor , who came from the Troppau branch of the Přemyslids , awarded the Bohunyn rule as a fief to Pašek von Barutswerde.
In 1523 the Bohemian King Ludwig II granted the rule to Georg , the Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach , under the Hohenzollern the town and rule were already called Oderberg . Georg Friedrich , who had ruled since 1557, died childless in 1603 and rule fell to Elector Joachim Friedrich of Brandenburg . In 1622 the fiefdom of Emperor Rudolf II was withdrawn and came under Austrian sovereignty as the manorial estate of the Viennese banker Lazarus I. Henckel von Donnersmarck . In 1636 he was raised to the imperial baron and in 1661 to the bohemian count .
After the First Silesian War , rule was divided between Prussia and Austria in the Peace of Vienna of 1742. The town and castle Oderberg remained Austrian .
City of Oderberg
In the 19th century, Oderberg belonged as a small agricultural town to the district administration of Freistadt ( Karviná -Fryštát) and had a district court and a customs office.
The old, wooden Oder bridge from the 15th century was closed to carts in 1833 and also to pedestrians in 1833 due to dilapidation and was then demolished. For decades, a ferry was used, the importance of which sank due to the railway bridge and road bridges further away.
In the middle of the 19th century Oderberg was a small town with 1000 inhabitants, around 1900 there were 1260 inhabitants. In 1898/1899 a new road bridge was built. In 1902 a horse-drawn tram was opened from Oderberg to Oderberg-Bahnhof, which was converted to steam operation in 1903 and to electrical operation in 1916.
Oderberg railway station - Nový Bohumín
Between the insignificant villages Schönichel (Šunychl) and Pudlau (Pudlov), both belonging to the Oderberg lordship, the temporary Oderberg terminus of the Kaiser-Ferdinand-Nordbahn was opened on May 1, 1847 . On September 1, 1848, with the completion of the Oder bridge between Oderberg and Annaberg ( Chałupki ), the connection to the Wilhelmsbahn and thus to the Prussian rail network was established.
In the wake of the revolution of 1848 , the imperial patent of September 7, 1848 ended the subordination of the peasants, and the villages of the manors became political communities . In 1850 the municipality of Pudlau was united with the larger neighboring town Wirbitz (Vrbice).
In 1872 the Kaschau-Oderberger Bahn was opened. People and industry settled around the train station, and this is how the Oderberg-Bahnhof village emerged in the Schönichl-Kopitau community.
In the course of the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , Oderberg and its surrounding area were disputed between the newly formed Czecho-Slovak Republic and the Polish Republic. In an arbitration verdict of the Supreme Allied Council, the territory is divided between the two states. Oderberg fell to Czechoslovakia and Schönichel became Šunychl. In 1924 the place was elevated to a town and at the same time renamed Nový Bohumín (New Oderberg).
With the Munich Agreement of September 29, 1938, Czechoslovakia lost the portion of the district of Teschen with Oderberg (now Bogumin ) to Poland . After the German occupation in September 1939, Neu-Oderberg belonged as Oderberg (Upper Silesia) to the district of Teschen in the administrative district of Katowice . During the war there was a work detachment E728 of Stalag VIII-B in Neu-Oderberg. On May 1, 1945, the city was captured by the Red Army .
Bohumín
After the Second World War, Bohumín remained with Czechoslovakia . In 1949 the places Bohumín with Nový Bohumín, Pudlov, Skřečon, Vrbice and Záblatí were combined in a municipality called Bohumín. 1952 Vrbice was separated again. In 1954 Bohumin was divided into 5 districts: I. město (formerly Starý Bohumín), II. Nový Bohumín, III. Pudlov, IV. Skřečoň, V. Záblatí. In 1960 Starý Bohumín became an independent town again. In 1973 it was united with Nový Bohumín to form today's city of Bohumín.
City structure
The city of Bohumín (Oderberg) is divided into seven districts:
- Nový Bohumín (Neu Oderberg) - 14,068 inhabitants
- Starý Bohumín (Old Oderberg) - 1,541 inhabitants
- Skřečoň (Skretschon) - 2,533 inhabitants
- Záblatí (Sablath) - 2,198 inhabitants
- Pudlov (Pudlau) - 1,465 inhabitants
- Šunychl (Schönichel) - 551 inhabitants
- Vrbice (Wirbitz) - 471 inhabitants
Other locations:
- Nová Ves (Nickeltaff)
population
The majority of the inhabitants are Czechs , but many have Silesian ancestors, but the proportion of the Polish minority is rather small. Before the Second World War, the city was inhabited by Germans . Nowadays the particularly high proportion of Roma is striking.
Attractions
- Catholic Herz Jesu Church (1896)
- Town Hall (1897–1898)
- former German school (1894–1914)
- Lutheran Church (1901)
economy
Around 1900 there was a pipe rolling mill, a petroleum refinery, manufacture of resin products, chemicals, oil, millstones, a brick factory and a sawmill.
traffic
The city is an important railway junction on one of the most important European railways. It is a station of the former Austrian Northern Railway (KFNB) from Vienna to Krakow , from which the former Prussian line of the Wilhelmsbahn branches off to Racibórz / Ratibor and Opole / Oppeln . The city is also the starting point for the Žilina – Bohumín railway (former Kaschau-Oderberg railway ) crossing the Jablunka Pass .
Sports
- Football: FK Bohumín
sons and daughters of the town
- Arthur Zanker (* 1890), medic, poet
- Herbert Cysarz (1896–1985), German specialist in German
- Harry Hochfelder (1914–1991), German-Jewish historian and publicist
- Svatopluk Havelka (1925–2009), Czech musician
- Wolfgang Röd (1926–2014), professor of philosophy
- Tomáš Pospíchal (1936–2003), Czech football player and coach
- Pavel Srníček (1968–2015), Czech football goalkeeper
- Marek Poštulka (* 1970), Czech football player
- Svatopluk Němeček (* 1972), Czech politician
- Tereza Bebarová (* 1975), Czech actress
- Patrik Děrgel (* 1989), Czech actor
Town twinning
-
Prudnik , Poland -
Zdzieszowice , Poland
literature
- Franz Dostal: Guide and contributions to the history of the rulership and the town of Oderberg and its surroundings. Created from various sources. Wilhelm Meyer, Oderberg 1913, ( digitized version ).
