Prison Brandenburg ad Havel

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Prison Brandenburg ad Havel
Main building of the Brandenburg-Görden prison (1931)
Information about the institution
Surname Prison Brandenburg ad Havel
Reference year 1931
Detention places 413
Employee 314

The correctional facility Brandenburg a. d. Havel (abbreviated JVA Brandenburg a. D. Havel ), formerly Brandenburg-Görden prison (commonly known as Brandenburg-Görden prison ), is a correctional facility in the state of Brandenburg in Brandenburg an der Havel , in the Görden district . It accommodates male adult offenders with up to life imprisonment and prisoners on remand. It was built from 1927 to 1935 as one of the most modern prisons in Europe for around 1,800 prisoners as a successor to the old prison in Brandenburg an der Havel .

Current situation

The JVA Brandenburg is occupied exclusively with male prisoners and is now divided into three prison departments, a social therapy department and a health department.

The correctional facility (JVA) currently has a capacity of 88 places for adult prisoners on remand, 330 places for adult prisoners, 80 places in the social-therapeutic department (SOTHA), 100 places for adult prisoners in the open prison and 36 beds in the transport department. There are also 32 places in the detention hospital , which is the only one of its kind in the state of Brandenburg. The detention hospital also operates an external ward in the municipal clinic of the city of Brandenburg an der Havel.

In the JVA Brandenburg an der Havel imprisonment up to life imprisonment as well as pre-trial detention for the judicial district of the regional court Potsdam are carried out. A total of 314 employees are employed, 220 of them in law enforcement.

The entire prison was renovated by 2014 and brought up to date in terms of security and equipment. This renovation was carried out during ongoing operations, with only a small number of inmates having to be transferred to other Brandenburg prisons, for example the Cottbus-Dissenchen prison and Neuruppin-Wulkow prison.

history

Old penitentiary Neuendorfer Strasse (1928)

In the penitentiary on Neuendorfer Strasse , which had existed since the middle of the 19th century , catastrophic hygienic conditions prevailed, which led to the construction of the prison in the Görden district. This new building, which also houses today's prison, was designed and built between 1927 and 1935 as a model institution for the "humane penitentiary system". The old prison was then closed in 1931.

With the seizure of power of the Nazis in 1933 mainly political prisoners, "preventive detention", sentenced to death and prisoners were detained with some life imprisonment here, however. With the intensification of the National Socialist terror against politically imprisoned prisoners, a place of execution was installed in this prison in 1940. Together with the Plötzensee prison , the Brandenburg-Görden prison formed the " central execution site for execution district IV ". The executioner in charge was Wilhelm Röttger from 1942 to 1945 . From August 1, 1940, 2,743 people were executed here , 1,722 of them for political reasons and more than 110 conscientious objectors from the ranks of Jehovah's Witnesses . 652 other prisoners perished from diseases such as TBC , and seven prisoners from suicide .

The Red Army occupied the prison in the course of the Battle of Berlin on April 27, 1945. After the end of the war, the Soviet Army imprisoned collaborators here until 1947 , mainly members of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) of the former General of the Red Army Andrei Vlasov (1901-1946), and prisoners on remand.

In the GDR there were prisoners in the penal institution who were sentenced to five years of age or more for homicides. Some had been sentenced to life imprisonment. Political prisoners were also arrested there, and their sentences were often less than five years.

There have been memorial rooms in the Brandenburg penal institution since 1964, which are now located within the complex of the Brandenburg a. d. Havel are located. As a memorial to the Brandenburg-Görden prison, they belong to the Brandenburg Memorials Foundation . At the Brandenburg Marienberg was memorial to the executed in the penitentiary Brandenburg-Gorden anti-fascist resistance fighters erected.

Former inmates

Before 1945

After 1945

Executed or died in prison

Bernhard Bästlein: executed in Brandenburg (GDR postage stamp, 1964)
Franz Jacob: executed in Brandenburg
Anton Saefkow: executed in Brandenburg - the street Anton-Saefkow-Allee in front of the correctional facility is named after him (GDR postage stamp, 1964)
  • Bernhard Almstadt , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 6, 1944
  • Walter Arndt , zoologist, executed on June 26, 1944
  • Friedrich Aue , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 27, 1944
  • Bernhard Bästlein , communist and resistance fighter, executed on September 18, 1944
  • Heinrich Bayer , Jehovah's Witness, executed on May 15, 1944
  • Bruno Binnebesel , Roman Catholic priest and resistance fighter, executed on November 13, 1944
  • Wilhelm Bode , trade unionist and resistance fighter, exact circumstances of death unknown
  • Max Borrack , resistance fighter, executed on February 19, 1945
  • Anton Brugger , Adventist ( Reform Adventist ) conscientious objector, executed on April 3, 1943
  • Walter Budeus , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 21, 1944
  • Hermann Danz , communist and resistance fighter, executed on February 5, 1945
  • Jean-Marie Derscheid , zoologist, executed on March 13, 1944
  • Leo Drabent , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 20, 1944
  • Karl Heinz Engelhorn , career officer and resistance fighter, executed on October 24, 1944
  • Hermann Falck , interpreters in the Wehrmacht, on April 9, 1943 for undermining military morale executed
  • Karl Freiherr von Thüngen , officer in the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht, resistance fighter, executed on October 24, 1944
  • Friedrich Fromm , officer in the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht, executed on March 12, 1945
  • Paul Gesche , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 21, 1944
  • Claudius Gosau , communist and resistance fighter, executed on March 6, 1944
  • Alois Grimm SJ, Roman Catholic religious priest ( Jesuit ), executed on September 11, 1944
  • Georg Groscurth , founder of the "European Union" resistance group, executed on May 8, 1944
  • Nikolaus Christoph von Halem , lawyer, businessman and resistance fighter, executed on October 9, 1944
  • Alfred Andreas Heiss , conscientious objector, executed on September 24, 1940
  • Michael Hirschberg , SPD resistance fighter, died of a heart attack on March 20, 1937 after being mistreated
  • Caesar Horn , communist and resistance fighter, executed on March 19, 1945
  • Franz Jacob , communist, executed in 1944
  • Franz Jägerstätter , Roman Catholic conscientious objector, executed on August 9, 1943
  • Willy Jannasch , communist and resistance fighter, died of heart failure on September 30, 1938 after being mistreated
  • Hugo Kapteina , worker and resistance fighter, executed on April 20, 1945
  • Kilian Kirchhoff OFM, Roman Catholic religious priest ( Franciscan ), executed on April 24, 1944
  • Ernst Knaack , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 28, 1944
  • Erich Knauf , writer, executed on May 2, 1944
  • Wilhelm Knöchel , communist and resistance fighter, executed on July 24, 1944
  • Hermann Koehler , banker and Hitler critic, executed on November 8, 1943
  • Alfred Kowalke , communist and resistance fighter, executed on March 6, 1944
  • Johannes Kreiselmaier, resistance fighter, executed on November 27, 1944
  • Hans Krüger , non-party resistance fighter, executed on November 27, 1944
  • Erich Kurz , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 21, 1944
  • Karl Ladé , communist and resistance fighter, executed on January 8, 1945
  • Arthur Ladwig , communist and resistance fighter, executed on July 10, 1944
  • Georg Lehnig , communist and resistance fighter, executed on March 28, 1945
  • Michael Lerpscher , conscientious objector, executed on September 5, 1940
  • Wilhelm Letonja , Jehovah's Witness and deserter, executed on September 2, 1942
  • Karl Lühr , Mayor of Woltersdorf (Wendland / Lower Saxony), executed on December 20, 1943
  • Max Maddalena , communist and resistance fighter, died on October 22, 1943 of a serious stomach disease
  • Rudolf Mandrella , executed on September 3, 1943
  • Pali Meller , architect of Hungarian-Jewish descent, died of TB on March 31, 1943
  • Albert Merz , Christadelphian , conscientious objector, executed on April 3, 1941
  • Franz Mett , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 21, 1944
  • Max Josef Metzger , Roman Catholic priest, executed on April 17, 1944
  • Joseph Müller , Roman Catholic priest, executed on September 11, 1944
  • Kurt Müller , communist and resistance fighter, executed on June 26, 1944
  • Theodor Neubauer , communist and resistance fighter, executed on February 5, 1945
  • Hans Neumann , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 20, 1944
  • Erwin Nöldner , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 6, 1944
  • Franz Oswald , Jehovah's Witness and conscientious objector, executed on May 6, 1943
  • Viktor Pacha , Adventist ( Reform Adventist ) conscientious objector, executed on May 6, 1943
  • Stanislaus Peplinski , Polish forced laborer and member of the Speyer Comradeship resistance group , executed on March 19, 1945
  • Ludwig Pfältzer , Adventist ( Reform Adventist) conscientious objector, executed on September 1, 1942
  • Bruno Pfände, non-party, resistance fighter, executed on August 8, 1944
  • Tadeusz Piotrowski, Polish farm worker, executed on January 17, 1944
  • Vinzenz Platajs , Jehovah's Witness, executed on October 9, 1944
  • Heinrich Preuss , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 28, 1944
  • Siegfried Rädel , communist and resistance fighter, executed on May 10, 1943
  • Franz Reinisch , Roman Catholic priest, executed on August 21, 1942
  • Paul Rentsch , resistance fighter ("European Union"), executed on May 8, 1944
  • Fritz Riedel , resistance fighter, executed on August 21, 1944
  • Kurt Ritter , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 28, 1944
  • Friedrich Rödel , communist and resistance fighter, executed on February 5, 1945
  • Immanuel Röder , Protestant opponent of the Nazi regime and conscientious objector, executed on October 17, 1940
  • Josef Römer , resistance fighter, executed on September 25, 1944
  • Axel Rudolph , adventure and crime writer, executed on October 30, 1944
  • Franz Ruschmann , Jehovah's Witness and conscientious objector, executed on October 17, 1942
  • Anton Saefkow , communist and resistance fighter, executed on September 18, 1944
  • Willi Sänger , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 27, 1944
  • Johann Schellheimer , communist and resistance fighter, executed on February 5, 1945
  • Otto Schmirgal , communist and resistance fighter, executed on October 24, 1944
  • Leo Schneider , convicted of undermining military strength, executed on August 14, 1944
  • Hermann Schöne , general staff officer, lieutenant colonel and resistance fighter, executed on January 15, 1945
  • Jakob Schultheis , social democrat and member of the resistance group “Speyerer Kameradschaft”, executed on March 19, 1945
  • Martin Schwantes , communist and resistance fighter, executed on February 5, 1945
  • Bernhard Schwentner , Roman Catholic priest, executed on October 30, 1944
  • Werner Seelenbinder , athlete and communist, executed on October 24, 1944
  • Wilhelm Selke , communist and resistance fighter, executed on February 26, 1945
  • Max Sievers , chairman of the Freethinkers Association, executed on January 17, 1944
  • Arthur Sodtke , worker athlete and communist, executed on August 14, 1944
  • Friedrich Stoffels , Jehovah's Witness, executed on August 14, 1944
  • Herbert Splanemann , communist and resistance fighter, executed on January 29, 1945
  • Otto Springborn , SPD and later KPD member, executed on July 31, 1944
  • Leo Statz , German entrepreneur and staunch critic of National Socialism, executed on November 1, 1943
  • Stanislaus Szczygielski , communist and resistance fighter, executed on January 8, 1945
  • Ferdinand Thomas , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 20, 1944
  • Hermann Tops , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 14, 1944
  • Robert Uhrig , communist and resistance fighter, executed on August 21, 1944
  • Anton Uran , Jehovah's Witness and conscientious objector, executed on February 23, 1943
  • Franz Virnich , lawyer and Roman Catholic fraternity student (CV), died on April 5, 1943 as a result of "creeping execution"
  • Ernst Volkmann , Roman Catholic conscientious objector, executed on August 9, 1941
  • Alfons Maria Wachsmann , Roman Catholic priest, executed on February 21, 1944
  • Gustav Wegener , communist and resistance fighter, executed on December 11, 1944
  • Arthur Weisbrodt , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 6, 1944
  • Martin Weise , communist and resistance fighter, executed on November 15, 1943
  • Hans Wölfel , lawyer and Roman Catholic resistance fighter, executed on July 3, 1944
  • Father Paulus Wörndl , Austrian Roman Catholic religious priest ( Carmelite ), executed on June 26, 1944
  • Johannes Wüsten , writer and communist, died on April 26, 1943
  • Richard Zach , teacher, communist, poet, executed January 27, 1943
  • Walter Zimmermann, social democrat and resistance fighter, executed on January 8, 1945
  • Hans Zoschke , metal worker, seaman, athlete and resistance fighter, executed on October 26, 1944
  • Josef Zott , a leading member of the Bavarian monarchist Harnier resistance group, executed on January 15, 1945
  • Leander Zrenner , Adventist (Reform Adventist) conscientious objector, executed on August 9, 1941

Commemoration

On April 29, 2018, the permanent exhibition "Auf dem Görden" opened in the former director's villa of the Brandenburg prison.

See also

literature

  • Tobias Wunschik: Honecker's prison. Brandenburg-Görden and the political prison system in the GDR 1949–1989 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2018, ISBN 978-3-525-35124-6

Web links

Commons : Prison Brandenburg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Brandenburg prison 1933 to 1945. Retrieved on May 3, 2015 .
  2. ^ Friedrich Zipfel : Plötzensee Memorial . State Center for Political Education Berlin, Berlin, 7th edition 1966, p. 12.
  3. ↑ a b Annette Kaminsky (Ed.): Places of Remembrance: Memorial signs, memorials and museums on the dictatorship in the Soviet Zone and GDR. Chr. Links Verlag, 2nd edition 2007, page 156. ( online )
  4. ↑ Marcus Herrberger: Because it is written: “You shall not kill!” Verlag Österreich, Vienna 2005. pp. 384–418.
  5. ↑ a b c d Martin Sabrow: Erich Honecker: The life before . CH Beck, 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-69810-1 .
  6. ↑ Harry Hüttel's biography at www.stolpersteine-berlin.de, accessed on December 20, 2018
  7. ↑ Ernst Oschmann's biography. Retrieved May 3, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Walter Uhlmann: Die to live: political prisoners in the Brandenburg-Görden prison, 1933-1945 . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1983, ISBN 3-462-01584-2 .
  9. ^ List of stumbling blocks in Emilia-Romagna
  10. ↑ Hermann Weber: At that time, when my name was Wunderlich: from party college student to critical socialist: the SED party college "Karl Marx" until 1949 . Aufbau-Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-351-02535-1 .
  11. ↑ Stumbling blocks in Berlin | Places & biographies of the stumbling blocks in Berlin. Retrieved November 17, 2019 .
  12. ^ Ernst Bornemann: Bridge to the World: the Übersee-Funkempfangsstelle Lüchow-Woltersdorf: a chronicle from 1938 to 1988 . Projekt-Verlag Cornelius, 2008, ISBN 978-3-86634-485-3 .
  13. ↑ James Irvin Lichti Houses on the Sand ?: Pacifist Denominations in Nazi Germany , 2008, p. 65 - "Albert Merz was executed in Brandenburg military detention prison on April 3, 1941."
  14. ^ John Botten The captive conscience , 2002, p. 106
  15. ↑ Marcus Herrberger: Because it is written: "You shouldn't kill!" : the persecution of religious conscientious objectors under the Nazi regime with special consideration of Jehovah's Witnesses (1939–1945) . Austria, 2005, ISBN 3-7046-4671-7 , pp. 43 .
  16. ↑ Fritz Wilhelm: You fought for better Germany records about the anti-fascist resistance struggle in the Liebenwerda district . Ed .: District commission to research the local history of the labor movement at the district leadership of the SED Bad Liebenwerda. S. 89 .
  17. ↑ Johannes Tuchel: The death sentences of the higher court 1943 to 1945: A documentation . VLukas Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-229-4 , pp. 65 .
  18. ↑ "27 Cologne - Murdered in prison Brandenburg-Gorden" on the homepage of the district association Cologne of the League of Anti-fascists and anti-fascists , 29 April 2014
  19. ↑ Marcus Herrberger: Because it is written: “You shall not kill!”: The persecution of religious conscientious objectors under the Nazi regime with special consideration of the Jehovah's Witnesses (1939–1945) . Austria, 2005, ISBN 3-7046-4671-7 , pp. 43 .
  20. ↑ Christine Elizabeth King: The Nazi State and the New Religions . E. Mellen Press, 1982, ISBN 0-88946-865-6 , pp. 113 .
  21. ↑ Executed for news from the Eastern Front

Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 18.9 ″  N , 12 ° 28 ′ 17.9 ″  E