Snezhinsk

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Sneschinsk (disambiguation) .

city Snezhinsk Снежинск flag coat of arms Federal district Ural Oblast Chelyabinsk Urban district Snezhinsk mayor Mikhail Schelesnow Founded 1955 City since 1993 surface 357  km² population 48,810 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 137 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 270  m Time zone UTC + 5 Telephone code (+7) 35146 Post Code 45677x License Plate 74, 174 OKATO 75 545 Website www.redhouse.snz.ru Geographical location Coordinates 56 ° 5 '  N , 60 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 56 ° 5 '0 "  N , 60 ° 44' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Chelyabinsk Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Sneschinsk ( Russian Снежинск ; former name first Chelyabinsk-50 , then until 1991 Chelyabinsk-70 ) is a Russian city ​​in the northeast of Chelyabinsk Oblast with 48,810 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). As part of the Soviet military-industrial complex, it has belonged to the so-called closed cities since the Soviet times . Snezhinsk is now shown on the maps, but a special permit is still required to visit them. Snezhinsk is the seat of the Russian Federal Atomic Research Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Center for Technical Physics (Russian: Российский Федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссий , Abbreviation: Ники технической).

geography

Sneschinsk is located in the northeast of the Chelyabinsk region on Lake Sinara in the central Urals .

The city and the WNIITF cover an area of ​​357 square kilometers. Sneschinsk is around 120 kilometers from the regional capital Chelyabinsk and 90 kilometers from the metropolis of Yekaterinburg .

climate

In the Chelyabinsk region, the continental climate typical of large parts of Russia prevails . The winters (November to March) are long and the summers are short (July and August). Spring (April and May) and autumn (September and October) are only transitional periods between summer and winter. They do not have distinctive characteristics - after a warm April, snow can fall again in early May.

In January the average temperature is -16 ° C, but in extreme cases it can drop to values ​​below -45 ° C. The average temperatures in summer are 23 to 28 ° C, but can reach maximum values ​​of 48 ° C.

population

In January 1999 the population of the city was around 49,000, in January 2003 it was around 50,000. Since the city was founded as a nuclear research facility, it still has a disproportionately high proportion of academics: in 2003, there were 44 post-docs and 256 doctorates (the Russian equivalent of the German title is Doctor of Science and Candidate in Science ). 45 percent of the population have a higher education, 80 percent of school leavers go to university.

history

Downtown of Snezhinsk with statue of Lenin

Apartment houses in Snezhinsk

The history of modern Snezhinsk begins on April 5, 1955 with the establishment of the so-called Object NII-1011 (German: Object Scientific Research Institute 1011), now known as the Russian Federal Atomic Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Center for Technical Physics . This facility is dedicated to the planning and maintenance of nuclear weapons .

The place was founded as a second atomic research center next to the already existing Arsamas-16 (today: Sarow ). As a result, a third of the personnel from Arsamas-16 was assigned to Chelyabinsk-50 when it was founded. In 1957, the first thermonuclear warhead developed in Snezhinsk was successfully tested.

From the beginning, Sneschinsk was planned as an exclusive and confidential place of residence for the employees there. At the beginning, the institute was also responsible for building up the community, recruiting labor, setting up the infrastructure and building housing.

In May 1957, Snezhinsk was officially established by decree. Over the years, many competencies and property rights have passed from the institute to local government or other institutions - a process that has continued to the present day.

The nineties brought a wealth of innovations. In 1992 the existence of Snezhinsk was first officially made public in Russia. In 1993 the place received city rights.

Population development

year	Residents
2002	50,451
2010	48,810

Note: census data

economy

Snezhinsk is the seat of the Russian Federal Atomic Center - All-Russian Scientific Research Center for Technical Physics (WNIITF). Among other things, this is dedicated to the design and maintenance of nuclear weapons . It is also the city's largest employer and still dominates economic life today - around fifty percent of the workforce is employed there.

The company Sp exc , founded in February 1999, is a spin-off of the institute that deals with conversion . The second largest employer in the city is the state energy supplier Transenergo . In addition, four small businesses and 26 private companies are registered (as of 2002). All of these companies together employ around 14 percent of the workforce.

traffic

Ten kilometers from Snezhinsk is the trunk road that connects Chelyabinsk with Yekaterinburg.

Flight connection

The nearest airport for long-distance travelers is Kolzowo near Yekaterinburg; from there you can take a bus to Snezhinsk. Kolzowo can be reached from Germany from Frankfurt Airport or via Moscow.

Public transport

The train journey from Moscow to Yekaterinburg takes around 28 hours. From there, the bus continues from the bus station to Snezhinsk. There are daily bus connections between Snezhinsk and Chelyabinsk or Yekaterinburg. In Snezhinsk itself you can take a bus or taxi.

leisure

The leisure activities are more of a Soviet style. There is the Palace of Culture October (with 29 subdivisions for various activities), a Park of Culture and Recreation and the Kosmos Theater . There are three libraries in town with reading rooms for adults and one for children.

Snezhinsk has 60 sports facilities, including a stadium, swimming pool, ski area, archery area and tennis courts.

Travel to the closed city

Since Sneschinsk is still a closed city , some special regulations apply to travel there.

preparation

Before the trip, the host or host must obtain permission from the former Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, now the Federal Agency for Atomic Energy of Russia . This can take up to sixty days. After the permission to visit has been granted, a formal invitation letter must be sent to the guest, with which a visa can be applied for. This procedure takes another five to 30 days.

stay

The host must provide accommodation in the city. The choice is certainly not large: the Hotel Sneschinka (Russian снежинка, snowflake), built in 1983, is the only hotel on the site.

During your stay in Snezhinsk you have to expect to be accompanied by security forces. Cameras, cameras, computers and other electronic accessories can be taken into custody by the security forces for the duration of the stay.

Twin cities

• Livermore in the US state of California
• Chkalovsk in Tajikistan

sons and daughters of the town

• Alla Grishchenkova (born 1961), swimmer
• Igor Katschurin (* 1967), weightlifter
• Igor Valeyev (born 1981), ice hockey player
• Tatjana Petruschina (* 1990), basketball player
• Sofija Nikittschuk (* 1993), model; Miss Russia 2015

Web links

Commons : Sneschinsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Detailed city description on globalsecurity.org (English)
• Portrait of the city on uralpress.ru (English)
• City website (Russian)
• Entry about Snezhinsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Russia's closed cities open their gates, article on russland.ru (German)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Alla Grishchenkova in the database of Sports-Reference (English)
3. ↑ Качурин Игорь Анатольевич , chel-portal.ru (Russian)
4. ↑ Валеев Игорь Сергеевич , r-hockey.ru (Russian)
5. ↑ «Снежинская звёздочка» Татьяна Петрушина , sports.ru (Russian)
6. ↑ Никитчук София Викторовна , ruspekh.ru , October 22, 2017 (Russian)