St. Peter and Paul (Minseln)

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Peter and Paul in Minseln

St. Peter and Paul is a Roman Catholic church in Rheinfelden , which is under the patronage of Peter and Paul . The church in the late baroque style is located in Unter minsel . The first mention of the church dates from around 1360; The current church was built between 1686 and 1691. In 1762/63 it was redesigned in the Rococo style with numerous frescoes. The North Swabian district also belongs to the Catholic Parish Association of Minseln, and its members use the Peter and Paul Church as a parish church .

history

Beginnings and predecessor buildings

Since Minseln was first mentioned in a document in 754, the church is very likely to have been built very early. A parish was mentioned for the first time in Minseln in 1275 ( plebanus in Minseldon in decanatu Wiesental ) - there has been evidence of a pastor since 1290. The name of the church itself goes back to the period from 1360 to 1370. During this time Minseln belonged to the dean's office Warmbach and was under the sovereignty of Habsburg since the 14th century ; Rheinfelden finally became Austrian in 1449.

According to the legend, there was a dispute about whether the church should be built in the Upper or Lower Islands, so that the building material was transported back and forth between the two places. An angel has chosen the current building site in Lower Islands.

A new rectory was built in 1587, but it was already showing serious structural damage after 30 years. In the years 1617 to 1660 the German Order Coming Beuggen exercised the right of presentation for the community of Minseln, but without having the church set , which was connected with the emerging Reformation in the Markgräflerland . The rectory was damaged during the main period of the Swedish War in 1632/33. The Kommende Beuggen then had a new rectory built in Minseln in 1650/59 at their own expense.

Today's church

Tower facade

Already at the time of the Thirty Years War it was criticized that the church was too small. Because of this, and because it suffered damage from the war, the community has been trying harder to build a new building since 1685. The bailiff of Rheinfelden, Dean Fres in Säckingen, visited the place and confirmed the matter as necessary. The episcopal building permit was granted on February 8, 1686. The Rheinfeld master builder Anton Troger - the grandfather of the future prince abbot of St. Blasien Meinrad Troger - was responsible for the new church . The builder received 1,000 pounds , 40 guilders , 50 four-quarter grains and eleven Saum wine for his work . On August 31, 1691, Johannes von Konstanz, Auxiliary Bishop of Konstanz , consecrated the new building.

The high altar in honor of Saints Peter and Paul comes from Hans Jakob Meyer from Rheinfelden and was only built in 1697. The painter Franz Bröchin created the gilded ornaments. The main sheet depicts the farewells of Peter and Paul and was painted by an unknown master. In 1733 a new altar dedicated to the Three Wise Men and two statues were purchased. In 1739 the altar was raised and in 1749 two confessionals were purchased.

In the years 1762/63 the church was redesigned in the Rococo style. The pastor at the time, Joseph Kienberger, hired the plasterer Johann Michael Hennevogel from Wessobrunn , who was already working at the Fridolinsmünster in Säckingen . Hennevogel created a mirror vault in the nave and choir . He provided the lower surface and parapets of the gallery as well as the window frames with stucco . For the painting, the Waldshut painter Gotthard Hilzinger was commissioned by Kienberger, who worked out the program for the fresco cycle. In 1763 the old pulpit was brought to Wyhlen and in its place Hennevogel created a new one made of stucco marble with a sound cover .

In the years 1826 to 1827 the saddle roof of the church tower was replaced by the current pyramid helmet and an additional storey was added.

Extensive renovations and restorations were carried out in the years 1876, 1920, 1929, 1961 and from 1972 to 1977.

description

Church building

The Peter and Paul Church in Minseln consists of a single nave nave and a three-storey bell tower with an entrance hall on the basement. The nave and part of the chorus lower ridge of the roof is a pitched roof covered; the polygonal end of the choir with a tent roof . The bell tower is covered by a roof pyramid, the base of which changes from a square to an octagon and is therefore slightly bent at the corners; a classicist frieze adorns the base of the tower . The three sound arcades on all sides on the top floor come from the tower elevation in 1826/27. On the floor below there is an arched sound arcade on each side, the tower clock and a dial on the east and west sides. Next to the church is the cemetery, on which there are two memorial plaques for those who died in the two world wars.

Interior and equipment

Nave with a view of the choir

The interior of the church is richly decorated. The vault and partly also the walls are covered with stucco and rocailles . The colors in sea green, ocher, rose and gray tones were restored after a finding in 1973/74. In the church and the sacristy there are numerous, partially gilded carved figures; the oldest is a Mother of God from around 1730/40. The tabernacle in the sacristy was created in 1697 by the scribe Hans Jakob Meyer and the painter Franz Bröchlin.

Hennevogel's pulpit with curly pilaster strips and gilded rocailles has a sound cover with two angels, a cross and the tablets of the Law of Moses and symbolizes the old and new covenants . The baptismal font with stylized tendril motifs dates from the first third of the 18th century.

Frescoes and paintings

Ceiling fresco by Gotthard Hilzinger

In the middle of the ceiling of the nave, the fresco depicts the crucifixion of Peter, the beheading of Paul, the Roman emperor Nero and sacrifices to idols, which are presented to Neptune and Jupiter by pagan priests. Gotthard Hilzinger's painting is characterized by the use of heavy shades of color, especially shades of brown. In the four smaller fields surrounding the central field, the calling of Peter, his imprisonment and the conversion of Paul and Paul as preachers are shown. The pictures are framed by strongly curved cartouches . The glorification of the Holy Eucharist is depicted in the ceiling of the choir . The central picture in the choir is surrounded by seven cartouche paintings in rosaille and grisaille . The interpretive lines in Latin come from the Corpus Christi hymn Lauda Sion . From northwest to southwest they represent:

  1. In one room there is a shelf with apothecary bottles and in front of it on a table a bottle with the inscription Cicuta . A banner on the right reads: MORS EST MALIS VITA BONIS
  2. There is a burning candle on a table, which is reflected on the walls. The slogan QUANTUM ISTI TANTUM ILLE can be read in the picture.
  3. In a seascape there is a child who is holding a stick and appears to have broken through the surface of the water. Say: NON CONFRACTUS
  4. A shell is floating on the sea and a grain of sand in it has turned into a pearl. Say: QUOD NON CAPIS QUOD NON VIDES
  5. In a mountain landscape, valleys and watercourses are shown, many of which reflect the sun. Say: NON DIVISUS
  6. A candle is lit on a set table. Two hands light two more candles. Say: NEC SUMPTUS CONSUMITUR
  7. On a table is a broken rococo mirror in which the sun is reflected in the whole and in the broken part. Saying: TANTUM SUB FRAGMENTO QUANTUM TOTO
Chronogram

Also, the chorus walls relate to the Eucharist and show Melchisedech (IN figuris PRAESIGNATUR), Abraham sacrifice (CUM ISAAC IMMOLATUR), the sacrifice of Easter lamb (AGNUS Paschae DEPUTATUR) and Manna rain (datur MANNA patribus) with saying texts.

Choir and nave are connected by a triumphal arch , at the apex of which there is a chronogram with the following inscription:

"P I E I AN I TOR OST I A C OE LI APER I D O C TOR EGREG I E M ORES I NSTR V E"

“Kind doorkeeper (Peter), open the gates of heaven. Exalted teacher (Paul), instruct in the right life. "

Some letters of the inscription are shown larger (highlighted in bold in the quote), which are read as Roman numerals and add up to the year 1763. The rich rocaille is framed by a cartouche and flanked on both sides by putti .

Altars

Resurrection Christ at the high altar

The high altar from 1770 was made by Johann Michael Hartmann and FJ Bekert. The retable with the two altar leaves from 1697 rises from its back wall, decorated with pilasters and flanked by figures on consoles. The main leaf shows the farewells of Peter and Paul. The tabernacle is crowned by a Resurrection Christ and a Christ who represents the Good Shepherd . A graceful crucifixion group stands in the exposure niche.

In contrast to the high altar, which can be assigned to the late Rococo, the two side altars are made in the classicist style by the Säckingen painter and sculptor Vollmar in 1815. They rest on box-shaped stipes and their reredos are decorated with garlands and raised by a triangular pediment decorated with vases. In the north side altar is a round-arched oil painting on canvas, which shows the Three Wise Men in a neo-baroque representation. The southern altar shows the Assumption . The paintings are signed C. Bertsche.

organ

The organ comes from a Dominican church in Constance . It was taken over in 1809 and its work was replaced in 1864 by the organ builder Eduard Stadtmüller from Hugstetten . A restoration and expansion took place in 1967 by the company Gebr. Späth Orgelbau . It has two manuals , a pedal and 13 stops and works with a mechanical play and stop action.

Bells

The chime includes three bronze bells from different years and from different foundries:

No. Nominal Casting year Caster
1 f ′ 1769 Andreas Roost, Loerrach
2 H' 1698 Hans Heinrich Weitenauer , Basel
3 cis ′ ′ 1666 Hans Bernhard Schnuri, Rheinfelden

literature

  • Hans Jakob Wörner : Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul in Minseln , Verlag Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1978, ISBN 978-3-7954-4856-1 .
  • Johannes Helm : Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , Müllheim / Baden 1989, ISBN 3-921709-16-4 , 276-278.
  • Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg, Landkreis Lörrach (ed.): Der Landkreis Lörrach , Volume II (Kandern to Zell im Wiesental), Jan Thorbecke Verlag Sigmaringen 1994, ISBN 3-7995-1354-X , p. 268.

Web links

Commons : Peter and Paul (Rheinfelden-Minseln)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paula Hollenweger : Legends from the Markgräflerland are Alemannic people. in: Das Markgräflerland , Volume 3/4, 1978, pp. 294–295.
  2. ^ Wörner: Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul in Minseln , p. 3
  3. ^ Wörner: Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul in Minseln , p. 4
  4. ↑ a b c Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 278
  5. ^ Wörner: Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul in Minseln , p. 11
  6. ↑ Rheinfelden-Minseln (cemetery)
  7. ↑ a b Wörner: Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul in Minseln , p. 14
  8. ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 277

Coordinates: 47 ° 35 ′ 36.7 "  N , 7 ° 47 ′ 25.8"  E